Category: 112-49-2

Efficacy of stabilizing calcium battery electrolytes through salt-directed coordination change was written by Hahn, Nathan T.;McClary, Scott A.;Landers, Alan T.;Zavadil, Kevin R.. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry C in 2022.SDS of cas: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Achieving practical, high-energy-d. calcium batteries requires controlling the stability of Ca²⁺ electrolytes during calcium metal cycling. Because of the highly reactive nature of calcium, most typical electrolyte constituents are unstable, leading to electrode passivation and low Coulombic efficiency. Among various com. available salts, calcium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Ca(TFSI)₂) is attractive because of its oxidative stability and high solubility in a variety of solvents. However, this salt does not allow for calcium metal plating, and it has been proposed that TFSI^– instability induced by Ca²⁺ coordination is to blame. In this work, we test the ability of strongly coordinating Ca²⁺ cosalts such as halides and borohydrides to displace TFSI^– from the first coordination shell of Ca²⁺ and thereby stabilize TFSI-based electrolytes to enable calcium plating. Through spectroscopic anal., we find that the effectiveness of these cosalts at displacing the TFSI^– anion is dependent on the solvent’s coordination strength toward Ca²⁺. Surprisingly, electrochem. calcium deposition behavior is not correlated to the population of bound or free TFSI^–. Instead, the nature of the coordination interaction between Ca²⁺ and the cosalt anion is more important for determining stability. Our findings indicate that TFSI^– anions are inherently unstable during calcium deposition even in the nominally free state. Therefore, strategies aimed at eliminating the interactions of these anions with the electrode surface via interface/interphase design are required. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2SDS of cas: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.SDS of cas: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Electrochemical stability of glyme-based electrolytes for Li-O₂ batteries studied by in situ infrared spectroscopy was written by Horwitz, Gabriela;Calvo, Ernesto J.;Mendez De Leo, Lucila P.;de la Llave, Ezequiel. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2020.SDS of cas: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

In situ subtractively normalized Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (SNIFTIRS) experiments were performed simultaneously with electrochem. experiments relevant to Li-air battery operation on gold electrodes in two glyme-based electrolytes: diglyme (DG) and tetraglyme (TEGDME), tested under different operational conditions. The results show that TEGDME is intrinsically unstable and decomposes at potentials between 3.6 and 3.9 V vs. Li+/Li even in the absence of oxygen and lithium ions, while DG shows a better stability, and only decomposes at 4.0 V vs. Li+/Li in the presence of oxygen. The addition of water to the DG based electrolyte exacerbates its decomposition, probably due to the promotion of singlet oxygen formation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2SDS of cas: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.SDS of cas: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rationalizing calcium electrodeposition behavior by quantifying ethereal solvation effects on Ca²⁺ coordination in well-dissociated electrolytes was written by Driscoll, Darren M.;Dandu, Naveen K.;Hahn, Nathan T.;Seguin, Trevor J.;Persson, Kristin A.;Zavadil, Kevin R.;Curtiss, Larry A.;Balasubramanian, Mahalingam. And the article was included in Journal of the Electrochemical Society in 2020.Formula: C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

Ca-ion electrochem. systems have been pushed to the forefront of recent multivalent energy storage advances due to their use of earth-abundant redox materials and their high theor. specific densities in relation to monovalent or even other more widely explored multivalent-charge carriers. However, significant pitfalls in metal plating and stripping arise from electrolyte decomposition and can be related to the coordination environment around Ca²⁺ with both the neg. charged anion and the organic-aprotic solvent. In this study, we apply multiple spectroscopic techniques in conjunction with d. functional theory to evaluate the coordination environment of Ca²⁺ across a class of ethereal solvents. Through the combination of X-ray absorption fine structure and time-dependent d. functional theory, descriptive measures of the local geometry, coordination, and electronic structure of Ca-ethereal complexes provide distinct structural trends depending on the extent of the Ca²⁺-solvent interaction. Finally, we correlate these findings with electrochem. measurements of calcium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropoxy)borate (CaBHFIP₂) salts dissolved within this class of solvents to provide insight into the preferred structural configuration of Ca²⁺ electrolytic solutions for optimized electrochem. plating and stripping. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Formula: C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Formula: C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The effect of Mg morphology on the irregular behavior of the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance in Mg[N(CF3SO2)2]2/glyme solutions was written by Sagane, Fumihiro;Muramatsu, Akiya. And the article was included in Electrochemistry (Tokyo, Japan) in 2022.Synthetic Route of C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

Mg plating/stripping reaction in Mg[N(CF₃SO₂)₂]₂/glyme based solution is studied by electrochem. quartz crystal microbalance method. During the cyclic voltammetry, the apparent mass decrease is observed in spite of the neg. scan. The irregular response also appears in the Mg plating reaction with low constant c.d. apply. In the cases, Mg plating takes place locally and the size of each plating is relatively large of about 50娓璵. The cross-sectional image of the plated Mg is tree-like structure, i.e., the large Mg crystal connects to the substrate with small contact area. From the results, we conclude that the specific Mg morphol. causes the restoring force to the quartz substrate, resulting in the apparent mass decrease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Synthetic Route of C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers feature bent C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111鎺?and C閳ユ彊 distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C閳ユ彊 bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Synthetic Route of C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of trifluoromethyl ketones by nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of esters under a fluoroform/KHMDS/triglyme system was written by Fujihira, Yamato;Liang, Yumeng;Ono, Makoto;Hirano, Kazuki;Kagawa, Takumi;Shibata, Norio. And the article was included in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2021.Electric Literature of C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

A straightforward method that enables the formation of biol. attractive trifluoromethyl ketones RC(O)CF₃ (R = naphthalen-2-yl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-cyclohexylphenyl, etc.) from readily available Me esters RCOOCH₃ using the potent greenhouse gas fluorophore (HCF3, HFC-23) was developed. The combination of fluoroform and KHMDS in triglyme at -40鎺矯 was effective for this transformation, with good yields as high as 92%. Substrate scope of the trifluoromethylation procedure was explored for aromatic, aliphatic, and conjugated Me esters. This study presents a straightforward trifluoromethylation process of various Me esters that convert well to the corresponding trifluoromethyl ketones. The tolerance of various pharmacophores under the reaction conditions was also explored. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Electric Literature of C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Electric Literature of C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Prediction of CO₂ solubility in glymes and ionic liquids using modified generalized BWR EoS was written by Nishiumi, Hideo;Kodama, Daisuke. And the article was included in Fluid Phase Equilibria in 2022.Product Details of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Glymes or ionic liquids are considered excellent solvents for carbon capture because they are insoluble in the gas phase during CO₂ recovery. Hence, it is beneficial to predict the solubility of CO₂ in these solvents to plan appropriate experiments for achieving carbon neutrality. In this study, Joback’s simple group contribution method (Joback and Reid, Chem. Eng. Commun. 57 (1987) 233-243) was used to predict the effectivity of ionic liquids or glymes toward CO₂ dissolution Using this method, the fundamental and critical properties, such as critical temperature, critical pressure, critical molar volume, and acentric factor, were predicted. A binary interaction parameter, mij, which is necessary for calculating the solubility of CO₂ in glyme or an ionic liquid, was also predicted using the critical volume ratio, Vc,i/Vc,CO₂. Using the modified generalized BWR EoS, the value was best fitted at approx. 300 and 370 K. In general, the method proposed was effective in predicting the amount of CO₂ that will dissolve in an unknown ionic liquid, which is essential for achieving carbon neutrality. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Product Details of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Product Details of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Solvate ionic liquids based on lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-glyme systems: coordination in MD simulations with scaled charges was written by Thum, Andreas;Heuer, Andreas;Shimizu, Karina;Canongia Lopes, Jose Nuno. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2020.Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

Equimolar mixtures of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li[NTf₂]) with triglyme or tetraglyme (small oligoethers) are regarded as a new class of ionic liquids, the so-called solvate ionic liquids In these mixtures, the glyme mols. wrap around the lithium ions forming crown-ether like [Li(glyme)₁]⁺ complex cations. New mol. dynamics (MD) simulations suggest that the lithium-glyme coordination is stronger than that predicted in a former MD study, whereas lithium-NTf₂ connections are weaker. The differences between the present and the previous study arise from different starting conditions. Both studies employed charges scaled by a factor of 0.8. As shown by the comparison of MD simulations with and without reduced charges to experiments, charge scaling is necessary in order to obtain data close to exptl. results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Stable Dendrite-Free Sodium-Sulfur Batteries Enabled by a Localized High-Concentration Electrolyte was written by He, Jiarui;Bhargav, Amruth;Shin, Woochul;Manthiram, Arumugam. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2021.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Ambient-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries are an appealing, sustainable, and low-cost alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to their high material abundance and specific energy of 1274 W h kg^-1. However, their viability is hampered by Na polysulfide (NaPS) shuttling, Na loss due to side reactions with the electrolyte, and dendrite formation. Here, we demonstrate that a solid-electrolyte interphase rich in inorganic components can be realized at both the sulfur cathode and the Na anode by tweaking the solvation structure of the electrolyte. This transforms the sulfur redox process from conventional dissolution-precipitation chem. into a quasi-solid-state reaction, which eliminates NaPS shuttling and facilitates dendrite-free Na-metal plating and stripping. With the solvated ionic liquid electrolyte structure, a high initial capacity of 922 mA h g^-1 with a capacity fade of as low as 0.10% per cycle over 300 cycles was achieved. The scalability of this approach to pouch cells with practically necessary parameters demonstrates its potential for practical viability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Promoting reversible cathode reactions in magnesium rechargeable batteries using metastable cubic MgMn₂O₄ spinel nanoparticles was written by Kobayashi, Hiroaki;Samukawa, Kouta;Nakayama, Masanobu;Mandai, Toshihiko;Honma, Itaru. And the article was included in ACS Applied Nano Materials in 2021.Formula: C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

Magnesium rechargeable batteries are candidates for post-lithium-ion batteries owing to the low price and superior theor. volume energy d. of Mg anodes. As a promising cathode material, MgMn₂O₄ spinel has a high energy d. with a high operating voltage, and a relatively high ionic conductivity However, the tetragonal symmetry of MgMn₂O₄, originating from the Jahn-Teller effect of Mn³⁺ ions, causes irreversible structural changes during the charge/discharge process, leading to poor reversibility. We developed metastable cubic MgMn₂O₄ spinel nanoparticles using the hot-injection method under low-temperature solvothermal conditions. Compared to tetragonal MgMn₂O₄, its cubic phase exhibited a superior reversible capacity, both exptl. and theor., at room temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Formula: C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Formula: C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Few-nm-sized, phase-pure Au₅Sn intermetallic nanoparticles: synthesis and characterization was written by Osugi, Satoshi;Takano, Shinjiro;Masuda, Shinya;Harano, Koji;Tsukuda, Tatsuya. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2021.Synthetic Route of C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

Nanoparticles of intermetallic compounds have attracted much interest because they can exhibit novel electronic and catalytic properties due to their specific crystal structure, ordered at. arrangement, and quantum effect. Here, gold-tin (AuSn) bimetallic nanoparticles with various mixing ratios were prepared by a co-reduction method using various protective agents (e.g., polymer, amine, phosphine, carboxylic acid, and thiol). Powder X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy revealed that few-nm-sized, phase-pure Au₅Sn intermetallic nanoparticles (IMNPs) were successfully synthesized when Au³⁺ and Sn²⁺ precursors with a ratio of 6 : 4 were co-reduced in the presence of oleylamine. The Au₅Sn IMNPs thus prepared did not exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance, in contrast to pure Au nanoparticles of comparable sizes. This suggests that interband transition dominates the optical response due to an increase in the d. of states near the Fermi level by introducing Sn. The Au₅Sn IMNPs supported on mesoporous silica (SBA-15) catalyzed the aerobic oxidation reaction of indanol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Synthetic Route of C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Synthetic Route of C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem