Tag: 100-200

Experimental and theoretical studies on the pyrolysis mechanism of β-1-type lignin dimer model compound was written by Jiang, Xiao-Yan;Lu, Qiang;Ye, Xiao-Ning;Hu, Bin;Dong, Chang-Qing. And the article was included in BioResources in 2016.Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

A β-1-type lignin dimer, 1,2-bis(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol was employed as a model compound in this study. The pyrolysis mechanisms and formation pathways of the pyrolytic products were investigated by using d. functional theory (DFT) calculations and anal. pyrolysis-gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Four possible initial pyrolysis mechanisms were proposed, including the C_α-C_β homolysis mechanism and three concerted decomposition mechanisms (1, 2, and 3). Results indicated that the lignin dimer decomposed via two concerted decomposition mechanisms, forming 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 1,3-dimethoxy-5-vinylbenzene, 3-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde, and 3-methoxybenzaldehyde. 3,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde was the major product, accounting for greater than 50% of all pyrolytic products. In addition to the two concerted decomposition mechanisms, C_α-C_β homolysis was a secondary pyrolysis mechanism during the lignin dimer pyrolysis process, and the pyrolytic products included 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl alc., 3,5-dimethoxyphenethyl alc., 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, and 1,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzene. A third concerted decomposition mechanism was judged to be the least likely pathway to occur because of the high activation energy requirement. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Toward practical issues: Identification and mitigation of the impurity effect in glyme solvents on the reversibility of Mg plating/stripping in Mg batteries was written by Yang, Zhenzhen;Yang, Mengxi;Hahn, Nathan T.;Connell, Justin;Bloom, Ira;Liao, Chen;Ingram, Brian J.;Trahey, Lynn. And the article was included in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) in 2022.Quality Control of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

Reversible electrochem. magnesium plating/stripping processes are important for the development of high-energy-d. Mg batteries based on Mg anodes. Ether glyme solutions such as monoglyme (G1), diglyme (G2), and triglyme (G3) with the MgTFSI2 salt are one of the conventional and commonly used electrolytes that can obtain the reversible behavior of Mg electrodes. However, the electrolyte cathodic efficiency is argued to be limited due to the enormous parasitic reductive decomposition and passivation, which is governed by impurities. In this work, a systematic identification of the impurities in these systems and their effect on the Mg deposition-dissolution processes is reported. The mitigation methods generally used for eliminating impurities are evaluated, and their beneficial effects on the improved reactivity are also discussed. By comparing the performances, we proposed a necessary conditioning protocol that can be easy to handle and much safer toward the practical application of MgTFSI2/glyme electrolytes containing impurities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Quality Control of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Quality Control of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

1,2,3-Benzotrianzin-4-ones and related systems. II. Thermolytic decomposition of substituted 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-ones and isatoic anhydrides was written by Archer, John G.;Barker, Alan J.;Smalley, Robert K.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) in 1973.HPLC of Formula: 5367-32-8 This article mentions the following:

Thermolysis of substituted 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-ones gave 2-(2-amino- phenyl)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones. Thus, 7-chloro-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one (I) gave 2-(2-amino-4-chloro- phenyl)-7-chloro-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one (II). Substituted isatoic anhydrides behaved similarly. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8HPLC of Formula: 5367-32-8).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.HPLC of Formula: 5367-32-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tandem catalytic oxidative deacetylation of acetoacetic esters and heteroaromatic cyclizations was written by Ju, Yeming;Miao, Di;Yu, Ruiyang;Koo, Sangho. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2015.Computed Properties of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

One pot syntheses of furan, thiophene, and pyrrole were accomplished by oxidative deacetylation using Mn(III)/Co(II) catalysts and the Paal-Knorr reaction from 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds, which are prepared from the conjugate addition of Et acetoacetate to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds The oxidative deacetylation and reductive cyclization of β-ketoesters derived from Et acetoacetate and o-nitrobenzyl bromides efficiently produced diversely substituted indoles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Computed Properties of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Computed Properties of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Chemotaxonomic potential of exocrine alkyl esters in julid millipedes (Diplopoda: Julidae: Cylindroiulini) was written by Bodner, Michaela;Vagalinski, Boyan;Raspotnig, Guenther. And the article was included in Biochemical Systematics and Ecology in 2018.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

There are numerous chemotaxonomic studies on arthropods, but such are largely missing for millipedes. This appears curious since particularly in millipedes, the major taxa are clearly distinctive by different exocrine products, such as alkaloids (Glomerida), terpenoids (Polyzoniida), phenolics and cyanogens (Polydesmida), and benzoquinones (Juliformia). However, there is low within-taxon variation of the chems. mentioned which – in almost invariable blends – characterize the particular taxa. The Julida, for instance, one of the three orders of Juliformia, typically produce uniformly composed benzoquinonic secretion profiles across most species, not showing enough heterogeneity for chemotaxonomy. Recently, however, a new class of julid exocrine products, namely complex bends of alkyl esters has been reported. We here tested the chemotaxonomic potential of these compounds by performing a comprehensive study on alkyl esters across the julid tribe Cylindroiulini. Exocrine secretions of 20 species from all five cylindroiuline genera (Allajulus, Cylindroiulus, Enantiulus, Kryphioiulus, Styrioiulus) were analyzed by gas chromatog. – mass spectrometry. Apart from typical benzoquinones, 33 alkyl esters and 1 alkenyl ester belonging to hexyl-, octyl-, octenyl- and nonyl-esters with saturated and mono-unsaturated acid moieties ranging from C₁₃ – C₁₈ were detected. Only two species (Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus and C. luridus) exhibited no esters at all. Ester profiles appeared to be specific, indicating five major chem. groups in cylindroiulines, characterized by specific ester arrangements. We here provide evidence for (i) the widespread occurrence of alkyl esters in the Julidae, (ii) their high specificity, (iii) their intra-species stability, (iv) along with sufficient inter-species variability, rendering them promising novel tools for millipede chemotaxonomy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bismuth(III)-mandelate/DMSO: a new oxidizing system for the catalyzed carbon-carbon cleavage of epoxides was written by Zevaco, Thomas;Dunach, Elisabet;Postel, Michele. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1993.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

Bi(III)-mandelate was found to be an effective catalyst for the oxidative C-C bond cleavage of epoxides and their transformation into carboxylic acids in anhydrous DMSO medium. Thus, 1,7-octadiene 1,2-oxide (I) was treated with the title catalyst in Me₂SO at 90° for 24 h to give 50% CH₂:CH(CH₂)₄CO₂H. Similar treatment of styrene oxide at 75° for 22 h gave 60% PhCO₂H. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Straightforward synthesis of nonconjugated cyclohex-3-enone and conjugated 4-methylenecyclohex-2-enone derivatives was written by Kuttner, Julian R.;Warratz, Svenja;Hilt, Gerhard. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2012.Application of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of nonconjugated cyclohex-3-enones via the regiodivergent cobalt-catalyzed Diels-Alder reactions of 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)buta-1,3-diene with alkynes and hydrolysis of the dihydroarom. intermediates is described. The application of bidentate phosphine ligands vs. pyridine-imine ligands led to the regioselective formation of one out of the two possible regioisomeric products when terminal or unsym. substituted alkynes were applied. The cyclohex-3-enone products were isolated mostly in good yields without isomerization of the carbon-carbon double bond into conjugation based on the mild reaction conditions. The use of acetoxymethyl-substituted alkynes led to the conjugated 4-methylenecyclohex-2-enones after deprotection of the silyl enol ether. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Application of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Construction of substituted pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolines via [5+1] cyclization of pyrazole-arylamines with alcohols/amines in one pot was written by Tang, Dong;Mu, Yangxiu;Iqbal, Zafar;He, Lili;Jiang, Rui;Hou, Jing;Yang, Zhixiang;Yang, Minghua. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2022.Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

An efficient protocol had been developed for the synthesis of pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline derivatives I [R¹ = Me, Ph, 3-pyridyl, etc.; R² = Ph, 4-MeC₆H₄, 4-ClC₆H₄, 4-BrC₆H₄, 4-NCC₆H₄; R³ = Ph, 1-naphthyl, 2-thienyl, etc.], by reacting (1H-pyrazol-5-yl)anilines and readily available alcs./amines. A wide range of substrates with diverse functional groups were smoothly converted to the corresponding products in moderate to good yields, under optimal reaction conditions. Furthermore, the strategy also proceeded well with thiol and amino acid to access pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A Natural Product Inspired Tetrahydropyran Collection Yields Mitosis Modulators that Synergistically Target CSE1L and Tubulin was written by Voigt, Tobias;Gerding-Reimers, Claas;Ngoc Tran, Tuyen Thi;Bergmann, Sabrina;Lachance, Hugo;Schoelermann, Beate;Brockmeyer, Andreas;Janning, Petra;Ziegler, Slava;Waldmann, Herbert. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2013.HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

A collection of 150 tetrahydropyran derivatives are prepared via Prins cyclization. Of theses compounds, tubulexins A (I), B and C are identified which are modulators of mitosis and inhibit tubulin polymerization In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Mono-N-Alkylation of Sulfonamides with Alcohols Catalyzed by Iridium N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Phosphine Complexes was written by Li, Xingzhen;Peters, Bram B. C.;Tan, Min;He, Lei;Yang, Jianping;Andersson, Pher G.;Zhou, Taigang. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Application of 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

A N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphine iridium complex was presented for the efficient and selective mono-N-alkylation of sulfonamides with alcs. based on a borrowing hydrogenation strategy. Herein, water was the only byproduct and this methodol. thus offered a more environmentally benign and interesting alternative to the use of traditional alkylating reagents. This facile protocol tolerated a large number of (hetero) aromatic and aliphatic sulfonamides as well as (hetero) aromatic and aliphatic alcs. to obtain the desired product is high isolated yield (up to 98%). The alkylation completely retarded after the formation of the secondary sulfonamide and no over-alkylation was observed in all cases. The option to run the reaction under solvent-free conditions as well as the scalability of this borrowing hydrogenation were key features of this protocol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Application of 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application of 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem