Tag: 100-200

Predicting chemically-induced skin reactions. Part II: QSAR models of skin permeability and the relationships between skin permeability and skin sensitization was written by Alves, Vinicius M.;Muratov, Eugene;Fourches, Denis;Strickland, Judy;Kleinstreuer, Nicole;Andrade, Carolina H.;Tropsha, Alexander. And the article was included in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology in 2015.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Skin permeability is widely considered to be mechanistically implicated in chem.-induced skin sensitization. Although many chems. have been identified as skin sensitizers, there have been very few reports analyzing the relationships between mol. structure and skin permeability of sensitizers and non-sensitizers. The goals of this study were to: (i) compile, curate, and integrate the largest publicly available dataset of chems. studied for their skin permeability; (ii) develop and rigorously validate QSAR models to predict skin permeability; and (iii) explore the complex relationships between skin sensitization and skin permeability. Based on the largest publicly available dataset compiled in this study, we found no overall correlation between skin permeability and skin sensitization. In addition, cross-species correlation coefficient between human and rodent permeability data was found to be as low as R² = 0.44. Human skin permeability models based on the random forest method have been developed and validated using OECD-compliant QSAR modeling workflow. Their external accuracy was high (Q²_ext = 0.73 for 63% of external compounds inside the applicability domain). The extended anal. using both exptl.-measured and QSAR-imputed data still confirmed the absence of any overall concordance between skin permeability and skin sensitization. This observation suggests that chem. modifications that affect skin permeability should not be presumed a priori to modulate the sensitization potential of chems. The models reported herein as well as those developed in the companion paper on skin sensitization suggest that it may be possible to rationally design compounds with the desired high skin permeability but low sensitization potential. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Recommanded Product: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory Cytokines Is a Potential Therapeutic Action of Ficus lepicarpa B. (Moraceae) against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats was written by Vun-Sang, Senty;Rodrigues, Kenneth Francis;Dsouza, Urban J. A.;Iqbal, Mohammad. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Local tribes use the leaves of Ficus lepicarpa B. (Moraceae), a traditional Malaysian medicine, as a vegetable dish, a tonic, and to treat ailments including fever, jaundice and ringworm. The purpose of this study was to look into the possible therapeutic effects of F. lepicarpa leaf extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats. The DPPH test was used to measure the antioxidant activity of plants. Gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry was used for the phytochem. anal. (GCMS). Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the following treatment regimens: control group, CCl4 alone, F. lepicarpa 400 mg/kg alone, CCl4 + F. lepicarpa 100 mg/kg, CCl4 + F. lepicarpa 200 mg/kg and CCl4 + F. lepicarpa 400 mg/kg. The rats were euthanized after two weeks, and biomarkers of liver function and antioxidant enzyme status were assessed. To assess the extent of liver damage and fibrosis, histopathol. and immunohistochem. examinations of liver tissue were undertaken. The total phenolic content and the total flavonoid content in methanol extract of F. lepicarpa leaves were 58.86 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g and 44.31 ± 0.10 mg CAE/g, resp. F. lepicarpa′s inhibitory concentration (IC50) for free radical scavenging activity was reported to be 3.73 mg/mL. In a dose-related manner, F. lepicarpa was effective in preventing an increase in serum ALT, serum AST and liver MDA. Histopathol. alterations revealed that F. lepicarpa protects against the oxidative stress caused by CCl4. The immunohistochem. results showed that proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2) were suppressed. The antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and free-radical scavenging activities of F. lepicarpa can be related to its hepatoprotective benefits. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 2380-78-1

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effects of Surfactants on the Purple Membrane and Bacteriorhodopsin: Solubilization or Aggregation? was written by Ng, Ka Chon;Chu, Li-Kang. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry B in 2013.Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Using steady-state spectroscopic and zeta potential methods, we have unraveled the interaction of the purple membrane (PM) and bacteriorhodopsin (bR) with various surfactants below their critical micelle concentrations We found that the charged hydrophilic heads of ionic surfactants play a role in perturbing the structure and conformation of PM and bR and that ionic surfactants of opposite charges cause opposing effects. Specifically, the addition of a low concentration (0.2 mM) of the cationic surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is capable of neutralizing the neg. charged lipids on the PM surface via electrostatic forces. This results in increased hydrophobicity of PM that leads to the aggregation of PM. In contrast, denaturation of PM and bR was observed when the anionic surfactant SDS was added to the PM suspensions. The attachment of SDS to the PM surface increases the solubility of PM and causes a loose crystalline structure. As the SDS concentration is increased to more than 3 mM, the secondary structure of the constituents of bR is significantly distorted, and the protonated Schiff base is hydrolyzed to form free retinal. The addition of the neutral surfactant diethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether (C6E2) does not significantly influence the PM and bR, meaning most of their original properties are preserved. We conclude that the addition of surfactants might cause the aggregation or solubilization of the membrane protein, depending on the signs of the charged hydrophilic heads of the surfactants and the charges of the membrane protein surface. Aggregation results when the surfactant and protein have opposite charges, whereas solubilization results when the surfactant and protein have the same charge. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

In vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology studies with diethylene glycol monohexyl ether was written by Ballantyne, Bryan;Vergnes, Jane S.. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Toxicology in 2001.Computed Properties of C10H22O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGHE; CAS number 112-59-4), an industrial chem., was investigated for the potential to produce genotoxic effects using 3 in vitro and 2 in vivo tests. No mutagenic activity occurred in either the absence or the presence of metabolic activation with a Salmonella typhimurium reverse assay using strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538. In a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) forward gene mutation test (HGPRT locus), there was an increase in the mutation frequencies, which were relatively small compared with the solvent control values, somewhat inconsistent between duplicate cultures, and occurred particularly in the presence of metabolic activation. Linear regression anal. indicated a marginally significant trend for dosage vs. mutation frequency, suggesting that DEGHE was weakly pos. in this test. A sister chromatid exchange test in CHO cells showed no significant dosage-related effects in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. A peripheral blood micronucleus test in mice by dosing with an i.p. injection of DEGHE did not show any potential for DEGHE to increase the incidence of micronucleated polychromatophilic erythrocytes. In a first femoral bone marrow chromosome aberration test in the rat by peroral dosing, DEGHE did not cause any increase in aberrations for 12- and 24-h samples with males and females or with females at 48-h sampling. However, with males at 48 h, the 2 lowest doses showed an increased number of aberrations, but not at the high doses. A repeat study in males with a larger number of doses and 24- and 48-h samples did not replicate this finding. Thus, DEGHE may have limited weak mutagenic activity in vitro but is devoid of clastogenic potential. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Computed Properties of C10H22O3).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Computed Properties of C10H22O3

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Ether – Wikipedia,
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Chemical and sensory characterization of Kalecik Karasi wines produced from two different regions in Turkey using chemometrics was written by Darici, Merve;Cabaroglu, Turgut. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation in 2022.COA of Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Kalecik Karasi (KK) is one of the important native grape varieties of Turkey used in red wine production As an extension of a previous project that profiled the sensory characteristics of KK wines from different geog. regions of Turkey, this study aimed to investigate the chem. composition and sensory properties of KK wines belonging to different vintages from two different regions (Kalecik/Ankara and Gueney/Denizli) using the chemometric technique. Identification and quantification of aroma, aroma-active compounds, and sensory evaluations were carried out by GC/MS/FID, GC-O, and Descriptive Analyses. PLSR was used for determining the correlation between chem. and sensory data. A total of 26 aroma-active compounds have been identified for both regions. Based on PLSR, red fruit attribute in wines was pos. correlated with isoamylacetate, ethyl-hexadecanoate, ethyl-4-hydroxybutanoate, and 2-phenylethyl acetate. Dried fruit attribute has shown a significant pos. correlation with ethyl-2-methyl-propanoate, ethyl-2-methylbutanoate, and ethyl-3-methylbutanoate. The cotton candy attribute was pos. correlated with 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, ethyl-4-hydroxybutanoate, and gamma-butyrolactone. This is the first study in the literature to determine the correlation between chem. and sensory data in Kalecik Karasi wines. The study determined that common aroma descriptors of KK wines include red fruit (strawberry, raspberry, and apple), dried fruit, cotton candy, flower, and spice (sweet spices and nutmeg) odors. The characterization of the wines using chemometrics is an important tool. The findings obtained may constitute a source for quality Kalecik Karasi wines in transition to the Geog. Indication system. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1COA of Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.COA of Formula: C9H12O3

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Photodynamic therapy of human biliary cancer cell line using combination of phosphorus porphyrins and light emitting diode was written by Matsumoto, Jin;Suzuki, Kou;Yasuda, Masahide;Yamaguchi, Yuya;Hishikawa, Yoshitaka;Imamura, Naoya;Nanashima, Atsushi. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Related Products of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A series of phosphorus porphyrin complexes ([(RO)₂P(tpp)]Cl, tpp = tetraphenylporphyrinato group, R = -(CH₂CH₂O)_m(CH₂)_nH; 1a: m = 2, n = 2; 1b: m = 2, n = 4; 1c: m = 2, n = 6; 1d: m = 3, n = 6) were used for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of human biliary cancer cell line (NOZ) when exposed to the irradiation of light emitting diodes (LEDs). A Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) containing NOZ cells (2000 cell well^-1) and 1 (0-100 nM) was introduced into a 96-well microplate and incubated for 24 h to accumulate 1 into the NOZ cells and to multiply the NOZ cells until the cell number reached 10⁴ cells well^-1. After replacing the DMEM medium containing 1 with a fresh DMEM medium without 1, the plates were irradiated for 30 min at 610 nm. After incubation was performed for 24 h in dark conditions, the cell viability of the NOZ cells was determined using the MTT assay. The half maximum inhibitory concentrations 50 (IC₅₀) of 1a-1d were found to be in the range of 33.7-58.7 nM for NOZ. These IC₅₀ values for the NOZ were one hundredth the IC₅₀ value (7.57 μM) for mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (laserphyrin). Thus, it was found that the PDT activity of 1a-1d was much higher than the mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6. Similarly, IC₅₀ vales of 1a-1d for HeLa cells were found to be 27.8-52.5 nM. This showed that 1a-1d had high photodynamic activity in cancer cells. At the same time, it was speculated that an LED is a useful light source for deactivating the cancer cells because it can excite the sensitizers with peak width in their absorption spectra using the light of the specified wave length with band width of 10-20 nm; LEDs provide a homogeneous light distribution for the target cells. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Related Products of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Related Products of 112-59-4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Scientific opinion on Prosmoke BW 01 was written by EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings;Younes, Maged;Aquilina, Gabriele;Castle, Laurence;Engel, Karl-Heinz;Fowler, Paul J.;Frutos Fernandez, Maria Jose;Fuerst, Peter;Gundert-Remy, Ursula;Guertler, Rainer;Husoey, Trine;Manco, Melania;Moldeus, Peter;Passamonti, Sabina;Shah, Romina;Waalkens-Berendsen, Ine;Wolfle, Detlef;Wright, Matthew;Benigni, Romualdo;Bolognesi, Claudia;Cordelli, Eugenia;Chipman, Kevin;Degen, Gisela;Noerby, Karin;Svendsen, Camilla;Carfi, Maria;Martino, Carla;Tard, Alexandra;Vianello, Giorgia;Mennes, Wim. And the article was included in EFSA Journal in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavorings (FAF) was requested to evaluate the safety of Prosmoke BW 01 as a new smoke flavoring primary product, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 2065/2003. Prosmoke BW01 is produced by pyrolysis of beechwood (Fagus sylvatica L.) sawdust. Its water content is estimated at 56 wt%, the total identified volatile fraction accounts for 28 wt% of the primary product, corresponding to 64% of the solvent-free mass, while the unidentified fraction amounts to 16 wt% of the primary product. Anal. data provided for three batches demonstrated that their batch-to-batch-variability was sufficiently low. However, for the batch used for the toxicol. studies, there were substantial deviations in the concentration of nearly all the constituents compared to the other three batches. The dietary exposure of Prosmoke BW 01 was estimated to be between 6.2 and 9.2 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, resp., using SMK-EPIC and SMK-TAMDI. Using the FAIM tool, the 95th percentile exposure estimates ranged from 3.2 mg/kg bw per day for the elderly to 17.9 mg/kg bw per day for children. The Panel noted that furan-2(5H)-one is present in all batches of the primary product at an average concentration of 0.88 wt%. This substance was evaluated by the FAF Panel as genotoxic in vivo after oral exposure. The Panel considered that the (geno)toxicity studies available on the whole mixture were not adequate to support the safety assessment, due to limitations in these studies and because they were performed with a batch which may not be representative for the material of commerce. Considering that the exposure estimates for furan-2(5H)-one are above the TTC value of 0.0025 μg/kg bw per day (or 0.15 μg/person per day) for DNA-reactive mutagens and/or carcinogens, the Panel concluded that Prosmoke BW 01 raises a concern with respect to genotoxicity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Dynamic interfacial tension and wettability of shale in the presence of surfactants at reservoir conditions was written by Mirchi, Vahideh;Saraji, Soheil;Goual, Lamia;Piri, Mohammad. And the article was included in Fuel in 2015.Synthetic Route of C10H22O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The production of oil from shale formations often requires the utilization of chem. surfactants as additives in fracturing fluids in order to change the characteristics of oil/brine interfaces and/or induce wettability alteration at the shale surface. Although the effect of some surfactants on the interfacial properties of shale oil systems has been investigated in the past, the limited data available in the literature were mainly obtained at ambient conditions and thus may not be representative of fluid-rock interactions at actual reservoir conditions. In this study, a new framework is proposed to investigate the effect of surfactants on fundamental parameters governing fluid displacement in two brine/oil/shale systems (A and B) at reservoir conditions. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of anionic and nonionic surfactants in brine and their adsorption propensity on shale was first determined by UV-visible spectroscopy and pendant drop method. Rising/captive bubble technique was validated for ultra-low interfacial tension systems then utilized to measure dynamic interfacial tensions and contact angles in the presence of surfactants in Systems A and B at ambient and reservoir conditions. The effects of pressure and temperature, surfactant concentration, and brine chem. on the above-mentioned parameters were investigated in a systematic manner. The results revealed that nonionic surfactants adsorb much less on shales than anionic surfactants. As a result, shale samples used in this study remained strongly water-wet with the nonionic surfactant regardless of surfactant concentration and brine chem. The lowest work of adhesion was obtained right above the CMC, which represents the optimum surfactant concentration Moreover the use of tap water instead of reservoir brine in System B was preferred due to a further reduction in IFT. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Synthetic Route of C10H22O3).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Synthetic Route of C10H22O3

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Estimating Preferred Alkane Carbon Numbers of Nonionic Surfactants in Normalized Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Deviation Theory from Dissipative Particle Dynamics Modeling was written by Ren, Hua;Zhang, Qiuyu;Zhang, Baoliang;Song, Qingfei. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry B in 2022.Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The preferred alkane carbon number (PACN) in the normalized hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD_N) theory is a numerical parameter and a transferable scale to characterize the amphiphilicity of surfactants, which is usually measured exptl. using the fish diagram or phase inversion temperature (PIT) methods, and the exptl. measurement can only be applied to existing surfactants. Here, for the first time, we propose a procedure to estimate the PACN of C_iE_j nonionic surfactants directly from dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation. The procedure leverages the method of moment concept to quant. evaluate the bending tendency of nonionic surfactant monolayers by calculating the torque d. Seven nonionic surfactants, C_iE_j (C₆E₂, C₆E₃, C₈E₃, C₈E₄, C₁₀E₄, C₁₂E₄, and C₁₂E₅), with known PACNs are modeled. Two surfactants, C₁₀E₄ and C₆E₂, were first selected to train and test the interaction parameters, and the relationship between interaction parameters and torque d. was mapped for the C₁₀E₄-octane-water system using the artificial neural network (ANN) fitting approach to derive the interaction parameters giving zero torque d., then the interaction parameters were tested in the C₆E₂-dodecane-water system to get the final tuned interaction parameters for PACN estimation With this procedure, we reproduce the PACN values and their trend of seven nonionic surfactants with reasonable accuracy, which opens the door for quant. comparison of surfactant amphiphilicity and surfactant classification in silico using the PACN as a transferable scale. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Response to isopropanol or ionic/non-ionic surfactant in the competitive imbibition of water and alkane into calcium carbonate coating structures was written by Ridgway, Cathy J.;Schoelkopf, Joachim;Gane, Patrick A. C.. And the article was included in Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal in 2011.Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This work explores the relationship between polar and non-polar liquids and their interaction with typical porous coating structures, consisting of 100% dispersed calcium carbonate. The effects of addnl. agents, i.e. isopropanol and ionic/non-ionic surfactant are investigated. These agents are currently being employed and developed for the printing industry. Absorption rates into compressed tablets of ground calcium carbonate, with and without the presence of latex, are observed Polyacrylate dispersant, used in manufacture, renders the pigment surface both hydrophilic and hygroscopic, and therefore controls the differential dynamic wetting characteristics of the porous structure for either polar or non-polar liquids In competition with non-polar hexadecane saturating the pore structure of a latex-free sample, polar water displaces the non-polar liquid instantaneously, causing disintegration of the packed porous structure. In the presence of latex binder, however, the structurally destructive pressure is contained, and the uptake of polar water is retarded. The required pre-wetting action of water vapor diffusion on the carbonate polyacrylate dispersant pigment surface is considered to be an integral part of the successful competition between oil and water in the offset printing process, as non-polar oil absorbs steadily into a water pre-saturated structure. Addnl., isopropanol likely promotes miscibility and emulsification more so than ionic/non-ionic surfactant. This behavior possibly relates to the comparative mol. weights of the agents which differentiate their surface energy modifying mechanism from those of the ionic pigment dispersant and binder stabilizers/carboxylation. The use of addnl. agents enables potentially a more homogeneous response to the competitive imbibition environment within the coating structure. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem