Tag: 100-200

Dehydrogenative and Redox-Neutral N-Heterocyclization of Aminoalcohols Catalyzed by Manganese Pincer Complexes was written by Zubar, Viktoriia;Brzozowska, Aleksandra;Sklyaruk, Jan;Rueping, Magnus. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 5367-32-8 This article mentions the following:

A new Mn catalyzed heterocyclization of aminoalcs. was accomplished. A wide range of heterocycles were synthesized including, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines, dihydroquinolinones and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azepines. The reaction was performed under mild reaction conditions using air and moisture stable Mn catalysts. The desired heterocycles were obtained in good to excellent yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8HPLC of Formula: 5367-32-8).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.HPLC of Formula: 5367-32-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Controlling the selectivity to chemicals from lignin via catalytic fast pyrolysis was written by Ma, Zhiqiang;Troussard, Ekaterina;van Bokhoven, Jeroen A.. And the article was included in Applied Catalysis, A: General in 2012.HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

The catalytic fast pyrolysis of alk. lignin to useful chems. was investigated using zeolite catalysts with different acidity and pore size. The catalyst played dual roles in this process. In its acid form, it catalytically converted the depolymerized intermediates into desirable and more stable products. This and their surface prevented repolymn. and coke formation. The yield of liquid and the selectivity to desired products can be controlled by tuning of the acidity and pore size of the catalyst. Using no catalyst yielded 40 weight% of liquid, which mainly consisted of 6 weight% (carbon yield) of phenols and 19 weight% (carbon yield) of phenol alkoxy species. The highest yield of phenol alkoxy species was obtained over H-ZSM5 of extremely low number of acid sites; liquid yield of 51 weight% and carbon yield of 24 weight%. The highest yield of liquid (75 weight%) was obtained over H-USY, which had the largest pore size and lowest Si/Al ratio, thus the largest number of acid sites among all the catalyst tested; the carbon yield of aromatic hydrocarbons was around 40 weight% at 650 °C. Depolymerized lignin products undergo consecutive reaction to form phenol alkoxy, phenols, and eventually aromatic hydrocarbons. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Governing Role of Solvent on Discharge Activity in Lithium-CO₂ Batteries was written by Khurram, Aliza;Yin, Yuming;Yan, Lifu;Zhao, Lingling;Gallant, Betar M.. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters in 2019.Product Details of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Non-aqueous Li-CO₂ batteries reported in literature have almost exclusively relied upon glyme-based electrolytes, leading to a hypothesis that they are uniquely active for CO₂ discharge. Here, we study the effect of electrolyte composition on CO₂ activity to examine whether this is the case. The results indicate that TEGDME-based electrolytes containing moderate concentrations of Li⁺ salts (roughly 0.7-2M examined here) are most conducive to CO₂ activation, especially compared to DMSO and propylene carbonate-based electrolytes. Through electrochem., spectroscopic, and computational methods, we determine that glymes have lower desolvation energies for Li⁺ compared to other solvent candidates, whereas high salt concentrations increase the local d. of Li⁺ surrounding CO₂ and reduction intermediates. These attributes collectively increase the availability of Li⁺, crossing a threshold necessary to support CO₂ activation. Discharge voltage and reaction rates are also sensitive to the alkali cation identity, further invoking its key role in enabling or suppressing reactivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Product Details of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Product Details of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Kinetics of oxidation of phenoxyacetic acids by quinolinium fluorochromate was written by Karunakaran, K.. And the article was included in Polish Journal of Chemistry in 1998.Application of 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

The kinetics of oxidn of 21 PhOCH₂CO₂H derivatives by quinolinium fluorochromate were studied in binary solvent mixtures CH₂:CHCN has no effect on the oxidation rates in dipolar protic solvents, but in aprotic solvents it decreases the oxidation rates. In both solvent systems there exists an equilibrium prior to the rate-determining step, followed by irreversible decomposition of the complex. The calculated rate constants correlate well with Hammett σ values, and suitable mechanisms were proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application of 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application of 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Methyl allyl ether formation in plants: novel S-adenosyl L-methionine:coniferyl alcohol 9-O-methyltransferase from suspension cultures of three Linum species was written by Berim, Anna;Schneider, Bernd;Petersen, Maike. And the article was included in Plant Molecular Biology in 2007.Product Details of 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

A novel 41 kDa methyltransferase displaying high regiospecificity towards the allylic hydroxyl moiety of coniferyl alc. was cloned from suspension cultures of Linum nodiflorum L. and expressed in E. coli. The apparent K_m for coniferyl alc. is 7.23 μM with a V_max of 707.5 pkat mg^-1 protein at 30°, whereas the K_m for the co-substrate S-adenosyl-l-methionine is 18.5 μM. Structure-function relationship studies revealed stringent structure requirements. Even minor substructure deviations as the side-chain saturation or changes in the Ph ring substitution result in activities decreased by 75-90%. Crotyl and allyl alcs. are not substrates, confirming that the aromatic ring itself is indispensable, and solely the derivatives with a C₃ side-chain are accepted. The enzyme shares only similarities under 46% on amino acid level with other known methyltransferases. The designated reaction product, coniferyl alc. 9-Me ether, could be detected in suspension cells. The highest content of up to 0.02% of the dry mass is concurrent with an increase of the specific enzyme activity that reaches its maximum of 3.94 pkat mg^-1 on day 6 of the culture period. Transcript levels estimated by semi-quant. RT-PCR remain constant until day 6 and recede thereafter. The corresponding methyltransferase from Linum flavum L. differs mainly by one short variable fragment. Biochem. characterization revealed a higher catalytic efficiency and a slightly broader substrate plasticity together with a lower sensitivity to the presence of Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺. This is to our knowledge the first report of a regiospecific allylic O-methylation of phenylpropanoids in plants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Product Details of 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Product Details of 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The volume properties of selected glymes in N,N-dimethylformamide + water mixtures. The hydrophobic hydration process of glymes was written by Komudzinska, Marlena;Jozwiak, Malgorzata;Tyczynska, Magdalena;Burakowski, Andrzej;Glinski, Jacek. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2022.Reference of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

This paper presents the d. of selected glymes (monoglyme, diglyme, triglyme and tetraglyme) in N,N-dimethylformamide + water mixtures at four temperatures: 293.15 K, 298.15 K, 303.15 K and 308.15 K. The d. data were used to calculate the apparent molar volumes (VΦ,m) and limiting apparent molar volumes (V0Φ,m = V0m), as well as the limiting molar expansion volume coefficient E0p,m. Changes in the obtained values of the physicochem. parameters, as functions of composition and temperature, were analyzed in terms of the mol. interactions and structural differentiation of the investigated systems. The process of hydrophobic hydration of the studied glymes is visible in the area of high water content in the mixture In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Reference of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Reference of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tetramethyleneethane Equivalents: Recursive Reagents for Serialized Cycloadditions was written by Wender, Paul A.;Jeffreys, Matthew S.;Raub, Andrew G.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2015.Safety of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne This article mentions the following:

New reactions and reagents that allow for multiple bond-forming events per synthetic operation are required to achieve structural complexity and thus value with step-, time-, cost-, and waste-economy. Here we report a new class of reagents that function like tetramethyleneethane (TME), allowing for back-to-back [4 + 2] cycloadditions, thereby amplifying the complexity-increasing benefits of Diels-Alder and metal-catalyzed cycloadditions The parent recursive reagent, 2,3-dimethylene-4-trimethylsilylbutan-1-ol (DMTB), is readily available from the metathesis of ethylene and THP-protected 4-trimethylsilylbutyn-1-ol. DMTB and related reagents engage diverse dienophiles in an initial Diels-Alder or metal-catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition, triggering a subsequent vinylogous Peterson elimination that recursively generates a new diene for a second cycloaddition Overall, this multicomponent catalytic cascade produces in one operation carbo- and heterobicyclic building blocks for the synthesis of a variety of natural products, therapeutic leads, imaging agents, and materials. Its application to the three step synthesis of a new solvatochromic fluorophore, N-ethyl(6-N,N-dimethylaminoanthracene-2,3-dicarboximide) (6-DMA), and the photophys. characterization of this fluorophore are described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Safety of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Safety of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of novel polyethers with abundant reactive sites and diverse skeletons based on the ring-opening reaction of D-A cyclopropanes was written by Wu, Shuai;Li, Jun-Fang;Sun, Xiu-Li;Wang, Xiao-Yan;Tang, Yong. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2020.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Based on the ring-opening reaction of D-A cyclopropanes, a facile synthesis of novel polyethers is developed with mol. weights up to 17.7 kg mol^-1. The resulting polymers possess diverse skeletons and abundant reactive gem-diester groups, which could be conveniently transformed into polyethers with a novel topol. or bearing carboxylic acid groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Comparison of LiTDI and LiPDI salts and influence of their perfluoroalkyl side-chain on association and electrochemical properties in triglyme was written by Broszkiewicz, Marek;Zalewska, Aldona;Niedzicki, Leszek. And the article was included in Ionics in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

For the first time, the effect of minor structural changes to the electrolyte salt on solution properties is investigated exptl. It was achieved by decomposition of the overall changes into individual components. It allowed to obtain information on the contradicting effects influence on the final result. This study is focused on comparison of two lithium salts: lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl) imidazolide (LiTDI) and lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(pentafluoroethyl) imidazolide (LiPDI). LiTDI is a very promising salt for lithium-ion battery application. PDI^– anion differs from TDI^– only in length of perfluorinated alkyl chain. Triethylene glycol di-Me ether (triglyme) solutions of both salts in a wide range of concentrations were prepared Triglyme was chosen as a solvent due to number of oxygen atoms which allows for fulfilment of lithium cation coordination sphere. Use of such similar salts in a model system allows us to find the correlation between salt structure and properties of electrolyte. Conductivity, viscosity, lithium transference number, thermal properties and FTIR spectra were measured for all solutions Ionic fractions were also estimated by Fuoss-Kraus formalism. Obtained results showed that electrochem. properties of electrolyte are result of several opposing factors. Transference numbers are mostly dependent on association We have also observed interesting correlation between thermal properties and conductivity In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Simultaneous screening for chemically diverse micropollutants in public water bodies in Japan by high-performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry was written by Xie, Li;Nakajima, Fumiyuki;Kasuga, Ikuro;Kurisu, Futoshi. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2021.Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

An improved assessment of environmental risks to public water bodies requires screening a large number of micropollutants. This study reports the development of a novel target screening method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE), HPLC, and high-resolution Orbitrap MS for the anal. of micropollutants with diverse chem. properties. First, target compounds were screened for their detectability by Orbitrap MS. An optimized SPE cartridge and HPLC column maximized recovery and separated most target compounds The sensitivity and repeatability of the method was validated by determining the detection limits and relative standard deviation (RSD). Eighty-four compounds with highly diverse properties were simultaneously detected with detection limits of 0.1-100 ng/L. Of these compounds, 52 were quantitated, with R2 �0.99 by linearity anal. and SPE recovery ratios of �0%. The remaining 32 compounds were qual. detected, with R2 < 0.99 or SPE recovery ratio of <50%. Satisfactory repeatability was obtained (RSD < 13.5%). This method was applied to the surveillance of the Arakawa River in Japan in 2019. Thirty-two compounds, including pesticides, surfactants, plasticizers, adhesives, and industrial solvents, were detected in the river. The measured concentrations of 13 compounds were compared with their predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs). Decanoic acid showed a higher concentration than the corresponding PNEC value, suggesting that its risk to the Arakawa water environment required further evaluation. The concentrations of dicyclohexylamine, 1,3-diphenylguanidine, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were higher than their corresponding PNEC/10 values, demonstrating that these compounds were of higher priority than other compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem