Tag: 100-200

Effect of the Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Pendants on Physicochemical Properties: Applications Based on Cyclotriphosphazene Core was written by Ozcan, Elif;Uslu, Aylin. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2021.Synthetic Route of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

This study focused on investigating the effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituents on the physicochem. properties for medical applications. In this study, to understand the effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituents on physicochem. parameters such as lipophilicity and thermosensitivity, a series of cis-tris nongeminal [N₃P₃(R1-4)₃(Ra-f)₃] cyclotriphosphazenes [R1-4=diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DEGME), triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TEGME), methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG350), methoxypolyethylene glycol-550 (mPEG550); (2-5) resp.; Ra-f=pyrazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, imidazole, 2-Me imidazole, benzimidazole, 5,6-di-Me benzimidazole, [2(a-f), 3(a-f), 4(a-f), 5(a-f)] resp.] were synthesized and fully characterized by mass, ³¹P and ¹H NMR spectroscopies. Solubility and thermosensitivity based on substituent dependent LCST (lower critical solution temperature) behavior of all synthesized mols. are investigated. Each compound analyzed by HPLC to determine the lipophilicity values (logP_o/w) between n-octanol and water. A good correlation (r = 0.9975 and R² = 0.9948) was observed between the exptl. determined logP_o/w and estimated milogP values. The results showed that LCST values of the reported compounds were linearly correlated with their lipophilicity values. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Synthetic Route of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Synthetic Route of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Ketones via Perfluoroalkylation of Esters Using HFC-23 and HFC-125 under a KHMDS-Triglyme System was written by Fujihira, Yamato;Iwasaki, Hiroto;Sumii, Yuji;Adachi, Hiroaki;Kagawa, Takumi;Shibata, Norio. And the article was included in Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan in 2022.Reference of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Herein, a method for the chem. transformation of two HFCs, viz was described. HFC-23 and HFC-125, based on the continuous-flow perfluoroalkylation of esters to synthesize the pharmaceutically and agrochem. vital trifluoromethyl and pentafluoroethyl ketones. The combination of a potassium base and a glyme solvent system was found to be the most effective. The proposed method was attractive for industrial use because it allows the consumption of a large volume of HFCs, promotes the synthesis of high-value medicinal compounds, and serves as an ideal alternative to the current HFC decomposition processes like thermal plasma treatment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Reference of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Reference of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Solvation enthalpy of selected glymes in the mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with propan-1-ol or methanol at 298.15 K. The solvent contribution to the solvation enthalpy of glymes was written by Jozwiak, Malgorzata;Ludzik, Katarzyna;Cokot, Maria;Jozwiak, Andrzej;Klys, Arkadiusz. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2020.Recommanded Product: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

The enthalpies of solution of monoglyme, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, pentaglyme and hexaglyme in N,N-dimethylforamide+propan-1-ol mixtures have been measured at 298.15 K. The preferential solvation process of glymes mols. in the mixtures of N,N-dimethylformamide with methanol or propan-1-ol has been discussed. Then the contribution of DMF, PrOH, and MeOH to the solvation enthalpy of group (-CH2- and -O-) of glymes has been calculated On the basis of the obtained data, the effect of the structural and energetic properties of the N,N-dimethylforamide+propan-1-ol mixtures on the solution enthalpy of glymes in this mixtures has been analyzed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Recommanded Product: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Self-Isomerized-Cyclometalated Rhodium NHC Complexes as Active Catalysts in the Hydrosilylation of Internal Alkynes was written by van Vuuren, Estefan;Malan, Frederick P.;Cordier, Werner;Nell, Margo;Landman, Marile. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

A range of unique Rh-based bidentate NHC complexes that are formed in a base free-tandem isomerization/cyclometalation process, were synthesized (1–4) from a range of imidazolium salts with an N-alkenyl tether. Cyclometalation occurred with complex 1 leading to an unprecedented complex, which is the 1st and only example in literature of a nonaromatic C(sp²)-H activation leading to a C(sp³)-Rh cyclometalated product with a concomitant intramol./isomerization process. Dealkylation of the N-alkenyl substituent occurred to form byproducts that showed metal N-coordination (1b and 2b). These byproducts, 1b and 2b, were further reacted with the anion exchange reagent NH₄PF₆ to form the dimeric complexes 1bd and 2bd. All the complexes were applied as precatalysts in the hydrosilylation of internal alkynes with excellent performance (conversions of 66-100%) after only 1 h at 80° without the use of an additive. Anticancer studies showed that complexes presented with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 3.71 to 25.85μM. Depending on the cell line, complex 4 was the most cytotoxic complex, especially in the BT-20 triple-neg. breast carcinoma, MCF-12A nontumorigenic mammary gland cell, MDA-MB-231 triple-neg. breast carcinoma and MCF-7/TAMR-1 tamoxifen-resistant subtype of the MCF-7 estrogen- and progesterone-pos. luminal breast carcinoma cell lines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8HPLC of Formula: 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).HPLC of Formula: 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Preparation of Optically Enriched 3-Hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones by Heterogeneous Catalytic Cascade Reaction over Supported Platinum Catalyst was written by Szollosi, Gyoergy;Makra, Zsolt;Kovacs, Lenke;Fueloep, Ferenc;Bartok, Mihaly. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2013.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

The development of a novel heterogeneous catalytic asym. cascade reaction for the synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines from 2-nitrophenylpyruvatesis reported. Optically enriched 3-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones I (R = Et, Me, X = H, 3-Me, 4-Me, 5-Me, 6-Me, 3-MeO, 5-MeO, 3-iso-Pr, 4-F, 5-F, 6-F, Y = H, 5-Me) are prepared from pyruvates II by enantioselective hydrogenation of the activated keto group over a Cinchona alkaloid-modified Pt catalyst, reduction of the nitro group and spontaneous cyclization cascade. Acceleration of the enantioselective hydrogenation of the activated keto group over the catalyst modified by Cinchona alkaloids ensured high tetrahydroquinolinone selectivities. The scope of the reaction was checked using twelve substrates. Both yields and enantioselectivities were significantly influenced by the nature and position of the substituents on the Ph ring. Substituents adjacent to the nitro group considerably increased the product yield, due to their effect on the nitro group’s reduction rate; however, had only a limited effect on enantioselectivities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Studies on mixed trialkyltin derivatives. VIII. Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of methyldicyclohexyltin aryloxyacetates was written by Jiang, Li;Yang, Zhi-Qiang;Xie, Qing-Lan;Shan, Shu-Xiang. And the article was included in Huaxue Xuebao in 1995.Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of twenty X_nC₆H_5-nOCH₂CO₂SnCy₂Me (Cy = cyclohexyl; n = 1, X = H, 2-, 3-, and 4-Cl, 2- and 4-Br, 2-, 3-, and 4-Me, 2- and 4-MeO, 4-iodo, 3-NO₂; n = 2, X₂ = 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,6-, 3,4-, and 3,5-Me₂, 2-MeO-4-allyl; n = 3, X₃ = 2,4,5-Cl₃) in 90-95% yields from bis(methyldicyclohexyltin) oxide and the corresponding aryloxyacetic acids is reported. Their characterization by IR and NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ¹¹⁹Sn) spectroscopy is described. These compounds are five-coordinate, carboxylate-bridged polymers except 11 and 12. A good linear relation is found between the ¹¹⁹Sn chem. shifts and the aryl groups: δ¹¹⁹Sn = 6.23σ + 94.67, r = 0.943. The results of the preliminary bioassay showed that the compounds have better antibiotic activities to plant pathogenic fungi, herbicidal and inhibitory activities, especially high acaricidal activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Formula: C9H10O4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Antibacterial activities of some arylidene barbiturate derivatives was written by Khan, Khalid Mohammed;Ali, Muhammad;Ahmad, Aqeel;Amyn, Afroze;Karim, Aneela;Khan, Momin;Parveen, Shahnaz. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan in 2013.Reference of 57179-35-8 This article mentions the following:

A series of arylidene barbiturates 1-18 has been synthesized and evaluated against a number of Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacterial strains. Chromenopyrimidinedione derivatives 16 and 18 were found to be the most active against a number of Gram-pos. organisms while compound 13 also showed antimicrobial activity against four Gram-pos. strains. No significant activity was observed against Gram-neg. bacterial strains. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Reference of 57179-35-8).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Reference of 57179-35-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Environmental risk assessment of inter-well partitioning tracer compounds shortlisted for the offshore oil and gas industry was written by Vora, Mehul;Gamlem Njau, John-Sigvard;Sanni, Steinar;Flage, Roger. And the article was included in Energy Exploration & Exploitation in 2022.Computed Properties of C8H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Quantifying residual oil saturation (SOR) in the inter-well region of oil and gas reservoirs is key for successfully implementing EOR solutions Partitioning inter-well tracer tests (PITTs) has become a common method for quantifying SOR. A new group of seven chems. – pyridine, 2,3-di-Me pyrazine, 2,6-di-Me pyrazine, 4-methoxybenzyl alc., 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alc., 4-chlorobenzyl alc., and 2,6-dichlorobenzyl alc. – have been proposed as potential partitioning tracers for quantifying SOR. Using these tracers can lead to their environmental release in the marine environment through produced water discharges, with currently limited knowledge on impacts in the marine ecosystem. The primary objective of the present study is to assess the environmental risk of discharging the tracer compounds in the marine environment. We investigated the fate and effect of these tracers in the marine environment. Biodegradability in seawater was measured to understand the fate of tracers in the marine environment. The acute toxicity of tracers was measured in terms of the percent cell viability of a rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1) and growth inhibition of the algae Skeletonema costatum. The ecotoxicol. information obtained from these experiments was used in the dynamic risk and effects assessment model (DREAM) to calculate the tracers contribution to the environmental impact factor (EIF). The results from the DREAM simulations suggest no contribution towards EIF values from any of the tracers at the expected back-produced concentrations Results from simulations at higher concentrations suggest that both pyrazines have the lowest environmental risk, followed by 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alc., 4-methoxybenzyl alc., and pyridine; while both chlorobenzyl alcs. show the highest environmental risk. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Computed Properties of C8H10O2).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Computed Properties of C8H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Sustaining Electron Transfer Pathways Extends Biohybrid Photoelectrode Stability to Years was written by Friebe, Vincent M.;Barszcz, Agata J.;Jones, Michael R.;Frese, Raoul N.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The exploitation of natural photosynthetic enzymes in semi-artificial devices constitutes an attractive and potentially sustainable route for the conversion of solar energy into electricity and solar fuels. However, the stability of photosynthetic proteins after incorporation in a biohybrid architecture typically limits the operational lifetime of biophotoelectrodes to a few hours. Here, we demonstrate ways to greatly enhance the stability of a mesoporous electrode coated with the RC-LH1 photoprotein from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. By preserving electron transfer pathways, we extended operation under continuous high-light to 33 days, and operation after storage to over two years. Coupled with large photocurrents that reached peak values of 4.6 mA cm^-2, the optimized biophotoelectrode produced a cumulative output of 86 C cm^-2, the largest reported performance to date. Our results demonstrate that the factor limiting stability is the architecture surrounding the photoprotein, and that biohybrid sensors and photovoltaic devices with operational lifetimes of years are feasible. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Debenzylation of functionalized 4- and 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles was written by Farooq, Tahir;Sydnes, Leiv K.;Tornroos, Karl W.;Haug, Bengt Erik. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2012.Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

A range of 4- and 5-substituted N-benzyl-1,2,3-triazoles have been submitted to debenzylation using Pd/C and hydrogen in the presence of 1,1,2-trichloroethane. Triazoles with oxygen-containing substituents are efficiently debenzylated under these conditions. Triazoles with a Ph or benzyl substituent on C4 or C5 are not debenzylated, whereas a pentyl-substituted derivative was readily debenzylated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Formula: C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Formula: C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem