Tag: 100-200

Iron-catalyzed oxidation of 1-phenylethanol and glycerol with hydrogen peroxide in water medium: effect of the nitrogen ligand on catalytic activity and selectivity was written by Ros, Dimitri;Gianferrara, Teresa;Crotti, Corrado;Farnetti, Erica. And the article was included in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) in 2020.Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

The iron(II) complexes [Fe(bpy)₃](OTf)₂ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; OTf = CF₃SO₃) (1) and [Fe(bpydeg)₃](OTf)₂ (bpydeg = N⁴,N⁴-bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl) [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-dicarboxamide) (2), the latter being a newly synthesized ligand, were employed as catalyst precursors for the oxidation of 1-phenylethanol with hydrogen peroxide in water, using either microwave or conventional heating. With the same oxidant and medium the oxidation of glycerol was also explored in the presence of 1 and 2, as well as of two similar iron(II) complexes bearing tridentate ligands, i.e., [Fe(terpy)₂](OTf)₂ (terpy = 2, 6-di(2-pyridyl)pyridine) (3) and [Fe(bpa)₂](OTf)₂ (bpa = bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)amine) (4): in most reactions the major product formed was formic acid, although with careful tuning of the exptl. conditions significant amounts of dihydroxyacetone were obtained. Addition of heterocyclic amino acids (e.g., picolinic acid) increased the reaction yields of most catalytic reactions. The effect of such additives on the evolution of the catalyst precursors was studied by spectroscopic (NMR, UV-visible) and ESI-MS techniques. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Fluorinated benzamide neuroleptics – 2. Synthesis and radiosynthesis of (S)-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-(3-[¹⁸F]fluoropropyl)-3-substituted-2-methoxybenzamides was written by Mukherjee, Jogeshwar. And the article was included in Applied Radiation and Isotopes in 1991.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of a fluorinated benzamide neuroleptic (I) starting from 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanol in 20-25% overall yield is reported. Radiosynthesis of II and III was carried out by nucleophilic substitution reaction of (S)-N-[1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl-5-(3-tosyloxypropyl)-2-methoxybenzamide and (S)-N-[(ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-(3-tosyloxypropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide resp., with no carrier added [¹⁸F]fluoride. Both, II and III were obtained in approx. 20-30% yields (EOS/EOB, decay corrected). Specific activities of 900-1700 Ci/mmol. for II and 800-1400 Ci/mmol. for III were obtained by reverse phase HPLC purification Total synthesis and purification time required for either II or III was 120 min from EOB. Preferential uptake of III was observed in the striatum region was observed Thus, this compound is a potentially useful ¹⁸F-fluorinated benzamide neuroleptic for imaging dopamine D-2 receptors noninvasively by using PET. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Expedient Synthesis of 3-Alkoxymethyl- and 3-Aminomethyl-Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines was written by Beutner, Gregory L.;Kuethe, Jeffrey T.;Kim, Mary M.;Yasuda, Nobuyoshi. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2009.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

An effective strategy has been developed for the preparation of 3-alkoxymethyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines, i.e. I, compounds that are currently not readily accessible by existing synthetic methods. Further manipulation of these compounds allows for access to 3-alkoxymethyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines with a variety of substitution patterns as well as 3-aminomethyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Potently inhibiting cancer cell migration with novel 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline boronic acid ROCK inhibitors was written by Dayal, Neetu;Mikek, Clinton G.;Hernandez, Delmis;Naclerio, George A.;Yin Chu, Elizabeth Fei;Carter-Cooper, Brandon A.;Lapidus, Rena G.;Sintim, Herman O.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019.Formula: C8H9BO4 This article mentions the following:

Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) are ubiquitously expressed in most adult tissues, and are involved in modulating the cytoskeleton, protein synthesis and degradation pathways, synaptic function, and autophagy to list a few. A few ROCK inhibitors, such as fasudil and netarsudil, are approved for clin. use. Here we present a new ROCK inhibitor, boronic acid containing HSD1590, which is more potent than netarsudil at binding to or inhibiting ROCK enzymic activities. This compound exhibits single digit nanomolar binding to ROCK (Kds < 2 nM) and sub-nanomolar enzymic inhibition profile (ROCK2 IC50 is 0.5 nM for HSD1590; Netarsudil, an FDA-approved drug, inhibited ROCK2 with IC50 = 11 nM under similar conditions). Whereas netarsudil was cytotoxic to breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 (greater than 80% growth inhibition at concentrations greater than 5 μM), HSD1590 displayed low cytotoxicity to MDA-MB-231. Interestingly, at 1 μM HSD1590 inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 whereas netarsudil did not. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Formyl-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid (cas: 480424-49-5Formula: C8H9BO4).

3-Formyl-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid (cas: 480424-49-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Formula: C8H9BO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Chemoinformatics-Driven Design of New Physical Solvents for Selective CO₂ Absorption was written by Orlov, Alexey A.;Demenko, Daryna Yu.;Bignaud, Charles;Valtz, Alain;Marcou, Gilles;Horvath, Dragos;Coquelet, Christophe;Varnek, Alexandre;de Meyer, Frederick. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2021.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

The removal of CO₂ from gases is an important industrial process in the transition to a low-carbon economy. The use of selective phys. (co-)solvents is especially perspective in cases when the amount of CO₂ is large as it enables one to lower the energy requirements for solvent regeneration. However, only a few phys. solvents have found industrial application and the design of new ones can pave the way to more efficient gas treatment techniques. Exptl. screening of gas solubility is a labor-intensive process, and solubility modeling is a viable strategy to reduce the number of solvents subject to exptl. measurements. In this paper, a chemoinformatics-based modeling workflow was applied to build a predictive model for the solubility of CO₂ and four other industrially important gases (CO, CH₄, H₂, and N₂). A dataset containing solubilities of gases in 280 solvents was collected from literature sources and supplemented with the new data for six solvents measured in the present study. A modeling workflow based on the usage of several state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms was applied to establish quant. structure-solubility relationships. The best models were used to perform virtual screening of the industrially produced chems. It enabled the identification of compounds with high predicted CO₂ solubility and selectivity toward other gases. The prediction for one of the compounds, 4-methylmorpholine, was confirmed exptl. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Selective Hydrosilylation of Alkynes with Octaspherosilicate (HSiMe₂O)₈Si₈O₁₂ was written by Stefanowska, Kinga;Franczyk, Adrian;Szyling, Jakub;Pyziak, Mikolaj;Pawluc, Piotr;Walkowiak, Jedrzej. And the article was included in Chemistry – An Asian Journal in 2018.COA of Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Comprehensive studies on Pt-catalyzed hydrosilylation of a wide range of terminal and internal alkynes with spherosilicate (HSiMe₂O)₈Si₈O₁₂ (1a) were performed. The influence of the reaction parameters and the types of reagents and catalysts on the efficiency of the process, which enabled the creation of a versatile and selective method to synthesize olefin octafunctionalized octaspherosilicates, was studied. Within this work, twenty novel 1,2-(E)-disubstituted and 1,1,2-(E)-trisubstituted alkenyl-octaspherosilicates (3a–m, 6n–t) were selectively obtained with high yields, and fully characterized (¹H, ¹³C, ²⁹Si NMR, FTIR, MALDI TOF or TOF MS ES⁺ anal.). Also, the mol. structure of (Me₃Si(H)C:C(H)SiMe₂O)₈Si₈O₁₂ (3a) was determined by x-ray crystallog. for the 1st time. The developed procedures are the 1st that allow selective hydrosilylation of terminal silyl, germyl, aryl, and alkyl alkynes with 1a, as well as the direct introduction of sixteen functional groups into the 1a structure by the hydrosilylation of internal alkynes. This method constituted a powerful tool for the synthesis of hyperbranched compounds with a Si-O based cubic core. The resulting products, owing to their unique structure and physicochem. properties, are considered novel, multifunctional, hybrid, and nanometric building blocks, intended for the synthesis of star-shaped mols. or macromols., as well as nanofillers and polymer modifiers. In the presented syntheses, com. available reagents and catalysts were used, so these methods can be easily repeated, rapidly scaled up, and widely applied. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8COA of Formula: C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).COA of Formula: C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Photocontrolled Radical Polymerization from Hydridic C-H Bonds was written by Stache, Erin E.;Kottisch, Veronika;Fors, Brett P.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020.Formula: C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Given the ubiquity of carbon-hydrogen bonds in biomols. and polymer backbones, the development of a photocontrolled polymerization selectively grafting from a C-H bond represents a powerful strategy for polymer conjugation. This approach would circumvent the need for complex synthetic pathways currently used to introduce functionality at a polymer chain end. On this basis, we developed a hydrogen-atom abstraction strategy that allows for a controlled polymerization selectively from a hydridic C-H bond using a benzophenone photocatalyst, a trithiocarbonate-derived disulfide, and visible light. We performed the polymerization from a variety of ethers, alkanes, unactivated C-H bonds, and alcs. Our method lends itself to photocontrol which has important implications for building advanced macromol. architectures. Finally, we demonstrate that we can graft polymer chains controllably from poly(ethylene glycol) showcasing the potential application of this method for controlled grafting from C-H bonds of commodity polymers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Formula: C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Formula: C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cross-linked polyphosphazene blends as robust CO₂ separation membranes was written by Kusuma, Victor A.;McNally, Joshua S.;Baker, James S.;Tong, Zi;Zhu, Lingxiang;Orme, Christopher J.;Stewart, Frederick F.;Hopkinson, David P.. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2020.Formula: C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

An effective crosslinking technique allows a viscous and highly gas-permeable hydrophilic polyphosphazene to be cast as solid membrane films. By judicious blending with other polyphosphazenes to improve the mech. properties, a membrane exhibiting the highest CO₂ permeability (610 barrer) among polyphosphazenes combined with a good CO₂/N₂ selectivity (35) was synthesized and described here. The material demonstrates performance stability after 500 h of exposure to a coal-fired power plant flue gas, making it attractive for use in carbon capture applications. Its CO₂/N₂ selectivity under conditions up to full humidity is also stable, and although the gas permeability does decline, the performance is fully recovered upon drying. The high mol. weight of these heteropolymers also allows them to be cast as a thin selective layer on an asym. porous membrane, yielding a CO₂ permeance of 1200 GPU and a CO₂/N₂ pure gas selectivity of 31, which does not decline over 2000 h. In addition to gas separation membranes, this cross-linked polyphosphazene can potentially be extended to other applications, such as drug delivery or proton exchange membranes, which take advantage of the polyphosphazene’s versatile chem. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Formula: C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Formula: C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Preparation, functionalization and characterization of engineered carbon nanodots was written by Dordjevic, Luka;Arcudi, Francesca;Prato, Maurizio. And the article was included in Nature Protocols in 2019.Related Products of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Carbon-based dots (CDs) and their functionalized (nano)composites have recently attracted attention due to their seemingly easy preparation and numerous potential applications, ranging from those in the biomedical field (i.e., imaging and drug delivery) to those in (opto)electronics (i.e., solar cells and LEDs). This protocol details step-by-step procedures for synthesis, purification, functionalization and characterization of nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (NCNDs), which we have been preparing for the past few years. First, we describe the bottom-up synthesis of NCNDs, starting with the use of mol. precursors (arginine (Arg) and ethylenediamine (EDA)) and making use of microwave-assisted hydrothermal heating. We also provide guidelines for the purification of these materials, through either dialysis or low-pressure sizeexclusion chromatog. (SEC). Second, we outline post-functionalization procedures for the surface modification of NCNDs, such as alkylation and amidation reactions. Third, we provide instructions for the preparation of NCNDs with different properties, such as color emission, electrochem. and chirality. Given the fast evolution of preparations and applications of CDs, issues that might arise from artifacts, errors and impurities should be avoided. In this context, the present protocol aims to provide details and guidelines for the synthesis of high-quality nanomaterials with high reproducibility, for various applications. Furthermore, specific needs might require the CDs to be prepared by different synthetic procedures and/or from different mol. precursors, but such CDs can still benefit from the purification and characterization procedures outlined in this protocol. The sample preparation takes various time frames, ranging from 4 to 18 d, depending on the adopted synthesis and purification steps. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Related Products of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Related Products of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Identification of the orsellinic acid synthase PKS63787 for the biosynthesis of antroquinonols in Antrodia cinnamomea was written by Yu, Po-Wei;Cho, Ting-Yu;Liou, Ruey-Fen;Tzean, Shean-Shong;Lee, Tzong-Huei. And the article was included in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology in 2017.Reference of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Antrodia cinnamomea, an endemic basidiomycete used as a health food in Taiwan, is known to synthesize antroquinonols, which were reported to have notable medicinal potential in oncol. and immunol. However, the biosynthetic pathway of these compounds is currently unclear. Our previous study showed that a pks63787 knockout mutant of A. cinnamomea (Δpks63787) is deficient in the biosynthesis of several aromatic metabolites. In this study, we pointed by phylogenetic anal. that pks63787 likely encodes an orsellinic acid synthase. Moreover, amendment of the cultural medium with orsellinic acid not only restores the ability of Δpks63787 to produce its major pigment and other deficient metabolites, e.g., antroquinonols, but also enhances the productivity of several antroquinonols, including 2 new compounds antroquinonols L and M. These results provide direct evidence that the PKS63787 is involved in the biosynthesis of antroquinonols and confirmed our hypothesis that the 6-methylcyclohexenone moiety was synthesized via the PKS63787-mediated polyketide pathway. In conclusion, PKS63787 might function as orsellinic acid synthase and orsellinic acid is an important precursor indispensable for the biosynthesis of the major pigment and antroquinonols in A. cinnamomea. To facilitate further basic or applied study, a putative biosynthesis pathway map of antroquinonols is proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Reference of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Reference of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem