Month: February 2023

Experimental and theoretical studies on the pyrolysis mechanism of β-1-type lignin dimer model compound was written by Jiang, Xiao-Yan;Lu, Qiang;Ye, Xiao-Ning;Hu, Bin;Dong, Chang-Qing. And the article was included in BioResources in 2016.Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

A β-1-type lignin dimer, 1,2-bis(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol was employed as a model compound in this study. The pyrolysis mechanisms and formation pathways of the pyrolytic products were investigated by using d. functional theory (DFT) calculations and anal. pyrolysis-gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Four possible initial pyrolysis mechanisms were proposed, including the C_α-C_β homolysis mechanism and three concerted decomposition mechanisms (1, 2, and 3). Results indicated that the lignin dimer decomposed via two concerted decomposition mechanisms, forming 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 1,3-dimethoxy-5-vinylbenzene, 3-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde, and 3-methoxybenzaldehyde. 3,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde was the major product, accounting for greater than 50% of all pyrolytic products. In addition to the two concerted decomposition mechanisms, C_α-C_β homolysis was a secondary pyrolysis mechanism during the lignin dimer pyrolysis process, and the pyrolytic products included 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl alc., 3,5-dimethoxyphenethyl alc., 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, and 1,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzene. A third concerted decomposition mechanism was judged to be the least likely pathway to occur because of the high activation energy requirement. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of ubiquinone derivatives as IDO1 inhibitors was written by Ding, Yuyang;Tang, Fei;Xue, Xiaoqian;Luo, Jinfeng;Hussain, Muzammal;Huang, Yanhui;Wang, Zhen;Jiang, Hao;Tu, Zhengchao;Zhang, Jiancun. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2019.Related Products of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, chronic viral infections and neurol. disorders characterized by pathol. immune stimulation. Herein, a series of known metal-chelating ubiquinone derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for the IDO1 inhibiting activities. The docking studies showed that the compounds I (R = Me or H, R¹ = Ph, 3-MeC₆H₅, 3-OMeC₆H₅, etc.) and coenzyme-Q1 exhibited different binding modes to IDO1 protein. Among these compounds, the most active compound is I (R = H, R¹ = 3-BrC₆H₅) with an IC₅₀ of 0.13 μM in enzymic assay. The results reveal that a possible halogen bonding interaction between the bromine atom (3-Br) and Cys129 significantly enhances the inhibition activity against IDO1. This study provides structural insights of the interactions between ubiquinone analogs and IDO1 protein for the further modification and optimization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Related Products of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Related Products of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bioactive Asarone-Derived Phenylpropanoids from the Rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott was written by Gao, En;Zhou, Zheng-Qun;Zou, Jian;Yu, Yang;Feng, Xiao-Lin;Chen, Guo-Dong;He, Rong-Rong;Yao, Xin-Sheng;Gao, Hao. And the article was included in Journal of Natural Products in 2017.COA of Formula: C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

Eight new (1a/1b (I,II), 2a, 3a, 4a/4b, and 5a/5b) and seven known (2b, 3b, and 6-10) asarone-derived phenylpropanoids, a known asarone-derived lignan (12), and four known lignan analogs (11) and (13-15) were isolated from the rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott. The structures were elucidated via comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, modified Mosher’s method, and quantum chem. calculations Compounds I-8 were present as enantiomers, and I-5 were successfully resolved via chiral-phase HPLC. Compounds I/II were the first cases of asarone-derived phenylpropanoids with an iso-Pr C-3 side-chain tethered to a benzene core from nature. Hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and AChE inhibitory activities of I-15 were assessed by the α-glucosidase inhibitory, ORAC, DPPH radical scavenging, and AChE inhibitory assays, resp. All compounds except 3a showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compound 3b has the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory effect with an IC₅₀ of 80.6 μM (pos. drug acarbose IC₅₀ of 442.4 μM). In the antioxidant assays, compounds 13-15 exhibited ORAC and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The results of the AChE inhibitory assay indicated that all compounds exhibited weak AChE inhibitory activities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3COA of Formula: C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.COA of Formula: C11H16O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Dehydrogenative Esterification and Dehydrative Etherification by Coupling of Primary Alcohols Based on Catalytic Function Switching of an Iridium Complex was written by Onoda, Mitsuki;Fujita, Ken-ichi. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2022.Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

In this study, a new catalytic function switching system: not only dehydrogenative esterification but also dehydrative etherification under environmentally friendly conditions were accomplished by the employment of a single iridium catalyst based on catalytic function switching was successfully developed. Using benzyl alc. as a starting material, the esterification product, benzyl benzoate, and the etherification product, dibenzyl ether, were obtained in 92% and 89% yields, resp., by employing same iridium catalyst precursor bearing a dihydroxybipyridine ligand, under optimized conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A highly stable and scalable photosynthetic reaction center-graphene hybrid electrode system for biomimetic solar energy transduction was written by Zhang, Haojie;Carey, Anne-Marie;Jeon, Ki-Wan;Liu, Minghui;Murrell, Travis D.;Locsin, Joshua;Lin, Su;Yan, Hao;Woodbury, Neal;Seo, Dong-Kyun. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2017.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

A photosynthetic reaction center (RC)-based electrode system is one of the most promising biomimetic approaches for solar energy transduction which is a renewable and environment-friendly source of energy. However, the instability of RCs in a non-cellular environment and the unfeasible scalability of electrode materials hamper the promising application of these systems. Herein, we report a highly stable and scalable RC-electrode system in which RCs are directly immobilized on a flexible and transparent mercapto reduced graphene oxide (mRGO) electrode. RCs immobilized on a mRGO film retain their photoactivity after twenty-week storage under darkness and even after 24 h continuous illumination at room temperature under aerobic conditions. The remarkable stability and mech. flexibility of our system offer great potential for the development of a flexible RC-based biomimetic device for solar energy transduction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Headspace analysis of ammonium nitrate variants and the effects of differing vapor profiles on canine detection was written by DeGreeff, Lauryn E.;Peranich, Kimberly. And the article was included in Forensic Chemistry in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Canines continue to be one of the most frequently deployed tool in the detection of explosives, and particularly homemade explosives (HMEs), in part, due to the ease in training to new HME materials as threats arise. The majority of HMEs encountered contain ammonium nitrate (AN), and previous research has measured the release of ammonia from AN, and found that the ammonia vapor concentration varies with form, purity, and environment, but this is has not been correlated to canine detection proficiency. In this research, the headspace anal. of AN variants was carried out using solid phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Ammonia vapor from the AN was extracted using on-fiber derivatization, while the presence of other volatiles in the headspace of these variants were also characterized by a traditional SPME extraction These results were correlated to canine testing, where canines previously trained in odor detection were provided laboratory-grade AN for odor imprinting, after which they were to locate other AN variants in a series of simple detection tasks. Headspace anal. showed variations in both the amount of ammonia as well as other volatile compounds in the headspace of the various AN samples, as well as changes in the vapor profiles due to changing environmental conditions. Canine data indicated that the differences in the headspace profiles of the samples may confound detection when canines were trained on laboratory-grade AN alone, while increased ammonia vapor availability from certain samples may have improved detection by this group of canines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Glucose transport-enhancing and hypoglycemic activity of 2-methyl-2-phenoxy-3-phenylpropanoic acids was written by Sarges, Reinhard;Hank, Richard F.;Blake, James F.;Bordner, Jon;Bussolotti, Donald L.;Hargrove, Diane M.;Treadway, Judith L.;Gibbs, E. Michael. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1996.SDS of cas: 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

A series of 2-phenoxy-3-phenylpropanoic acids has been prepared which contains many potent hypoglycemic agents as demonstrated by assessing glucose lowering in ob/ob mice. Some compounds normalize plasma glucose in this diabetic model at doses of approx. 1 mg/kg. The mechanism of action of these drugs may involve enhanced glucose transport, especially in fat cells, but the compounds do not stimulate GLUT4 translocation and do not increase the levels of GLUT1 or GLUT4 in vivo. Thus, these compounds may enhance the intrinsic activity of the glucose transporter GLUT1 or GLUT4. Some compounds also modestly decrease hepatocyte gluconeogenesis in vitro, but this is not likely to be a major contributor to the hypoglycemic effect observed in vivo. Likewise, a modest decrease in food consumption observed with some of these compounds was shown by a pair-feeding experiment not to be the primary cause of the hypoglycemia observed In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4SDS of cas: 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.SDS of cas: 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Solid Electrolyte Interphase Evolution on Lithium Metal in Contact with Glyme-Based Electrolytes was written by Nojabaee, Maryam;Kuester, Kathrin;Starke, Ulrich;Popovic, Jelena;Maier, Joachim. And the article was included in Small in 2020.Recommanded Product: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

The formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a prerogative for functional lithium metal batteries. Herein, the formation and evolution of such SEI in contact with glyme-based electrolytes is investigated under open circuit voltage and several constant current cycles. An important conclusion of the study is that LixSy species are nonbeneficial SEI components, compared to the Li3N counterpart. In addition, chem. (XPS, XPS) and electrochem. (impedance spectroscopy) evolution of SEI under galvanostatic conditions are comprehensively tracked. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Recommanded Product: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Anticotyledon factor: Competitive inhibitors of the action of dihydroconiferyl alcohol in stimulating gibberellic acid-induced lettuce hypocotyl elongation was written by Kamisaka, Seiichiro;Shibata, Kozo. And the article was included in Plant and Cell Physiology in 1977.Recommanded Product: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

The lettuce cotyledon factor, dihydroconiferyl alc., synergistically enhanced the stimulating effect of gibberellic acid (GA₃) on hypocotyl elongation of decotylized lettuce seedlings. The action of dihydroconiferyl alc. was inhibited by 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol, 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid, methyl p-methoxycinnamate, trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and synapic acid. Kinetic studies with Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated that these compounds were competitive inhibitors of dihydroconiferyl alc. These inhibitors were termed anticotyledon factors. The action of dihydroconiferyl alc. was not influenced by phenylalanine, tyrosine, p-coumaryl alc., and coniferyl alc. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Recommanded Product: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Recommanded Product: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Complex Relationship between Side-Chain Polarity, Conductivity, and Thermal Stability in Molecularly Doped Conjugated Polymers was written by Dong, Ban Xuan;Nowak, Christian;Onorato, Jonathan W.;Ma, Tengzhou;Niklas, Jens;Poluektov, Oleg G.;Grocke, Garrett;DiTusa, Mark F.;Escobedo, Fernando A.;Luscombe, Christine K.;Nealey, Paul F.;Patel, Shrayesh N.. And the article was included in Chemistry of Materials in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Molecularly doped conjugated polymers with polar side chains are an emerging class of conducting materials exhibiting enhanced and thermally stable conductivity Here, we study the electronic conductivity (σ) and the corresponding thermal stability of two polythiophene derivatives comprising oligoethylene glycol side chains: one having oxygen attached to the thiophene ring (poly(3-(methoxyethoxyethoxy)thiophene) (P3MEET)) and the other having a methylene spacer between the oxygen and the thiophene ring (poly(3-(methoxyethoxyethoxymethyl)thiophene) (P3MEEMT)). Thin films were vapor-doped with fluorinated derivatives of tetracyanoquinodimethane (F_nTCNQ, n = 4, 2, 1) to determine the role of dopant strength (electron affinity) in maximum achievable σ. Specifically, when vapor doping with F₄TCNQ, P3MEET achieved a substantially higher σ of 37.1 ± 10.1 S/cm compared to a σ of 0.82 ± 0.06 S/cm for P3MEEMT. Structural characterization using a combination of X-ray and optical spectroscopy reveals that the higher degree of conformational order of polymer chains in the amorphous domain upon doping with F₄TCNQ in P3MEET is a major contributing factor for the higher σ of P3MEET. Addnl., vapor-doped P3MEET exhibited superior thermal stability compared to P3MEEMT, highlighting that the presence of polar side chains alone does not ensure higher thermal stability. Mol. dynamics simulations indicate that the dopant-side-chain nonbond energy is lower in the P3MEET:F₄TCNQ mixture, suggesting more favorable dopant-side-chain interaction, which is a factor in improving the thermal stability of a polymer/dopant pair. Our results reveal that addnl. factors such as polymer ionization energy and side-chain-dopant interaction should be taken into account for the design of thermally stable, highly conductive polymers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem