Category: 2380-78-1

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Pterocarpus extracts was written by Cai, Mengke;Lv, Huangfei;Cao, Cong;Zhang, Liping;Cao, Rui;Xu, Bin. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Pterocarpus is one of the most widely used timber resources on the market. But the utilization rate has been low. In order to improve the utilization of Pterocarpus processing residue, as well as explore the reason of its good decay-resistance. In this study, the antifungal mechanism of Peterocarpes spp., aqueous extracts and ethanol extracts of three Pterocarpus species were studied. The antimicrobial active factors were analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. Italian poplar (Populus euramevicana cv. I-214) wood was immersed in the extracts and then inoculated with both Coriolus versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum. The antimicrobial properties of the extracts were studied, and the mechanism underlying these properties were analyzed using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the yield of ethanol extracts from the three Pterocarpus species was significantly higher than that of aqueous extracts Pterocarpus soyauxii and Pterocarpus macarocarpus produced the highest yield of ethanol extracts (28.59%) and aqueous extracts (14.31%), resp. With increasing concentrations, the antimicrobial activities of aqueous extracts of Pterocarpus angolensis and Pterocarpus macarocarpus gradually increased, while the antimicrobial activity of other extracts remained constant Gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry anal. identified a considerable number of phenols, ketones, amines, and aromatic compounds in all extracts, which is consistent with their antimicrobial activity and suggests synergism among the chems. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Molecular and metabolic effects of extra-virgin olive oil on the cardiovascular gene signature in rodents was written by Ruocco, Chiara;Ragni, Maurizio;Tedesco, Laura;Segala, Agnese;Servili, Maurizio;Riccardi, Gabriele;Carruba, Michele O.;Valerio, Alessandra;Nisoli, Enzo;Visioli, Francesco. And the article was included in Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases in 2022.Related Products of 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for degenerative diseases, including cardiometabolic disorders and cancer. Research on fat and fatty acids′ type is attracting less attention than that on carbohydrates. High adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a better prognosis. One characteristic of the Mediterranean diet is extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) as the foremost source of dietary fat. EVOO is different than other vegetable oils because it contains peculiar “minor” components, mainly phenolic in nature. Even though olive oil is highly caloric, unrestricted use of olive oil in the PREDIMED trial did not result in weight gain. We sought to study the effects of EVOO in an appropriate mouse model of increased body weight Furthermore, we explored the biochem. and metabolomic responses to EVOO consumption. C57BL/6N male mice were weight-matched and fed ad libitum with the following diets, for 16 wk: 1) saturated fatty acid diet (SFA) or 2) extra-virgin olive oil diet (EVOO), a custom-prepared diet, isocaloric compared to SFA, in which 82% of fat was replaced by high (poly)phenol EVOO. We evaluated glucose homeostasis, serum biochem. and plasma metabolomics, in addition to cardiac and hepatic gene profile, and mitochondrial respiration rate. Replacing saturated fatty acids (e.g. lard) with EVOO translates into moderate yet beneficial cardiometabolic and hepatic effects. Future research will further clarify the mechanisms of action of EVOO (poly)phenols and their role in a balanced diet. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Related Products of 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Related Products of 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Fractionation of Lignin with Decreased Heterogeneity: Based on a Detailed Characteristics Study of Sequentially Extracted Softwood Kraft Lignin was written by Liu, Rui;Smeds, Annika;Wang, Luyao;Pranovich, Andrey;Hemming, Jarl;Willfor, Stefan;Zhang, Hongbo;Xu, Chunlin. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2021.Product Details of 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Industrial lignin fractionation is attracting increasing interest due to its enormous potential in the development of high value-added materials. However, the widely reported fractionation approaches are primarily focused on the separation of fractions with a low polydispersity index (PDI). In this study, based on the detailed characteristic examination of carefully sequential-extracted softwood Kraft lignin fractions, a novel method to isolate lignin fraction with decreased heterogeneity (LGF-dh), was established in consideration of impurities, elemental composition, molar mass distribution, carbohydrate content, functional hydroxyl content, and the content of lignin-relevant aromatic units. To characterize the mentioned properties, an elemental analyzer, SEC-MALS, GC-MS, GC-FID, Py/GC-MS, ³¹P-NMR, and HSQC-NMR were used to compare the differences of the sequential lignin fractions that were obtained by Me tert-Bu ether (MTBE), Et acetate (EtOAc), ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH), acetone, and dioxane. Moreover, a practical and feasible three-step extraction process was proposed to sep. the low heterogeneity lignin fraction from industrial lignin according to the different solubilities of each fraction in the green cosolvent system of EtOH/water, MeOH/water, and acetone/water. Overall, this work presented a comprehensive study on the properties of softwood lignin as well as proposed a feasible and convenient method to reduce the heterogeneity of lignin, which would promote its valorization. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Product Details of 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Product Details of 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Deficit irrigation differently affects aroma composition in berries of Vitis vinifera L. (cvs Sangiovese and Merlot) grafted on two rootstocks was written by Palai, G.;Caruso, G.;Gucci, R.;D′Onofrio, C.. And the article was included in Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Water deficit modifies the concentration of the aroma compounds of grape berries, but little information is available on the effect of deficits applied at different phenol. stages. We evaluated the effect of deficit irrigation on glycosylated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) responsible for the aroma of berries of Sangiovese and Merlot cultivars grafted on 1103P or SO4 rootstocks. Vines were subjected to either pre- or post-veraison water stress, and berry composition compared against that of fruit of fully irrigated vines. At harvest, a higher concentration of glycosylated VOCs was measured in berries from vines stressed pre-veraison, but while it increased as water deficit increased in Sangiovese, this occurred only at a low or moderate level of stress in Merlot. Post-veraison water stress had a neg. or negligible effect on the concentration of glycosylated VOCs in berries at harvest. The rootstock affected the concentration of glycosylated VOCs, particularly in vines stressed pre-veraison, with higher glycosylated VOCs observed for SO4 grafted vines than for 1103P grafted vines. Pre-veraison water deficit enhanced the concentration of berry glycosylated VOCs, while post-veraison deficit did not. The rootstock-scion interaction might amplify the irrigation effect on berry glycosylated VOCs. Modifying the timing and volume of irrigation might allow management of berry flavor for improved fruit and wine composition Irrigation protocols should be tailored for specific cultivar-rootstock combinations. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Value-addition of wheat straw through acid treatment and pyrolysis of acid treated residues was written by Verma, Rameshwari;Verma, Santosh K.;Verma, Shekhar;Wang, Jia;Liu, Jianbo;Jing, Bei;Rakesh, K. P.. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2021.Related Products of 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Agricultural straw utilization has become a big concern in many countries with abundance of the production While different comprehensive utilization methods have been used for the bio-oil production, complete uses of the waste biomass into useful products need to be examined to reduce the environmental burdens of agricultural straw disposal. By deploying value addition of straw biomass, this article evaluates the two process for the complete utilization of straw including acid treatment into carbohydrates rich compounds and acid treated residue pyrolysis to phenolic and ketonic rich compounds Effects of intrinsic alk. and alk. earth metals on wheat straw pyrolysis behavior and product distribution investigated. Acid pickling was executed employing HCl, HF and HCl + HF solution Pyrolysis products of acid treated wheat straw were investigated. Fixed bed reaction results showed that acid pickling is beneficial to the production of liquid, the yield of liquid increased from 37.48 wt% raw wheat straw to 42.24 wt% wheat straw-HCl, 48.03 wt% wheat straw -HF, and 47.20 wt% wheat straw-HCl + HF. The relative content of compounds identified by GC/MS in bio-oil changed significantly after acid pickling. Sugar increased from 1.43% wheat straw to 25.27% wheat straw-HCl, 19.00% wheat straw-HF and 19.78% wheat straw-HCl + HF. Particularly, D-Allose, which has been increased from 0.19% wheat straw to 22.18% wheat straw-HCl, 7.22% wheat straw-HF, and 7.89% wheat straw-HCl + HF. These results provide evidence that the straw biomass has good potential to increase bioenergy production This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Related Products of 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Related Products of 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Antioxidant Additives Produced from Argan Shell Lignin Depolymerization was written by Afailal, Zainab;Gil-Lalaguna, Noemi;Torrijos, Maria Teresa;Gonzalo, Alberto;Arauzo, Jesus;Sanchez, Jose Luis. And the article was included in Energy & Fuels in 2021.Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The present work summarizes the results of an exptl. study focused on producing antioxidant additives for biofuels from argan shell lignin. The generation of this waste has noticeably increased in specific regions of Morocco as a result of the upward trend in the production of argan oil. Lignin extracted from argan shells via a semi-chem. pulping process was depolymerized under hydrothermal conditions in a stirred autoclave reactor at a temperature range of 250-350°C. Lignin conversion to phenolic compounds was conducted in subcritical water together with different reaction medium (H₂, CO₂, and HCOOH). The organic fraction in the aqueous liquid product was extracted and blended with biodiesel at a dosage of 1 wt % to evaluate its antioxidant potential. According to the obtained results, the biodiesel oxidation stability time was drastically improved up to 400%. The depolymerization temperature was observed as a critical factor in the antioxidant potential of the additives, showing a maximum value at 300°C, regardless of the reaction medium. An extensive characterization of the produced additives was performed. The phenolic monomers present in the produced additives were identified using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry, finding a notable presence of catechol, especially in the additives obtained at 300°C, which led to the best results of biodiesel oxidation stability. Gel permeation chromatog. analyses of the additives also showed a well dissolution of relatively big mols. (up to 7000 Da) in biodiesel. More efforts are required to verify the actual antioxidant potential of these types of mols. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Electrospray Ionization with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Lignomics: Lignin Mass Spectrum Deconvolution was written by Andrianova, Anastasia A.;Di Prospero, Thomas;Geib, Clayton;Smoliakova, Irina P.;Kozliak, Evguenii I.;Kubatova, Alena. And the article was included in Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry in 2018.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The capability to characterize lignin, lignocellulose, and their degradation products is essential for the development of new renewable feedstocks. Electrospray ionization high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-HR TOF-MS) method was developed expanding the lignomics toolkit while targeting the simultaneous detection of low and high mol. weight (MW) lignin species. The effect of a broad range of electrolytes and various ionization conditions on ion formation and ionization effectiveness was studied using a suite of mono-, di-, and triarene lignin model compounds as well as kraft alkali lignin. Contrary to the previous studies, the pos. ionization mode is more effective for methoxy-substituted arenes and polyphenols, i.e., species of a broadly varied MW structurally similar to the native lignin. For the first time, the authors report an effective formation of multiply charged species of lignin with the subsequent mass spectrum deconvolution in the presence of 100 mmol L^-1 formic acid in the pos. ESI mode. The developed method enabled the detection of lignin species with an MW between 150 and 9000 Da or higher, depending on the mass analyzer. The obtained M_n and M_w values of 1500 and 2500 Da, resp., were in good agreement with those determined by gel permeation chromatog. Furthermore, the deconvoluted ESI mass spectrum was similar to that obtained with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-HR TOF-MS, yet featuring a higher signal-to-noise ratio. The formation of multiply charged species was confirmed with ion mobility ESI-HR Q-TOF-MS. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Metabolic profiling of serum from dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism was written by Munoz-Prieto, Alberto;Rubic, Ivana;Horvatic, Anita;Rafaj, Renata Baric;Ceron, Jose Joaquin;Tvarijonaviciute, Asta;Mrljak, Vladimir. And the article was included in Research in Veterinary Science in 2021.Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in dogs characterized by excessive cortisol production caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting tumor, namely pituitary-dependent HAC (PDH) or cortisol-secreting adrenal tumor. Metabolomics presents the ability to identify small mol. metabolites. Thus, the use of metabolomics techniques in canine PDH can provide information about the pathophysiol. and metabolic changes in this disease. This study aimed to identify and compare differences in serum metabolites between dogs with PDH and healthy dogs. The metabolomic profile of 20 dogs diagnosed with PDH was compared with 20 healthy dogs using liquid chromatog./mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and metabolite discrimination was performed using partial least squares-discriminant anal. (PLS-DA), the variable important in projection (VIP) and fold changes (FC) group-wise comparisons. The hypergeometric test identified the significantly altered pathways. A total of 21 metabolites were found to be significantly different between the two groups. The major alterations were found in arachidonic and decanoic acid, and phospholipids related to phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). These metabolites are related to insulin resistance and other complications (i.e. hypertension). Our results indicate that PDH produces changes in serum metabolites of dogs, and the knowledge of these changes can aid to better understanding of pathophysiol. processes involved and contribute to potentially detect new biomarkers for this disease. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Conjugated Metabolites of Hydroxytyrosol and Tyrosol Contribute to the Maintenance of Nitric Oxide Balance in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells at Physiologically Relevant Concentrations was written by Serreli, Gabriele;Le Sayec, Melanie;Diotallevi, Camilla;Teissier, Alice;Deiana, Monica;Corona, Giulia. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling mol. involved in many pathophysiol. processes. NO mediates vasodilation and blood flow in the arteries, and its action contributes to maintaining vascular homeostasis by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction and growth, platelet aggregation, and leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Dietary antioxidants and their metabolites have been found to be directly and/or indirectly involved in the modulation of the intracellular signals that lead to the production of NO. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of conjugated metabolites of hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (TYR) to the release of NO at the vascular level, and the related mechanism of action, in comparison to their parental forms. Experiments were performed in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) to evaluate the superoxide production, the release of NO and production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), the activation of serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (Akt1), and the activation state of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). It was observed that the tested phenolic compounds enhanced NO and cGMP concentration, inhibiting its depletion caused by superoxide overproduction Moreover, some of them enhanced the activation of Akt (TYR, HT metabolites) and eNOS (HT, HVA, TYR-S, HT-3S). Overall, the obtained data showed that these compounds promote NO production and availability, suggesting that HT and TYR conjugated metabolites may contribute to the effects of parental extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenolics in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Toxicity evaluation of olive oil mill wastewater and its polar fraction using multiple whole-organism bioassays was written by Babic, Sanja;Malev, Olga;Pflieger, Maryline;Lebedev, Albert T.;Mazur, Dmitry M.;Kuzic, Anita;Coz-Rakovac, Rozelindra;Trebse, Polonca. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2019.Synthetic Route of C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) as a byproduct of olive oil extraction process has significant polluting properties mainly related to high organic load, increased COD/BOD ratio, high phenolic content and relatively acidic pH. Raw OMW from Slovenian Istria olive oil mill and its polar fraction were investigated in this study. Chem. characterization of OMW polar fraction identified tyrosol as the most abundant phenolic product, followed by catechol. Lethal and sub-lethal effects of OMW matrix and its polar fraction were tested using a battery of bioassays with model organisms: bacteria Vibrio fischeri, algae Chlorella vulgaris, water fleas Daphnia magna, zebrafish Danio rerio embryos, clover Trifolium repens and wheat Triticum aestivum. Raw OMW sample was the most toxic to V. fischeri (EC₅₀ = 0.24% of OMW sample final concentration), followed by D. magna (EC₅₀ = 1.43%), C. vulgaris (EC₅₀ = 5.20%), D. rerio (EC₅₀ = 7.05%), seeds T. repens (EC₅₀ = 8.68%) and T. aestivum (EC₅₀ = 11.58%). Similar toxicity trend was observed during exposure to OMW polar fraction, showing EC₅₀ values 2.75-4.11 times lower comparing to raw OMW. Tested samples induced also sub-acute effects to clover and wheat (decreased roots, sprouts elongation); and to zebrafish embryos (increased mortality, higher abnormality rate, decreased hatching and pigmentation formation rate). A comprehensive approach using a battery of bioassays, like those used in this study should be applied during ecotoxicity monitoring of untreated and treated OMW. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Synthetic Route of C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Synthetic Route of C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem