Month: February 2023

O-alkyl-N-acyl-N-phenylhydroxylamines as photochemical alkoxy radical precursors was written by Chowdhury, Nilanjana;Anoop, Anakuthil;Singh, N. D. Pradeep. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2012.Computed Properties of C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

A simple and efficient technique for the photolysis of alkoxy radical precursors is developed. Irradiation of O-alkyl-N-acyl-N-phenylhydroxylamines, as representative alkoxy radical precursors, with UV light (≥254 nm) results in homolytic N-O bond cleavage to generate singlet alkoxy and acylaminyl caged radical pairs. These radicals, depending on the solvent employed, either escape from the cage to form fragmentation products, or undergo in-cage reactions to produce photorearrangement products. The homolytic cleavage of the N-O bond is analyzed using time-dependent d. functional theory calculations The nature of the N-acyl substituent on the O-alkyl-N-acyl-N-phenylhydroxylamines is shown to influence their ability to generate radicals. Furthermore, identification and trapping of the alkoxy radicals is demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Computed Properties of C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Computed Properties of C11H16O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Promoting reversible cathode reactions in magnesium rechargeable batteries using metastable cubic MgMn₂O₄ spinel nanoparticles was written by Kobayashi, Hiroaki;Samukawa, Kouta;Nakayama, Masanobu;Mandai, Toshihiko;Honma, Itaru. And the article was included in ACS Applied Nano Materials in 2021.Formula: C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

Magnesium rechargeable batteries are candidates for post-lithium-ion batteries owing to the low price and superior theor. volume energy d. of Mg anodes. As a promising cathode material, MgMn₂O₄ spinel has a high energy d. with a high operating voltage, and a relatively high ionic conductivity However, the tetragonal symmetry of MgMn₂O₄, originating from the Jahn-Teller effect of Mn³⁺ ions, causes irreversible structural changes during the charge/discharge process, leading to poor reversibility. We developed metastable cubic MgMn₂O₄ spinel nanoparticles using the hot-injection method under low-temperature solvothermal conditions. Compared to tetragonal MgMn₂O₄, its cubic phase exhibited a superior reversible capacity, both exptl. and theor., at room temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Formula: C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Formula: C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Studies on antiulcer agents. II. Synthesis and antiulcer activity of phenylpropanol derivatives was written by Muto, Yoshiaki;Ichikawa, Hiromi;Seiki, Masao;Shirataki, Yoshiaki;Yokoe, Ichiro;Komatsu, Manki. And the article was included in Yakugaku Zasshi in 1994.Synthetic Route of C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

It was found that γ-irigermanal, obtained from the methanol extract of root of Iris germanica, exhibited a potent antiulcer activity. Therefore, this compound was selected as a lead-compound, and related compounds were synthesized and tested for antiulcer activities. It was found that (±) Et 2-[2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-oxocyclohexylidene]propionate (1) had excellent antiulcer activities. Then phenylpropanol derivatives, obtained by changing from cyclohexane ring of 1 to benzene ring, were synthesized and tested for antiulcer activities in order to study structure-activity relationships. As a result, (±) Et 2-[2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl]propionate (2b) and (±) 3-[2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-2-butanone (5) were shown to have antiulcer activities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Synthetic Route of C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Synthetic Route of C11H16O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Few-nm-sized, phase-pure Au₅Sn intermetallic nanoparticles: synthesis and characterization was written by Osugi, Satoshi;Takano, Shinjiro;Masuda, Shinya;Harano, Koji;Tsukuda, Tatsuya. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2021.Synthetic Route of C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

Nanoparticles of intermetallic compounds have attracted much interest because they can exhibit novel electronic and catalytic properties due to their specific crystal structure, ordered at. arrangement, and quantum effect. Here, gold-tin (AuSn) bimetallic nanoparticles with various mixing ratios were prepared by a co-reduction method using various protective agents (e.g., polymer, amine, phosphine, carboxylic acid, and thiol). Powder X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy revealed that few-nm-sized, phase-pure Au₅Sn intermetallic nanoparticles (IMNPs) were successfully synthesized when Au³⁺ and Sn²⁺ precursors with a ratio of 6 : 4 were co-reduced in the presence of oleylamine. The Au₅Sn IMNPs thus prepared did not exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance, in contrast to pure Au nanoparticles of comparable sizes. This suggests that interband transition dominates the optical response due to an increase in the d. of states near the Fermi level by introducing Sn. The Au₅Sn IMNPs supported on mesoporous silica (SBA-15) catalyzed the aerobic oxidation reaction of indanol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Synthetic Route of C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Synthetic Route of C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Studies of photochemistry of aromatic hydrocarbons. III. Formation of nitrophenols by the photochemical reaction of toluene in the presence of nitrogen monoxide and nitrophenols in rain was written by Nojima, Kazuhiro;Fukaya, Katsuhisa;Fukui, Shozo;Kanno, Saburo;Nishiyama, Shinichi;Wada, Yutaka. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 1976.Safety of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

Photoreaction of toluene with NO gives o-cresol, m-nitrotoluene, p-nitrophenol (I), 2-methyl-6-nitrophenol (II), 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol (III), and 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, all identified by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. Mass fragmentation anal. showed that I, II, and III are present in rain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Safety of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Safety of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cobalt-catalyzed cyclization of benzamides with alkynes: a facile route to isoquinolones with hydrogen evolution was written by Manoharan, Ramasamy;Jeganmohan, Masilamani. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2018.Application of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

The reaction of benzamides with alkynes assisted by an 8-aminoquinoline ligand in the presence of Co(OAc)₂·4H₂O and pivalic acid under an air atm. provided isoquinolone derivatives in good to excellent yields. In this reaction, the active Co(III) species is regenerated by the reaction of Co(I) species with pivalic acid under an air atm. with hydrogen evolution. The proposed mechanism was supported by competition experiments, deuterium labeling studies, radical scavenger experiments and kinetic studies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Application of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

An efficient synthesis of indole-2-acetic acid methyl esters: methyl 5-methoxyindole-2-acetate (1H-indole-2-acetic acid, 5-methoxy-, methyl ester) was written by Modi, Sandeep P.;Oglesby, R. Christopher;Archer, Sydney. And the article was included in Organic Syntheses in 1995.Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

A general synthetic method for the preparation in 3 steps of indole-2-acetic acid Me esters from o-nitrophenylacetic acids is described. The overall yields are 30-40% and the reactions can be carried out on a large scale. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and antitumor activity of A-ring modified hexacyclic analogs of camptothecin was written by Li, Dizao;Wang, Cunying;Pan, Xiandao;Liu, Hongyan;Fu, Zhaodi;Wu, Song. And the article was included in Yaoxue Xuebao in 2005.Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

The biol. activity of A-ring modified analogs of camptothecin was improved. A-ring modified camptothecins were synthesized from 10-hydroxycamptothecin or 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) in 3 or 4 steps. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay, and their in-vivo antitumor activity against mouse liver cancer H22 was tested. Five hexacyclic camptothecins are target compounds, and ten camptothecin derivatives are new compounds The modification of an 1,4-oxazin-2-one ring-fused with positions 9 and 10 of A-ring will reduce the antitumor activity of camptothecins. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Toward solvent-free continuous-flow electrochemically mediated carbon capture with high-concentration liquid quinone chemistry was written by Diederichsen, Kyle M.;Liu, Yayuan;Ozbek, Nil;Seo, Hyowon;Hatton, T. Alan. And the article was included in Joule in 2022.Product Details of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

The recent interest in electrochem. methods of carbon capture has thus far focused either on static adsorbent-type electrodes, which require complex gas distribution and release engineering, or aqueous flowing systems, which allow capture over large, distributed areas and release from a centralized point, but require large amounts of water. Here, we advance a concept for a flowing, electrochem. mediated carbon capture process by utilizing redox-active mols. that are liquid at room temperature, avoiding the need for large water feeds. To demonstrate the potential of this concept, we employed a liquid quinone sorbent with added glyme to aid in salt solubilization coupled to a ferrocene-derived counter electrolyte. We achieved good electrochem. stability and continuous capture and release of CO₂ in a full bench scale process. Our concept for continuous-flow electrochem. CO₂ capture suggests many areas for further study, particularly the need for novel cell concepts and designs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Product Details of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Product Details of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Direct Synthesis of Amides from Benzonitriles and Benzylic Alcohols via a KOt-Bu-Mediated MPV-type Hydrogen Transfer Process was written by Li, Gaolin;Li, Meichen;Xia, Zhen;Tan, Ze;Deng, Wei;Fang, Chen. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Application of 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV)-type reduction between benzonitriles and benzylic alcs. under transition-metal-free conditions has been demonstrated for the first time. Using simple KOt-Bu as the base, various benzonitriles can be efficiently reduced by benzylic alcs. via hydrogen transfer reduction, and the resultant Ph imine can react further with benzylic alcs. to give amides as the final product in which both the alcs. and the nitriles are incorporated. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicated that the reaction may go through multiple MPV-type hydrogen transfer processes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Application of 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application of 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem