Tag: 100-200

Enhancement in the Mechanical Stretchability of PEDOT:PSS Films by Compounds of Multiple Hydroxyl Groups for Their Application as Transparent Stretchable Conductors was written by He, Hao;Zhang, Lei;Yue, Shizhong;Yu, Suzhu;Wei, Jun;Ouyang, Jianyong. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.Product Details of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

It is of significance to develop stretchable conductors for flexible electronics. Although intrinsically conducting polymers like poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) can exhibit high conductivity, they have limited mech. stretchability because of the rigid conjugated backbone and strong interchain interaction. Here, we report the significant enhancement in the mech. stretchability of PEDOT:PSS films by adding a compound of two or more hydroxyl groups like glycerol, malic acid, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, or triethylene glycol. The elongation at break can be enhanced from <10% of pristine PEDOT:PSS films to >50%. The enhancement in the mech. stretchability is less significant when other compounds with only one hydroxyl or no hydroxyl group are used. The effect of the compounds with multiple hydroxyl groups on the stretchability of PEDOT:PSS is related to the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) δ_h. A compound with a higher δ_h value can give rise to a more significant plasticization of PEDOT:PSS. The mechanism is attributed to the destruction of hydrogen bonds among the chains of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSH) by the compounds of multiple hydroxyl groups. This effectively lowers the interchain interaction among the PSSH and thus increases the mech. stretchability of PEDOT:PSS. Simultaneously, these compounds can induce secondary doping to saliently enhance the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films. The highly stretchable and highly conductive PEDOT:PSS films can be used as transparent stretchable conductors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Product Details of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Product Details of 112-49-2

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Olefin saturation and acid reduction of 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid and derivatives by Phanerochaete chrysosporium was written by Enoki, Akio;Yajima, Yasuo;Gold, Michael H.. And the article was included in Phytochemistry (Elsevier) in 1981.Name: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

The white rot fungus P. chrysosporium metabolized 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid in shaking and N-sufficient cultures. Metabolites identified included 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid, dimethoxycinnamyl alc. and 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanol. Significantly smaller amounts of veratryl and vanillyl alc. were also present. The abundance of the propionic acid and the propanol as metabolic products indicated that olefin saturation and acid reduction are important reactions catalyzed under these conditions. Metabolites identified from the metabolism of 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propionic acid included the above 1-propanol as well as veratryl and vanillyl alc.; the identification of these benzyl alc. derivatives as metabolites suggests that α,β-bond cleavage of this substrate was preceded by alkane hydroxylation at the α-position. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Name: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Name: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Direct Allylation of Quinones with Allylboronates was written by Deng, Hong-Ping;Wang, Dong;Szabo, Kalman J.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2015.Product Details of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Allylboronates achieve C-H allylation of unsubstituted or monosubstituted benzoquinone and naphthoquinone substrates. In the case of 2,5- or 2,6-disubstituted quinones, addition involving the substituted carbon takes place. Allylation with stereodefined allylboronates occurs with retention of the configuration. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Product Details of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Product Details of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Structure of Magnesium Chloride Complexes in Ethereal Systems: Computational Comparison of THF and Glymes as Solvents for Magnesium Battery Electrolytes was written by Jankowski, Piotr;Lastra, Juan Maria Garcia;Vegge, Tejs. And the article was included in Batteries & Supercaps in 2020.Recommanded Product: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

The structure of the electrolyte is crucial for the performance of rechargeable magnesium batteries. Doubly charged cations interact much stronger with both anions and solvent mols., forming different size clusters. Here, we apply DFT calculations to investigate salt solvation by altering the first solvation shell of the magnesium-chloride complexes in different ethereal solvents: THF, monoglyme, diglyme, triglyme and tetraglyme. The anal. was performed by looking for the most stable structures, considering mono-, di- and trimeric clusters of MgxCly. The determination of clusters geometries, together with their energies, resulted in a comprehensive picture of the thermodynamically preferred state of the electrolyte, and allowed for a simple assessment of the electrochem. activity of the electrolyte. Our anal. shows that clustering is beneficial for desolvation of magnesium from the cluster, but causes overpotentials due to hindered electron transfer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Recommanded Product: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Solid-phase synthesis of sulfamides was written by Esteve, Cristina;Vidal, Bernat. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2002.Formula: C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

A straightforward synthesis of diversely substituted sulfamides is described. The reaction of sulfamoylating agent 4-(dimethylamino)-1-[[[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]pyridinium inner salt with solid-phase bound amines to give polymer bound BOC-substituted sulfamides is described. Further N-alkylation is achieved under Mitsunobu conditions. Simultaneous deprotection and cleavage of the products leads to unsym. substituted sulfamides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Formula: C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Formula: C11H16O3

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Formation of Enantiomerically Pure Luminescent Triple-Stranded Dimetallic Europium Helicates and Their Corresponding Hierarchical Self-Assembly Formation in Protic Polar Solutions was written by Barry, Dawn E.;Kitchen, Jonathan A.;Pandurangan, Komala;Savyasachi, Aramballi Jayant;Peacock, Robert D.;Gunnlaugsson, Thorfinnur. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2020.Reference of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Ditopic helicate ligands consisting of two enantiomeric naphthalene units connected to two diethylene glycol substituted pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide moieties linked by a xylene spacer (L¹ and L²) were synthesized for the formation of dinuclear Eu^III luminescent chiral helical assemblies (Eu₂·L₃) in competitive organic and protic solvent media. Spectroscopic anal. revealed formation of the 2:3 (Eu₂·L₃) and 2:2 (Eu₂·L₂) species in methanolic solutions CD and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectroscopy confirmed the chiral purity of the helical systems, while SEM imaging demonstrated the formation of hierarchical self-assemblies with spherical morphologies. Ligands L¹ and L² were synthesized for use in the formation of dinuclear Eu^III 2:3 (Eu₂·L₃) luminescent chiral helical assemblies in competitive media. CD and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectroscopy confirmed the chiral purity of the enantiomeric helical systems, while the use of SEM imaging illustrated aggregation of the Eu₂·L¹₃ complex in both MeOH and MeOH/water solvent mixtures and the formation of hierarchical self-assemblies with spherical morphologies and diameter sizes ranging from 0.079 to 0.681μm. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Reference of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Reference of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Poly(phenylenevinylene) analogs with ring substituted polar side chains and their use in the formation of hydrogen bonding based self-assembled multilayers was written by Benjamin, Iris;Hong, Haiping;Avny, Yair;Davidov, Dan;Neumann, Ronny. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry in 1998.Application of 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

Poly(arylenevinylene) homopolymers and copolymers with polar hydroxy and carboxy moieties attached to the aromatic Ph ring were prepared The copolymers and the related homopolymers are copoly[5-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene/1,4-phenylenevinylene], co(PHydroxyV-PV), and copoly(5-carboxymethoxy-2-methoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene/1,4-phenylenevinylene), co(PCarboxyV-PV). For co(PHydroxyV-PV) the photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectra can be adjusted over a range of 100 nm as a function of the percentage of the hydroxy-substituted Ph ring. For co(PCarboxyV-PV) the observed spectral features are a function of the pH from which the final conjugated polymer was prepared The optical d. and photoluminescence of co(PCarboxyV-PV) films prepared from solutions at pH = 12 were significantly blue-shifted compared to polymers prepared from pH = 2 solutions at up to 30% substitution at the Ph ring. The presence of the polar side chain was used to form self-assembled multilayer films, poly(ethyleneimine)/poly(styrenesulfonate)/co(PHydroxyV-PV), based on hydrogen bonding interactions rather than electrostatic forces. The luminescence spectra in the layered systems were blue-shifted compared to the spin coated films. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application of 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application of 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

An efficient entry to pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinolines and related systems through Parham cyclization was written by Ruiz, Javier;Ardeo, Ainhoa;Ignacio, Roberto;Sotomayor, Nuria;Lete, Esther. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2005.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Aryllithiums generated by lithium-iodine exchange underwent intramol. cyclization to give pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinolines, e.g, I, in high yields. The best results were obtained when Weinreb or morpholine amides were used as internal electrophiles. The procedure has been extended to the preparation of seven and eight membered rings, opening a route to benzazepine and benzazocine skeletons. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Application of bioelectrocatalysis as a method of bacterial classification was written by Takayama, Katsumi;Uejima, Akinori;Yoshimura, Tadayosi. And the article was included in Denki Kagakkai Gijutsu, Kyoiku Kenkyu Ronbunshi in 2013.SDS of cas: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

This paper proposes an electrochem. bacterial classification method based on bioelectrocatalysis. Five kinds of quinone compounds (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, and 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone) were used as electron mediators between the anode electrode and the bacterial redox respiratory chain. Escherichia coli (IAM 1264), Staphylococcus aureus (IAM 1011), Lactobacillus casei (IAM 12473), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469), and Pseudomonas oleovorans (IAM 12410) were selected as typical bacterial cells for the classification test. The data of steady-state current obtained from 25 combinations of quinone and bacteria were analyzed based on principal component anal. Five bacteria were classified into three groups: Lactobacillus casei (IAM 12473) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469), Escherichia coli (IAM 1264) and Pseudomonas oleovorans (IAM 12460), and Staphylococcus aureus (IAM 1011). The Lactobacillus sp. group was closer to the Escherichia coli group than to the Staphylococcus aureus group. These results coincide with classifications based on the 16S rRNA-based sequence homol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7SDS of cas: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.SDS of cas: 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Electrocatalysis driven high energy density Li-ion polysulfide battery was written by Sawas, Abdulrazzag;Babu, Ganguli;Thangavel, Naresh Kumar;Arava, Leela Mohana Reddy. And the article was included in Electrochimica Acta in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Though carbon-based porous materials have improved lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery performance remarkably, the poor adsorption of polysulfides and their sluggish reaction kinetics limits them from practical application. On the other hand, the presence of lithium metal especially under the highly reactive polysulfide environment causes safety concerns. Herein, we use electrocatalytically active cathode and metallic lithium-free anode to construct Li-ion polysulfide battery with enhanced reversibility and safety. Stabilizing lithium polysulfides and enhancing the reaction kinetics with minimal polarization using platinum/graphene composite holds the key to obtaining better performance, which is realized against conventional metallic lithium as well as pre-lithiated porous silicon electrodes. The electrocatalyst containing cathode composites are comparable with graphene-based electrodes regarding enhanced specific capacity retention and better reversibility in charge/discharge behavior. Furthermore, metallic lithium-free polysulfide batteries displayed exceptional performance with an energy d. of 450 Wh kg^-1 considering the weight of both the electroactive materials and a capacity retention of about 70% for 240 charge-discharge cycles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem