Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Solid Electrolyte Interphase Evolution on Lithium Metal in Contact with Glyme-Based Electrolytes was written by Nojabaee, Maryam;Kuester, Kathrin;Starke, Ulrich;Popovic, Jelena;Maier, Joachim. And the article was included in Small in 2020.Recommanded Product: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

The formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a prerogative for functional lithium metal batteries. Herein, the formation and evolution of such SEI in contact with glyme-based electrolytes is investigated under open circuit voltage and several constant current cycles. An important conclusion of the study is that LixSy species are nonbeneficial SEI components, compared to the Li3N counterpart. In addition, chem. (XPS, XPS) and electrochem. (impedance spectroscopy) evolution of SEI under galvanostatic conditions are comprehensively tracked. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Recommanded Product: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Glucose transport-enhancing and hypoglycemic activity of 2-methyl-2-phenoxy-3-phenylpropanoic acids was written by Sarges, Reinhard;Hank, Richard F.;Blake, James F.;Bordner, Jon;Bussolotti, Donald L.;Hargrove, Diane M.;Treadway, Judith L.;Gibbs, E. Michael. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1996.SDS of cas: 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

A series of 2-phenoxy-3-phenylpropanoic acids has been prepared which contains many potent hypoglycemic agents as demonstrated by assessing glucose lowering in ob/ob mice. Some compounds normalize plasma glucose in this diabetic model at doses of approx. 1 mg/kg. The mechanism of action of these drugs may involve enhanced glucose transport, especially in fat cells, but the compounds do not stimulate GLUT4 translocation and do not increase the levels of GLUT1 or GLUT4 in vivo. Thus, these compounds may enhance the intrinsic activity of the glucose transporter GLUT1 or GLUT4. Some compounds also modestly decrease hepatocyte gluconeogenesis in vitro, but this is not likely to be a major contributor to the hypoglycemic effect observed in vivo. Likewise, a modest decrease in food consumption observed with some of these compounds was shown by a pair-feeding experiment not to be the primary cause of the hypoglycemia observed In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4SDS of cas: 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.SDS of cas: 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Headspace analysis of ammonium nitrate variants and the effects of differing vapor profiles on canine detection was written by DeGreeff, Lauryn E.;Peranich, Kimberly. And the article was included in Forensic Chemistry in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Canines continue to be one of the most frequently deployed tool in the detection of explosives, and particularly homemade explosives (HMEs), in part, due to the ease in training to new HME materials as threats arise. The majority of HMEs encountered contain ammonium nitrate (AN), and previous research has measured the release of ammonia from AN, and found that the ammonia vapor concentration varies with form, purity, and environment, but this is has not been correlated to canine detection proficiency. In this research, the headspace anal. of AN variants was carried out using solid phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Ammonia vapor from the AN was extracted using on-fiber derivatization, while the presence of other volatiles in the headspace of these variants were also characterized by a traditional SPME extraction These results were correlated to canine testing, where canines previously trained in odor detection were provided laboratory-grade AN for odor imprinting, after which they were to locate other AN variants in a series of simple detection tasks. Headspace anal. showed variations in both the amount of ammonia as well as other volatile compounds in the headspace of the various AN samples, as well as changes in the vapor profiles due to changing environmental conditions. Canine data indicated that the differences in the headspace profiles of the samples may confound detection when canines were trained on laboratory-grade AN alone, while increased ammonia vapor availability from certain samples may have improved detection by this group of canines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A highly stable and scalable photosynthetic reaction center-graphene hybrid electrode system for biomimetic solar energy transduction was written by Zhang, Haojie;Carey, Anne-Marie;Jeon, Ki-Wan;Liu, Minghui;Murrell, Travis D.;Locsin, Joshua;Lin, Su;Yan, Hao;Woodbury, Neal;Seo, Dong-Kyun. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2017.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

A photosynthetic reaction center (RC)-based electrode system is one of the most promising biomimetic approaches for solar energy transduction which is a renewable and environment-friendly source of energy. However, the instability of RCs in a non-cellular environment and the unfeasible scalability of electrode materials hamper the promising application of these systems. Herein, we report a highly stable and scalable RC-electrode system in which RCs are directly immobilized on a flexible and transparent mercapto reduced graphene oxide (mRGO) electrode. RCs immobilized on a mRGO film retain their photoactivity after twenty-week storage under darkness and even after 24 h continuous illumination at room temperature under aerobic conditions. The remarkable stability and mech. flexibility of our system offer great potential for the development of a flexible RC-based biomimetic device for solar energy transduction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Dehydrogenative Esterification and Dehydrative Etherification by Coupling of Primary Alcohols Based on Catalytic Function Switching of an Iridium Complex was written by Onoda, Mitsuki;Fujita, Ken-ichi. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2022.Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

In this study, a new catalytic function switching system: not only dehydrogenative esterification but also dehydrative etherification under environmentally friendly conditions were accomplished by the employment of a single iridium catalyst based on catalytic function switching was successfully developed. Using benzyl alc. as a starting material, the esterification product, benzyl benzoate, and the etherification product, dibenzyl ether, were obtained in 92% and 89% yields, resp., by employing same iridium catalyst precursor bearing a dihydroxybipyridine ligand, under optimized conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bioactive Asarone-Derived Phenylpropanoids from the Rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott was written by Gao, En;Zhou, Zheng-Qun;Zou, Jian;Yu, Yang;Feng, Xiao-Lin;Chen, Guo-Dong;He, Rong-Rong;Yao, Xin-Sheng;Gao, Hao. And the article was included in Journal of Natural Products in 2017.COA of Formula: C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

Eight new (1a/1b (I,II), 2a, 3a, 4a/4b, and 5a/5b) and seven known (2b, 3b, and 6-10) asarone-derived phenylpropanoids, a known asarone-derived lignan (12), and four known lignan analogs (11) and (13-15) were isolated from the rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott. The structures were elucidated via comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, modified Mosher’s method, and quantum chem. calculations Compounds I-8 were present as enantiomers, and I-5 were successfully resolved via chiral-phase HPLC. Compounds I/II were the first cases of asarone-derived phenylpropanoids with an iso-Pr C-3 side-chain tethered to a benzene core from nature. Hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and AChE inhibitory activities of I-15 were assessed by the α-glucosidase inhibitory, ORAC, DPPH radical scavenging, and AChE inhibitory assays, resp. All compounds except 3a showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compound 3b has the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory effect with an IC₅₀ of 80.6 μM (pos. drug acarbose IC₅₀ of 442.4 μM). In the antioxidant assays, compounds 13-15 exhibited ORAC and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The results of the AChE inhibitory assay indicated that all compounds exhibited weak AChE inhibitory activities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3COA of Formula: C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.COA of Formula: C11H16O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Finely dispersed AgPd bimetallic nanoparticles on a polydopamine modified metal organic framework for diverse catalytic applications was written by Mishra, Biswajit;Ghosh, Dibyajyoti;Tripathi, Bijay P.. And the article was included in Journal of Catalysis in 2022.Application of 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

An efficiently supported noble metal-based heterogeneous catalyst with ultrafine dispersion and small size for multifunctional catalysis and pollutant degradation is highly desirable. In this work, a polydopamine modified-MOF (MIL-125-NH₂) template has been used to synthesize ultrafine silver-palladium (AgPd) bimetallic nanoparticles. The characterization results confirm the formation of well-dispersed ultrafine bimetallic nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution (2.2 ± 0.3 nm). The prepared catalyst exhibits excellent heterogeneous catalytic activity with high turnover frequency in batch and continuous nitrophenol reduction, aldehyde hydrogenation, formic acid dehydrogenation (in the presence of additive sodium formate), and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction at ambient conditions. Moreover, its high stability makes it a durable catalyst system for multicycle use after recycling or in a continuous flow reactor. The rate of hydrogen production using AgPd@MIL-125-NH₂-PDA is many orders of magnitude higher than that of uncoated and monometallic (Ag or Pd) nanoparticles on MOF. Addnl., d. functional theory (DFT) calculations provide an insight mechanism for each FA dehydrogenation step and show that the bimetallic nanoparticle on PDA coated MOF has better selectivity towards FA dehydrogenation by following a lower energy path for hydrogen desorption. These findings highlight the advantages of rational template modification in synthesizing finer bimetallic nanoparticles, which can open up many new avenues for designing metal nanoparticle-MOF-based composite materials for a variety of potential applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Application of 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application of 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Using a Chloride-Free Magnesium Battery Electrolyte to Form a Robust Anode-Electrolyte Nanointerface was written by Horia, Raymond;Nguyen, Dan-Thien;Eng, Alex Yong Sheng;Seh, Zhi Wei. And the article was included in Nano Letters in 2021.COA of Formula: C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

Magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide) (Mg(HMDS)₂)-based electrolytes are compelling candidates for rechargeable magnesium batteries due to their high compatibility with magnesium metal anode. However, the usual combination of Mg(HMDS)₂ with chloride salts limits their practical application due to severe corrosion of cell components and low anodic stability. Herein, we report for the first time, a chloride-free Mg(HMDS)₂-based electrolyte in 1,2-dimethoxyethane. By chem. controlling the moisture content using tetrabutylammonium borohydride as a moisture scavenger, the electrolyte demonstrates outstanding electrochem. performance in magnesium plating/stripping, with an average Coulombic efficiency of 98.3% over 150 cycles, and is noncorrosive to cell components. Surface anal. and depth profiling of the magnesium metal anode reveals the formation of a robust solid electrolyte interphase at the anode-electrolyte nanointerface, which allows magnesium plating/stripping to occur reversibly. The electrolyte also demonstrates good compatibility with a copper sulfide nanomaterial cathode, which exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 261.5 mAh g^-1. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2COA of Formula: C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.COA of Formula: C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A General Method to Diverse Cinnolines and Cinnolinium Salts was written by Zhao, Dongbing;Wu, Qian;Huang, Xiaolei;Song, Feijie;Lv, Taiyong;You, Jingsong. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2013.Quality Control of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne This article mentions the following:

Cinnolines and cinnolinium salts represent pharmaceutically and biol. important structures with anticancer, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antiparasitic, trypanocidal, and foliar herbicide activities as well as structural motifs with optical and luminescent characteristics. In this work, a highly efficient and general method to create both cinnoline and cinnolinium frameworks through the rhodium(III)-catalyzed oxidative C-H activation/cyclization of azo compounds with alkynes has been developed which exhibits an unprecedented capacity to install versatile functional groups at various positions of the cinnoline ring. The catalytic protocol could be also extended to synthesize polycyclic cinnolinium salts, e.g., I (X-rays single crystal structure shown), through twice ortho-directed C-H activation and cyclization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Quality Control of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Quality Control of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rhodium-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of (2-Arylphenyl)boronic Acids with Alkynes: Selective Synthesis of Phenanthrene Derivatives was written by Nagata, Tomoya;Satoh, Tetsuya;Nishii, Yuji;Miura, Masahiro. And the article was included in Synlett in 2016.Computed Properties of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

A rhodium-catalyzed annulative coupling of (2-arylphenyl)boronic acids with alkynes has been developed for the facile construction of phenanthrene frameworks. The reaction proceeded without external bases, and dioxygen worked as a terminal oxidant. Deuterium-labeling experiments indicated the involvement of five-membered rhodacycle intermediates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Computed Properties of C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Computed Properties of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem