Tag: 100-200

A small-angle neutron scattering study of nonionic surfactant molecules at the water-oil interface: area per molecule, microemulsion domain size, and rigidity was written by Sottmann, T.;Strey, R.;Chen, S.-H.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Physics in 1997.Application of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) of bicontinuous microemulsions of 19 different water-n-alkane-C_iE_j (n-alkylpolyglycol ether) systems was measured. All scattering curves exhibit a broad scattering peak which permits determining the characteristic length scale ξ for bicontinuous structures at sym. water and oil volume fractions, i.e., φ=0.5. Various random models predict ξ = aδφ(1 – φ)/φ_c. ξ Is indeed determined to be inversely proportional to the surfactant volume fraction φ_c. Approximating the effective surfactant chain length δ by δ = v_c/a_c, where a_c and v_c are the area and the volume of the surfactant mol., the numerical value for a is determined to be a = 7.16, which is close to, but significantly different from those used in theor. models. The head group area a_c at the water-oil interface is obtained from the large q part of the scattering curves. It is found to be independent of i and k, the carbon numbers of the alkyl chain of the surfactant and of the alkane, resp. However, it depends strongly, and nearly linearly, on the head group size j of the surfactant. Within exptl. error it is described by a_c = 29.3 + 6.20j (Ų). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Application of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Application of 112-59-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Evolution of sulfur during fast pyrolysis of sulfonated Kraft lignin was written by Han, Tong;Sophonrat, Nanta;Evangelopoulos, Panagiotis;Persson, Henry;Yang, Weihong;Joensson, Paer. And the article was included in Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis in 2018.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Sulfonated Kraft lignin, the most available com. lignin of today, has high sulfur content due to the extraction and the subsequent sulfonation processes. In this work, the evolution of sulfur during fast pyrolysis of sulfonated Kraft lignin has been studied. Fast Pyrolysis experiments have been done using Py-GC/MS. It is found that main sulfur-containing products in the pyrolytic vapors are present as the following small mol. compounds: H₂S, SO₂, CH₃SH, CH₃SCH₃, and CH₃SSCH₃. This indicates that sulfur-containing radicals preferentially combine with the other small radicals such as ·H and ·CH₃ during fast pyrolysis process. Sulfur is suggested to be mainly present as sulfite (-SO^–₃) and sulfide (-S-) in the sulfonated Kraft lignin. Sulfite that is incorporated into lignin during the sulfonation process mainly result in the formation of SO₂. The nature of the sulfur links created during the Kraft pulping process is difficult to determine, but they are supposed to mainly exist in form of sulfide (-S-) bonds, which lead to the formation of H₂S, CH₃SH, CH₃SCH₃ and CH₃SSCH₃. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Lignin-to-Liquid-Solvolysis (LtL) of Organosolv Extracted Lignin was written by Loehre, Camilla;Laugerud, Gro-Anita Aakre;Huijgen, Wouter J. J.;Barth, Tanja. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2018.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as a future energy source is a research field of widespread growth. The lignin fraction has potential as a renewable resource to provide building blocks for the chem. industry and is the most prominent source of bio-based aromatics Lignin, combined with formic acid and water under high temperature and pressure, is converted to a bio-oil rich in alkylated phenols and aliphatic hydrocarbons in a unique conversion process termed the LtL-process (lignin-to-liquid). In this work, this conversion technique has shown to be applicable to a variety of lignins, with organosolv extracted lignin as the main focus because of its high purity. The organosolv lignins appeared to be well suited for LtL-conversion generating higher yields of bio-oil than a lignin-rich residue from enzymic hydrolysis. 31P-NMR and GC-MS showed that the O/C ratios of the bio-oils decreases with increasing reaction temperature during LtL-solvolysis due to a decrease in methoxylated phenols and an increase in phenols with no methoxy substituent. This was verified by partial least squares (PLS) regression anal. and elemental anal. of the feedstocks and resulting bio-oils, from which an effective hydrodeoxygenation during LtL-conversion was evident too. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effect of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide on the phase behavior of nonionic surfactant-silicone oil microemulsions was written by Silas, James A.;Kaler, Eric W.;Hill, Randal M.. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2001.Computed Properties of C10H22O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The effects of adding didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) to mixtures of n-alkyl polyglycol ether (C_iE_j), water, and silicone oil are systematically studied. In mixtures of C₈E₃ and C₁₂E₆ with water, small amounts of DDAB cause the upper miscibility gap to vanish and be replaced by a high-temperature lamellar phase. In mixtures of C₁₂E₅ with octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄), the addition of DDAB makes the surfactant mixture more hydrophilic and expands the lower miscibility gap by increasing the (pseudo)-critical temperature In ternary mixtures of C_iE_j, D₄, and water, adding DDAB increases the surfactant efficiency by a factor of ≤3, expanding the single-phase microemulsion region to higher temperatures and lower surfactant concentrations The temperature limits of the single-phase microemulsion correlate with changes in the pseudo-binary phase diagrams upon addition of DDAB. Addnl., the surfactant mixture stabilizes liquid crystalline regions, but at temperatures that do not obscure the gains in surfactant efficiency offered by the ionic-nonionic surfactant mixture Similar results are reported for 2 linear silicone oils, hexamethyldisiloxane, and decamethyltetrasiloxane. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Computed Properties of C10H22O3).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Computed Properties of C10H22O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Production and characterization of bio-oil and biochar from ablative pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass residues was written by Khuenkaeo, Nattawut;Tippayawong, Nakorn. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Communications in 2020.Reference of 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Agricultural residues are one of the large untapped sources of bio-energy in Thailand, with over 30 million tons available per yr. They may be utilized to generate renewable liquid and solid fuels. In this work, pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass residues (corncobs, coconut shells, and bamboo residue) was carried out in an ablative pyrolysis reactor with rotating blades. Influences of inert carrier gas flows (5-15 L/min) and rotating frequency (4-8 Hz) at a fixed hot plate temperature of 500 °C on generating bio-oil were investigated. Characterization of bio-oil as well as biochar products was performed. Maximum bio-oil yield was found to be about 50% weight/weight for coconut shell at 5 L/min of flowrate and 8 Hz of the rotating frequency, and 45% weight/weight for bamboo residues at the same condition. For corncob, the highest bio-oil yield was 72% weight/weight at 5 L/min of flowrate and 6 Hz of the rotating frequency. Solid char yields were around 23-28% weight/weight The heating values of the liquid oil and solid char were about 20-25 and 23-30 MJ/kg, resp. Rotating blade ablative reactor was able to generate high yields of bio-oil for agricultural residues. The main compounds of the bio-oil obtained were phenolics, including furfuran, organic acids, aldehydes, alcs., ethers, and ketones. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Reference of 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Reference of 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A comparative study of pyrolysis liquids by slow pyrolysis of industrial hemp leaves, hurds and roots was written by Salami, Ayobami;Heikkinen, Jorma;Tomppo, Laura;Hyttinen, Marko;Kekalainen, Timo;Janis, Janne;Vepsalainen, Jouko;Lappalainen, Reijo. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Reference of 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study assessed the pyrolysis liquids obtained by slow pyrolysis of industrial hemp leaves, hurds, and roots. The liquids recovered between a pyrolysis temperature of 275-350°C, at two condensation temperatures 130°C and 70°C, were analyzed. Aqueous and bio-oil pyrolysis liquids were produced and analyzed by proton NMR (NMR), gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and atm. pressure photoionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (APPI FT-ICR MS). NMR revealed quant. concentrations of the most abundant compounds in the aqueous fractions and compound groups in the oily fractions. In the aqueous fractions, the concentration range of acetic acid was 50-241 gL-1, methanol 2-30 gL-1, propanoic acid 5-20 gL-1, and 1-hydroxybutan-2-one 2 gL-1. GC-MS was used to compare the compositions of the volatile compounds and APPI FT-ICR MS was utilized to determine the most abundant higher mol. weight compounds The different obtained pyrolysis liquids (aqueous and oily) had various volatile and nonvolatile compounds such as acetic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 2-methoxyphenol, and cannabidiol. This study provides a detailed understanding of the chem. composition of pyrolysis liquids from different parts of the industrial hemp plant and assesses their possible economic potential. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Reference of 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Reference of 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase separation of glycol ethers for forward osmotic control was written by Nakayama, Daichi;Mok, Yeongbong;Noh, Minwoo;Park, Jeongseon;Kang, Sunyoung;Lee, Yan. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2014.SDS of cas: 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transition of glycol ether (GE)-water mixtures induces an abrupt change in osmotic pressure driven by a mild temperature change. The temperature-controlled osmotic change was applied for the forward osmosis (FO) desalination. Among three GEs evaluated, di(ethylene glycol) n-hexyl ether (DEH) was selected as a potential FO draw solute. A DEH-water mixture with a high osmotic pressure could draw fresh water from a high-salt feed solution such as seawater through a semipermeable membrane at around 10 °C. The water-drawn DEH-water mixture was phase-separated into a water-rich phase and a DEH-rich phase at around 30 °C. The water-rich phase with a much reduced osmotic pressure released water into a low-salt solution, and the DEH-rich phase was recovered into the initial DEH-water mixture The phase separation behavior, the residual GE concentration in the water-rich phase, the osmotic pressure of the DEH-water mixture, and the osmotic flux between the DEH-water mixture and salt solutions were carefully analyzed for FO desalination. The liquid-liquid phase separation of the GE-water mixture driven by the mild temperature change between 10 °C and 30 °C is very attractive for the development of an ideal draw solute for future practical FO desalination. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4SDS of cas: 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.SDS of cas: 112-59-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Depolymerization of alkaline lignin over mesoporous KF/γ-Al₂O₃ was written by Guan, Yinshuang;Zhao, Wei;Liu, Kaishuai;Guo, Tiantian;Wang, Dingkai;Cui, Mingyu;Fu, Shuiyuan;Fan, Xing;Wei, Xianyong. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2020.COA of Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

As a kind of biomass resource, lignin is the only natural renewable resource that can provide abundant aromatic compounds, which is undoubtedly considered as the best candidate to produce value-added chems. by lignin depolymerization Thus, it is of great significance to develop approaches that are able to accommodate the complex structure of lignin. Herein, an efficient depolymerization method is implemented in methanol using a mesoporous solid superbase KF/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. Research shows that the depolymerization of lignin is not obvious below the critical temperature of methanol, and the conversion of lignin increases significantly above the critical temperature, which can reach 60.6% at 270°C. Phenols and methoxy-substituted monocyclic aromatic compounds are predominant in the liquid products acquired by gas chromatog./mass spectrometry. Furthermore, oligomers were analyzed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization. It is found that the mol. mass of the oligomers varied between 200 and 600 Da, the degree of unsaturation is mainly 4 and 8 with 1-2 aromatic rings, and the carbon number is found to be within the range of 15-30. It is speculated that the oligomers are mainly monophenyl or biphenyl compounds containing branched chains. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1COA of Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.COA of Formula: C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Mixed micellar aggregates of nonionic surfactants with short hydrophobic trails was written by D’Errico, Geraldino;Ciccarelli, Donato;Ortona, Ornella;Vitagliano, Vincenzo. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2002.Reference of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Mixed micelle formation by aqueous mixtures of pentaethylene glycol monohexyl ether (C₆E₅) and diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (C₆E₂) has been investigated by determining the temperature-composition phase diagrams and measuring the intradiffusion coefficients In binary aqueous solutions, C₆E₅ shows a high tendency to micellize, while C₆E₂, because of its too short hydrophilic head, presents a macroscopic phase separation in a water-rich and a surfactant-rich phases. The temperature-composition phase diagrams obtained for the ternary water-C₆E₅-C₆E₂ mixtures present a micellar region in which both surfactants co-aggregate. The dimensions of this micellar region depend on the relative ratio between the two surfactants molalities. By analyzing the micelle intradiffusion coefficient, measured through the PGSE-NMR technique, the hydrodynamic radius of the aggregates has been estimated at 25 °C. It is similar to that of triethylene glycol monohexyl ether (C₆E₃) in binary aqueous solution The exptl. evidences suggest that in mixed ethoxylated surfactants the micellar behavior is mainly determined by the mean number of ethoxylic units per surfactant mol., independently of their distribution. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Reference of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Reference of 112-59-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Facile Fabrication of Oxidation-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Effective Anticancer Drug Delivery was written by Huang, Yamei;Chen, Qiubing;Ma, Panpan;Song, Heliang;Ma, Xiaoqian;Ma, Ya;Zhou, Xin;Gou, Shuangquan;Xu, Zhigang;Chen, Jiucun;Xiao, Bo. And the article was included in Molecular Pharmaceutics in 2019.Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly overproduced in cancerous tissues, and thus oxidation-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising drug carrier for cancer-targeted drug delivery. In this study, we successfully synthesized poly(vanillyl alc.-co-oxalate) (PVAX) polymer with an excellent ROS-responsive capacity. A well-established emulsion-solvent evaporation method was used to fabricate PVAX-based curcumin (CUR)-loaded NPs (PVAX-NPs) and their counterparts (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based CUR-loaded NPs, PLGA-NPs). It was found that these NPs had a hydrodynamic particle size of approx. 245 nm, narrow size distribution (polydispersity index less than 0.1), neg. zeta potential (around -18 mV), smooth surface appearance, and high drug encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, we found that the CUR release rate of PVAX-NPs was greatly increased in the presence of a hydrogen peroxide-rich environment due to the cleavage of polyoxalate ester bonds in PVAX polymer, resulting in the evenly distribution of CUR within the whole cancer cells. More importantly, PVAX-NPs exhibited much stronger anticancer activities and pro-apoptotic capacities than PLGA-NPs both in vitro and in vivo. These results clearly demonstrate that these ROS-responsive PVAX-NPs can be exploited as a robust anticancer drug delivery platform in chemotherapy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Formula: C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem