Category: 2380-78-1

Hydrothermal Depolymerization of Kraft Lignins with Green C₁-C₃ Alcohol-Water Mixtures was written by Guo, Ming;Maltari, Riku;Zhang, Rui;Kontro, Jussi;Ma, Enlu;Repo, Timo. And the article was included in Energy & Fuels in 2021.Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Lignin is a potential renewable raw material for synthesis of aromatic mols. and materials. Particularly, Kraft-type lignins are abundantly available as a byproduct of wood and paper industries. Currently, there are practically no valuable products made using this highly complex polymer. Within this work, we have investigated the straightforward, high-yield depolymerization of two different tech. lignins (Indulin AT and alk. lignin) using only a mixture of green short-chain (C₁-C₃) alcs. and water as solvents. As shown here, at a temperature of 220°C, autogenous pressure, and isopropanol/water as a co-solvent medium, it is possible to cleave Kraft lignin without char-forming side reactions. The obtained so-called “light” oil contains guaiacol-based monomeric units of 23 wt % yield together with liquid oligomers of 13 wt % yield combining liquid-liquid and solid-liquid extraction Two-dimensional NMR anal. of lignin residues showed that the isopropanol/water treatment caused a marked breakdown of the intermol. β-O-4 and β-β bonds; thus, the depolymerization produced monomers and lignin residues with lower mol. weight The results suggested a synergistic effect between isopropanol and water. No sign of repolymn. reactions could be observed with this process. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ultrafine grinding of poplar biomass: effect of particle morphology on the liquefaction of biomass for methyl glycosides and phenolics was written by Zhai, Qiaolong;Li, Fanglin;Wang, Fei;Feng, Junfeng;Jiang, Jianchun;Xu, Junming. And the article was included in Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This paper shows that mech. ultrafine grinding of poplar wood is an efficient pretreatment approach to enhance its reactivity during liquefaction. The microstructural features and chem. properties of biomass samples with different particle morphol. were studied. In particular, we found that more cellulose and hemicellulose were exposed on the outer surface of the ultrafine powder (cellular scale of plant) and the crystal lattice structure of cellulose was significantly damaged. As a result, the degree of liquefaction reached 92.03% at 180° using UP feedstock, largely exceeding the value (53.35%) obtained at the same temperature using PS0.25. Two groups of value-added chems., namely phenolics and Me glycosides were obtained during liquefaction. At 180°C, the yields of Me glycosides and phenolics obtained from an UP feedstock were, resp., 28.45% and 10.17% higher than those obtained from the PS0.25. In addition, a high degree of liquefaction (> 90%) could be obtained at a temperature 40° lower than the one required by PS0.25, greatly reducing the occurrence of side reactions and improving the purity of target products. Overall, the mech. fragmentation of biomass at cellular scale is a promising pretreatment method allowing high valorization of the entire biomass. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1

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Potential use of corn leaf waste for biofuel production in Jordan (physio-chemical study) was written by Amer, Mohammad W.;Aljariri Alhesan, Jameel S.;Ibrahim, Sawsan;Qussay, Ghadeer;Marshall, Marc;Al-Ayed, Omar S.. And the article was included in Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2021.Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The increase in energy demand, especially in Jordan, has encouraged researchers to consider alternative sources of energy, such as biofuel production from agricultural waste. For this study, Jordanian corn leaf waste was characterized by ultimate and proximate anal., TGA, FTIR and solid state 13C NMR. The waste showed high volatile matter, high at. H/C ratio and high O content. The corn leaf waste contained 32.1 wt% cellulose, 18.1 wt% hemicelluloses and 11.9 wt% lignin. The FTIR and 13C NMR spectrums showed high concentrations of aliphatic and carbonyl carbon. The corn leaf waste was pyrolyzed in a temperature range of 300-450°C under a constant flow rate of nitrogen. Higher oil yield was obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 450°C. The gas yield and higher heating value of the product increased as the temperature increased, whereas the water content decreased. The biofuels were rich in carbon and had a high oxygen content, which decreased as the temperature increased. The 1H NMR confirmed the markedly aliphatic character of the biofuel. The GC-MS for the biofuel indicated the presence of hydrocarbon series, large amounts of oxygenated compounds and a few nitrogen and sulfur compounds The simulated distillation showed a high proportion of diesel fraction (57-73%). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

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Alkali-catalyzed liquefaction of pinewood sawdust in ethanol/water co-solvents was written by Hu, Yulin;Gu, Zicheng;Li, Wenbin;Xu, Chunbao. And the article was included in Biomass and Bioenergy in 2020.Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, pinewood sawdust was liquefied in either ethanol/water co-solvents (50/50, weight/weight) or pure water at 300°C for 30 min and 10 wt% of feedstock loading, with or without the use of Na₂CO₃ or NaOH as a catalyst. The phys. and chem. properties of liquefaction products (bio-crude oil and solid residue) were comprehensively characterized by FT-IR, GC-MS, elemental, GPC and TGA analyses. The results showed that the highest biomass conversion of approx. 98% was obtained in ethanol/water mixed solvents and without catalyst, along with a maximum yield of bio-crude oil (∼48 wt%). The HHV of crude oil was within the range of 26-30 MJ/kg. The results indicated that the beneficial effect of ethanol on the bio-crude oil yield might be compromised by adding Na₂CO₃ or NaOH into the liquefaction system under investigated reaction conditions. As suggested by GPC anal., the bio-crude oil obtained in ethanol/water co-solvents from both non-catalytic and catalytic liquefaction contained a slightly higher mol. weight than that obtained in pure water. Addnl., TGA results indicated that the b.p. distribution of bio-crude oil was only affected by ethanol addition, whereas, the effect of the catalyst was found to be minor. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

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Evolution of sulfur during fast pyrolysis of sulfonated Kraft lignin was written by Han, Tong;Sophonrat, Nanta;Evangelopoulos, Panagiotis;Persson, Henry;Yang, Weihong;Joensson, Paer. And the article was included in Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis in 2018.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Sulfonated Kraft lignin, the most available com. lignin of today, has high sulfur content due to the extraction and the subsequent sulfonation processes. In this work, the evolution of sulfur during fast pyrolysis of sulfonated Kraft lignin has been studied. Fast Pyrolysis experiments have been done using Py-GC/MS. It is found that main sulfur-containing products in the pyrolytic vapors are present as the following small mol. compounds: H₂S, SO₂, CH₃SH, CH₃SCH₃, and CH₃SSCH₃. This indicates that sulfur-containing radicals preferentially combine with the other small radicals such as ·H and ·CH₃ during fast pyrolysis process. Sulfur is suggested to be mainly present as sulfite (-SO^–₃) and sulfide (-S-) in the sulfonated Kraft lignin. Sulfite that is incorporated into lignin during the sulfonation process mainly result in the formation of SO₂. The nature of the sulfur links created during the Kraft pulping process is difficult to determine, but they are supposed to mainly exist in form of sulfide (-S-) bonds, which lead to the formation of H₂S, CH₃SH, CH₃SCH₃ and CH₃SSCH₃. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Lignin-to-Liquid-Solvolysis (LtL) of Organosolv Extracted Lignin was written by Loehre, Camilla;Laugerud, Gro-Anita Aakre;Huijgen, Wouter J. J.;Barth, Tanja. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2018.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as a future energy source is a research field of widespread growth. The lignin fraction has potential as a renewable resource to provide building blocks for the chem. industry and is the most prominent source of bio-based aromatics Lignin, combined with formic acid and water under high temperature and pressure, is converted to a bio-oil rich in alkylated phenols and aliphatic hydrocarbons in a unique conversion process termed the LtL-process (lignin-to-liquid). In this work, this conversion technique has shown to be applicable to a variety of lignins, with organosolv extracted lignin as the main focus because of its high purity. The organosolv lignins appeared to be well suited for LtL-conversion generating higher yields of bio-oil than a lignin-rich residue from enzymic hydrolysis. 31P-NMR and GC-MS showed that the O/C ratios of the bio-oils decreases with increasing reaction temperature during LtL-solvolysis due to a decrease in methoxylated phenols and an increase in phenols with no methoxy substituent. This was verified by partial least squares (PLS) regression anal. and elemental anal. of the feedstocks and resulting bio-oils, from which an effective hydrodeoxygenation during LtL-conversion was evident too. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
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Production and characterization of bio-oil and biochar from ablative pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass residues was written by Khuenkaeo, Nattawut;Tippayawong, Nakorn. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Communications in 2020.Reference of 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Agricultural residues are one of the large untapped sources of bio-energy in Thailand, with over 30 million tons available per yr. They may be utilized to generate renewable liquid and solid fuels. In this work, pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass residues (corncobs, coconut shells, and bamboo residue) was carried out in an ablative pyrolysis reactor with rotating blades. Influences of inert carrier gas flows (5-15 L/min) and rotating frequency (4-8 Hz) at a fixed hot plate temperature of 500 °C on generating bio-oil were investigated. Characterization of bio-oil as well as biochar products was performed. Maximum bio-oil yield was found to be about 50% weight/weight for coconut shell at 5 L/min of flowrate and 8 Hz of the rotating frequency, and 45% weight/weight for bamboo residues at the same condition. For corncob, the highest bio-oil yield was 72% weight/weight at 5 L/min of flowrate and 6 Hz of the rotating frequency. Solid char yields were around 23-28% weight/weight The heating values of the liquid oil and solid char were about 20-25 and 23-30 MJ/kg, resp. Rotating blade ablative reactor was able to generate high yields of bio-oil for agricultural residues. The main compounds of the bio-oil obtained were phenolics, including furfuran, organic acids, aldehydes, alcs., ethers, and ketones. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Reference of 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Reference of 2380-78-1

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A comparative study of pyrolysis liquids by slow pyrolysis of industrial hemp leaves, hurds and roots was written by Salami, Ayobami;Heikkinen, Jorma;Tomppo, Laura;Hyttinen, Marko;Kekalainen, Timo;Janis, Janne;Vepsalainen, Jouko;Lappalainen, Reijo. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Reference of 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study assessed the pyrolysis liquids obtained by slow pyrolysis of industrial hemp leaves, hurds, and roots. The liquids recovered between a pyrolysis temperature of 275-350°C, at two condensation temperatures 130°C and 70°C, were analyzed. Aqueous and bio-oil pyrolysis liquids were produced and analyzed by proton NMR (NMR), gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and atm. pressure photoionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (APPI FT-ICR MS). NMR revealed quant. concentrations of the most abundant compounds in the aqueous fractions and compound groups in the oily fractions. In the aqueous fractions, the concentration range of acetic acid was 50-241 gL-1, methanol 2-30 gL-1, propanoic acid 5-20 gL-1, and 1-hydroxybutan-2-one 2 gL-1. GC-MS was used to compare the compositions of the volatile compounds and APPI FT-ICR MS was utilized to determine the most abundant higher mol. weight compounds The different obtained pyrolysis liquids (aqueous and oily) had various volatile and nonvolatile compounds such as acetic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 2-methoxyphenol, and cannabidiol. This study provides a detailed understanding of the chem. composition of pyrolysis liquids from different parts of the industrial hemp plant and assesses their possible economic potential. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Reference of 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Reference of 2380-78-1

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Depolymerization of alkaline lignin over mesoporous KF/γ-Al₂O₃ was written by Guan, Yinshuang;Zhao, Wei;Liu, Kaishuai;Guo, Tiantian;Wang, Dingkai;Cui, Mingyu;Fu, Shuiyuan;Fan, Xing;Wei, Xianyong. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2020.COA of Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

As a kind of biomass resource, lignin is the only natural renewable resource that can provide abundant aromatic compounds, which is undoubtedly considered as the best candidate to produce value-added chems. by lignin depolymerization Thus, it is of great significance to develop approaches that are able to accommodate the complex structure of lignin. Herein, an efficient depolymerization method is implemented in methanol using a mesoporous solid superbase KF/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. Research shows that the depolymerization of lignin is not obvious below the critical temperature of methanol, and the conversion of lignin increases significantly above the critical temperature, which can reach 60.6% at 270°C. Phenols and methoxy-substituted monocyclic aromatic compounds are predominant in the liquid products acquired by gas chromatog./mass spectrometry. Furthermore, oligomers were analyzed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization. It is found that the mol. mass of the oligomers varied between 200 and 600 Da, the degree of unsaturation is mainly 4 and 8 with 1-2 aromatic rings, and the carbon number is found to be within the range of 15-30. It is speculated that the oligomers are mainly monophenyl or biphenyl compounds containing branched chains. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1COA of Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.COA of Formula: C9H12O3

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Facile Fabrication of Oxidation-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Effective Anticancer Drug Delivery was written by Huang, Yamei;Chen, Qiubing;Ma, Panpan;Song, Heliang;Ma, Xiaoqian;Ma, Ya;Zhou, Xin;Gou, Shuangquan;Xu, Zhigang;Chen, Jiucun;Xiao, Bo. And the article was included in Molecular Pharmaceutics in 2019.Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly overproduced in cancerous tissues, and thus oxidation-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising drug carrier for cancer-targeted drug delivery. In this study, we successfully synthesized poly(vanillyl alc.-co-oxalate) (PVAX) polymer with an excellent ROS-responsive capacity. A well-established emulsion-solvent evaporation method was used to fabricate PVAX-based curcumin (CUR)-loaded NPs (PVAX-NPs) and their counterparts (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based CUR-loaded NPs, PLGA-NPs). It was found that these NPs had a hydrodynamic particle size of approx. 245 nm, narrow size distribution (polydispersity index less than 0.1), neg. zeta potential (around -18 mV), smooth surface appearance, and high drug encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, we found that the CUR release rate of PVAX-NPs was greatly increased in the presence of a hydrogen peroxide-rich environment due to the cleavage of polyoxalate ester bonds in PVAX polymer, resulting in the evenly distribution of CUR within the whole cancer cells. More importantly, PVAX-NPs exhibited much stronger anticancer activities and pro-apoptotic capacities than PLGA-NPs both in vitro and in vivo. These results clearly demonstrate that these ROS-responsive PVAX-NPs can be exploited as a robust anticancer drug delivery platform in chemotherapy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Formula: C9H12O3

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Ether – Wikipedia,
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