Tag: 100-200

Correlation and Prediction of Environmental Properties of Alcohol Ethoxylate Surfactants Using the UNIFAC Method was written by Cheng, Hongyuan;Kontogeorgis, Georgios M.;Stenby, Erling H.. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2005.Recommanded Product: 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Environmental properties of one type of nonionic surfactants, the alc. ethoxylates (polyoxyethylene alcs.), are predicted using the UNIFAC (universal quasi-chem. functional group activity coefficient) method. Various properties are considered; the octanol-water partition coefficient (K_ow), the bioconcentration factor (BCF), and the toxicity. K_ow values of alc. ethoxylates are difficult to measure. Existing methods such as those in com. software like ACD,¹³ ClogP,¹⁴ and KowWin¹⁵ have not been applied to surfactants, and they fail for heavy alc. ethoxylates (alkyl carbon numbers above 12). Thus, the K_ow values are predicted here via UNIFAC and compared to the few available exptl. data. Based on the predicted K_ow values, a correlation between K_ow and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) is established because HLB is a widely used parameter in surfactant applications. Finally, BCF and toxicity of alc. ethoxylates are correlated with their K_ow. The proposed approach can be extended to other families of nonionic surfactants. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Recommanded Product: 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Recommanded Product: 112-59-4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Properties and applications of microemulsions was written by Klier, John;Tucker, Christopher J.;Kalantar, Thomas H.;Green, D. P.. And the article was included in Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) in 2000.Product Details of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, fluid, optically clear dispersions of two immiscible liquids Recent interest in microemulsion systems has resulted from their utility in a broad range of applications including enhanced oil recovery, consumer and pharmaceutical formulations, nanoparticle synthesis, and chem. reaction media. However, the high levels typically required to ensure complete microemulsification and formulation stability often result in unacceptably high residue, contaminant levels, and formulation cost. One way to reduce surfactant requirements in microemulsion systems is through the use of efficient surfactants and interfacially active cosurfactants. The authors have explored and developed microemulsion systems based on efficient anionic surfactants and glycol ether cosurfactants that are stable to temperature and compositional changes and yet employ low levels of non-volatile surfactants. These microemulsion systems are finding utility in a range of applications, including consumer and industrial cleaning formulations, chem. reaction media, polymerization, and active ingredient delivery. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Product Details of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Product Details of 112-59-4

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Ceria supported gold-platinum catalysts for the selective oxidation of alkyl ethoxylates was written by Heidkamp, Katharina;Aytemir, Memet;Vorlop, Klaus-Dieter;Pruesse, Ulf. And the article was included in Catalysis Science & Technology in 2013.Formula: C10H22O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This work covers the development of a ceria based AuPt catalyst for the selective aerobic oxidation of alkyl ethoxylates to their corresponding carboxylic acids. By optimizing metal loading and the Au to Pt ratio the activity of the catalyst could be increased significantly, while maintaining total selectivity. Although the choice of ceria as a support helped to suppress intermediate metal leaching, the catalyst still showed poor long-term stability in repeated batches. The cause for deactivation could finally be identified by TPR studies as over-oxidation These suspicions were confirmed by a long-term stability study in continuous-mode. It proved to be possible to deactivate the catalyst on purpose by employing unfavorable oxidising reaction conditions, i.e. low substrate concentrations and excess oxygen. By avoiding such unfavorable conditions either in continuous-flow mode or in repeated batches, the long-term stability of the catalyst increased tremendously. A substrate screening of various ethoxylates showed that the catalyst was very well-suited to selectively oxidize a wide range of alkyl ethoxylates. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Formula: C10H22O3).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Formula: C10H22O3

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Phenolic profile of oils obtained from “horchata” by-products assisted by supercritical-CO₂ and its relationship with antioxidant and lipid oxidation parameters: Triple TOF-LC-MS-MS characterization was written by Rosello-Soto, Elena;Barba, Francisco J.;Lorenzo, Jose M.;Munekata, Paulo E. S.;Gomez, Belen;Molto, Juan Carlos. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2019.Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, the effect of different supercritical CO₂ (SC-CO₂) pressures (10-40 MPa) on phenolic compounds extraction in oils obtained from “horchata” byproducts was evaluated, and the results were compared to those obtained after conventional oil extraction (CE). Moreover, the relationship between the individual phenolic compounds and the total antioxidant capacity as well as oil oxidative quality parameters was compared. The phenolic profile and contents were largely influenced by extracting conditions. The main phenolic compound obtained by SC-CO₂ was the isohydroxymatairesinol, particularly at 30 and 40 MPa, while 3-vinylphenol was the predominant compound in oils extracted by CE procedure. Increasing SC-CO₂ extraction pressures enhanced the extraction of phenolic compounds, along with improving the antioxidant capacity and oxidative quality of extracted oil. The principal component anal. indicated that the main phenolic compounds associated with TEAC values were those extracted by SC-CO₂, which were inversely correlated to oxidative indexes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Formula: C9H12O3

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Light scattering and NMR studies of Triton X-100 micelles in the presence of short chain alcohols and ethoxylates was written by Dharaiya, Nilesh;Bahadur, Prashant;Singh, Kulbir;Marangoni, D. Gerrard;Bahadur, Pratap. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2013.Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Micellar characteristics of nonionic surfactant p-tert-octyl-phenoxy polyethylene (9.5) ether (Triton X-100) in aqueous media containing short-chain alcs. and their ethoxylates C_nE_m (n = 2, 4, 6 and m = 0, 1, 2) were examined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and NMR (NMR). The micelle size increased with the addition of C₆E_m and decreased when C₂E_m alcs. were added to Triton X-100 solution; the increase and decrease in the micellar size in the presence of varying amounts of C₄E_m alcs. depends on the number of polar ethoxylate groups. The results are supported by viscosity and cloud point data and explained on the basis of solvophobic interaction. The interaction and location of additives in micelles is examined by ¹H and NOESY NMR. The studies indicate that C₂E_m mols. mostly remain in bulk water; C₆E_m mols. get solubilized toward the core of the aggregates, while C₄E_m mols. are localized in the shell region of micelle according to their octanol/water partition coefficient values. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
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Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria for binary mixtures of carbon dioxide with diethylene glycol (diethyl, butyl, hexyl, or dibutyl) ether at elevated pressures was written by Lin, Ho-mu;Wu, Tai-Seng;Lee, Ming-Jer. And the article was included in Fluid Phase Equilibria in 2003.Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) phase compositions were measured for four binary systems of carbon dioxide with diethylene glycol di-Et ether, diethylene glycol Bu ether, diethylene glycol hexyl ether, and diethylene glycol di-Bu ether at temperatures from 333.15 to 413.15 K and pressures up to 20 MPa. The saturated vapor composition of the ethers follows the order of diethylene glycol di-Et ether > diethylene glycol Bu ether>diethylene glycol di-Bu ether > diethylene glycol hexyl ether, while the solubility of carbon dioxide in the liquid obeys the sequence of diethylene glycol di-Et ether ≈ diethylene glycol di-Bu ether > diethylene glycol hexyl ether ≈ diethylene glycol Bu ether. Henry’s constants were calculated by fitting the Krichevsky-Ilinskaya (KI) equation to the isothermal equilibrium data. The constants increase with increasing temperature for each binary system. The new phase equilibrium data were correlated with several cubic equations of state with the van der Waals one-fluid mixing rules. Generally the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state with two binary interaction parameters yielded the best results. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Characterization studies of tar-containing wastewater for bio-energy and chemical production was written by Wang, W. P.;Wu, S. B.;Zhao, J. Q.;Hua, W.. And the article was included in Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy in 2018.Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The compositions and physicochem. properties of organic condensates pollutant in tar-containing wastewater, which was obtained from gas purification process of biomass gasification, were preliminarily investigated. The thermal decomposition characteristics of dissolved solids (DS) derived from tar-containing wastewater were studied by thermal gravimetric anal. (TGA) and pyrolyzer coupled with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results showed that: more than forty kinds of organic compounds in such pollutant were detected by GC/MS, including phenols, ketones and furans; the lower viscosity of concentrated DS was conducive to its recycling; the decomposition of DS could be divided into three stages (dewater stage, volatile releasing stage and degradation of residues stage) and the final residue was 39.00%. The thermal decomposition products derived from DS mainly consisted of aromatic compounds, pyrans and small mol. acids. The phenolic compounds were the most abundant, contributing over 32% of the total compounds detected. These compounds showed great potential on fuel industry application and intermediates generation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Comparison of Phenolic Profile of Balsamic Vinegars Determined Using Liquid and Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry was written by Kaspar, Michal;Bajer, Tomas;Bajerova, Petra;Cesla, Petr. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Balsamic vinegar is one of the best known and most popular types of vinegar, and it is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds The quality of balsamic vinegar as well as the content of phenolic substances vary depending on the production method. In the present work, we have developed a method for comprehensive characterization of the content of phenolic compounds in balsamic vinegars based on the combination of gas chromatog. (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometric detection in single mode (MS) and tandem mode (MS/MS). In total, 14 samples of different types of balsamic vinegar were analyzed without difficulty in sample preparation The separation conditions and detection parameters of HPLC-MS/MS were optimized and used for the determination of 29 phenolic compounds and 6 phenolic acids. The profile of phenolic compounds was completed by semi-quant. anal. of volatile organic compounds using GC-MS after optimized headspace solid-phase microextraction Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid have been identified as the major phenolic compounds in balsamic vinegars. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Central cholinergic agents. I. Potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, 2-[ω-[N-alkyl-N-(ω-phenylalkyl)amino]alkyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones, based on a new hypothesis of the enzyme’s active site was written by Ishihara, Yuji;Kato, Koki;Goto, Giichi. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1991.Name: N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)ethanamine The following contents are mentioned in the article:

It has been suggested that the active site of acetylcholinesterase contains a hydrophobic binding site (HBS-1), which is closely adjacent to both the anionic and the esteratic sites. In this paper, we assumed that there exists another hydrophobic binding site (HBS-2), some distance removed from the anionic site. On this assumption, a new working hypothesis was proposed for the design of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. A series of 2-[ω-[N-alkyl-N-(ω-phenylalkyl)amino]alkyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones (I, X = e.g., O₂N, OH, Me, Cl, amino group, or COPh, Y = e.g., H, halo OMe, R = H or alkyl, n = 3-9, m = 1-4) was designed based on this hypothesis and tested for its inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase. Some in this series were revealed to be more potent than physostigmine. Optimum activity was found to be associated with a five carbon chain length separating the benzylamino group from the 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (phthalimide) moiety. Quant. study of substitution effect on the phthalimide moiety revealed that hydrophilic and electron-withdrawing groups enhance the activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (cas: 140715-61-3Name: N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)ethanamine).

N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (cas: 140715-61-3) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Name: N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)ethanamine

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Shape similarities of ultra-low interfacial tension curves in ternary microemulsion systems of the water-alkane-C_iE_j type was written by Sottmann, T.;Strey, R.. And the article was included in Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft in 1996.Application of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The interfacial tensions between water- and oil-rich phases in microemulsion systems were measured for a series of ternary water-alkane-C_iE_j systems. Interfacial tensions vary over orders of magnitude with temperature displaying a pronounced min. for each surfactant. The center of the 3-phase temperature interval, T_u-T_l, i.e. the phase inversion temperature (PIT), corresponds to the temperature T_m of the min. in interfacial tension. Increasing the surfactant chain length the min. value decreases by 3 orders of magnitude for a change of i from 6 to 12. Interestingly, all interfacial tension curves have a similar shape. Centering the curves around T_m and reducing the temperature scale by T_u-T_l permits determining the factors by which the individual interfacial tension curves differ. The factors are be proportional, resp., to square of the maximum length scale ζ or the inverse surfactant volume fraction ϕ^–_c,i in the interface. Accordingly, plotting σ_ab/ϕ_c,i² vs. 2(T-T_m)/(T_u-T₁) an almost perfect superposition of all interfacial tension curves is observed This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Application of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Application of 112-59-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem