Tag: 100-200

Synthetic Routes to Crystalline Complex Metal Alkyl Carbonates and Hydroxycarbonates via Sol-Gel Chemistry-Perspectives for Advanced Materials in Catalysis was written by Hanf, Schirin;Lizandara-Pueyo, Carlos;Emmert, Timo Philipp;Jevtovikj, Ivana;Glaeser, Roger;Schunk, Stephan Andreas. And the article was included in Catalysts in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Metal alkoxides are easily available and versatile precursors for functional materials, such as solid catalysts. However, the poor solubility of metal alkoxides in organic solvents usually hinders their facile application in sol-gel processes and complicates access to complex carbonate or oxidic compounds after hydrolysis of the precursors. In our contribution we have therefore shown three different solubilization strategies for metal alkoxides, namely the derivatization, the hetero-metalization and CO₂ insertion. The latter strategy leads to a stoichiometric insertion of CO₂ into the metal-oxygen bond of the alkoxide and the subsequent formation of metal alkyl carbonates. These precursors can then be employed advantageously in sol-gel chem. and, after controlled hydrolysis, result in chem. defined crystalline carbonates and hydroxycarbonates. Cu- and Zn-containing carbonates and hydroxycarbonates were used in an exemplary study for the synthesis of Cu/Zn-based bulk catalysts for methanol synthesis with a final comparable catalytic activity to com. standard reference catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Interface Behavior of Electrolyte/Quinone Organic Active Material in Battery Operation by Operando Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy was written by Morino, Yusuke;Fukui, Ken-Ichi. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2022.Application of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

To elucidate the microscopic charge/discharge (delithiation/lithiation) mechanism at the interface of the electrolyte and organic cathode active material in the lithium-ion battery, we prepared a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) electrode of 1,4-benzoquinone terminated dihexyl disulfide (BQ-C6) on Au(111). An electrochem. setup with the BQ-C6 SAM as a working electrode and 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI)/triethyleneglycol dimethylether (G3) as the electrolyte was used. We adopted the shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) method to obtain sufficient Raman signal of SAM for operando Raman spectroscopy measurements by the enhancement with ~100 nm diameter Au particles coated with SiO₂ shell (average thickness = 2 nm). By this method, we succeeded in acquiring the Raman signal of the mol. monolayer on the model electrode simulating the interface between the electrolyte and the organic active material. In the cyclic voltammogram, two peaks were observed during the reduction reaction (lithiation), whereas only one peak was detected in the course of the oxidation process (delithiation). Simultaneous operando SHINERS showed a two-step spectral shape change in lithiation and coinciding (or simultaneous) one-step recovery during delithiation to match cyclic voltammetry behavior. The results indicate an asym. lithiation/delithiation mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Application of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Infrared spectra of some compounds of pharmaceutical interest was written by Sammul, Oscar R.;Brannon, Wilson L.;Hayden, Alma L.. And the article was included in Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists in 1964.Application In Synthesis of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

IR absorption spectra of new and nonofficial drugs, U.S.P. and N.F. items, solvents, and reagents are presented to supplement previously published spectra of U.S.P. and N.F. Reference Standards (CA 58, 3823g). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Application In Synthesis of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application In Synthesis of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetohydrazide was written by Liu, Gang;Gao, Jie. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online in 2012.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

The title compound, C₉H₁₂N₂O₃, was synthesized by the reaction of Et 2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)acetate with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol. In the acetohydrazide group, the N-N bond is relatively short [1.413 (2) Å], suggesting some degree of electronic delocalization in the mol. In the crystal, mols. are linked into sheets lying parallel to the ab plane by N-H···N and N-H···O hydrogen bonds. Crystallog. data are given. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Prediction of acidity constant for substituted acetic acids in water using artificial neural networks was written by Habibi-Yangjeh, Aziz;Danandeh-Jenagharad, Mohammad. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Chemistry in 2007.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Linear and non-linear quant. structure-activity relationships have been successfully developed for the modeling and prediction of acidity constant (pK_a) of 87 substituted acetic acids with diverse chem. structures. The descriptors appearing in the multi-parameter linear regression (MLR) model are considered as inputs for developing the back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN). ANN model is constructed using two mol. descriptors; the most pos. charge of acidic hydrogen atom (Q⁺) and most neg. charge of the carboxylic oxygen atom (q^–) as inputs and its output is pK_a. It has been found that properly selected and trained neural network with 53 substituted acetic acids could fairly represent dependence of the acidity constant on mol. descriptors. For evaluation of the predictive power of the generated ANN, an optimized network has been applied for prediction pK_a values of 17 compounds in the prediction set. Mean percentage deviation (MPD) for prediction set using the MLR and ANN models are 9.135 and 1.362, resp. These improvements are due to the fact that the pK_a of substituted acetic acids demonstrates non-linear correlations with the mol. descriptors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Scope and limitations of the dual-gold-catalysed hydrophenoxylation of alkynes was written by Gomez-Suarez, Adrian;Oonishi, Yoshihiro;Martin, Anthony R.;Nolan, Steven P.. And the article was included in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016.Application In Synthesis of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne This article mentions the following:

Due to the synthetic advantages presented by the dual-gold-catalyzed hydrophenoxylation of alkynes RCCR¹ (R = Et, Ph, 2-thienyl, etc.; R¹ = H, Ph, 2-thienyl, naphth-1-yl, etc.), a thorough study of this reaction was carried out in order to fully define the scope and limitations of the methodol. The protocol tolerates a wide range of functional groups, such as nitriles, ketones, esters, aldehydes, ketals, naphthyls, allyls or polyphenols, in a milder and more efficient manner than the previously reported methodologies. The highly steric hindered phenols XOH (X = 2-naphthyl, 2-HOC₆H₄, 2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl, etc.) can be used has been identified, small changes on the steric bulk of the alkynes have a dramatic effect on the reactivity. More importantly, the use of substrates that facilitate the formation of diaurated species such as gem-diaurated or σ,π- digold-acetylide species, hinder the catalytic activity has been observed Moreover, the use of directing groups in unsym. alkynes can help to achieve high regioselectivity in the hydrophenoxylation has been identified. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Application In Synthesis of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application In Synthesis of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cucurbit[n]urils (n = 7, 8) can strongly bind neutral hydrophilic molecules in water was written by Li, Ming-Shuang;Quan, Mao;Yang, Xi-Ran;Jiang, Wei. And the article was included in Science China: Chemistry in 2022.Synthetic Route of C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

It is challenging to recognize neutral hydrophilic mols. in water. Effective use of hydrogen bonds in water is generally accepted to be the key to success. In contrast, hydrophobic cavity is usually considered to play an insignificant role or only to provide a nonpolar microenvironment for hydrogen bonds. Herein, we report that hydrophobic cavity alone can also strongly bind neutral, highly hydrophilic mols. in water. We found that cucurbit[n]urils (n = 7, 8) bind 1,4-dioxane, crown ethers and monosaccharides in water with remarkable affinities. The best binding constant reaches 10⁷ M^-1 for cucurbit[8]uril, which is higher than its binding affinities to common organic cations. D. functional theory (DFT) calculations and control experiments reveal that the hydrophobic effect is the major contributor to the binding through releasing the cavity water and/or properly occupying the weakly hydrated cavity. However, hydrophobic cavity still prefers nonpolar guests over polar guests with similar size and shape. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Synthetic Route of C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Synthetic Route of C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Investigation of the relationship between the inhibitory activity of glycolic acid oxidase (GAO) and its chemical structure: electron-topological approach was written by Guzel, Y.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM in 1996.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Rules for the occurrence of the inhibitory activity of glycolic acid oxidase are formulated and discussed in terms of the so-called electron-topol. approach. It is shown that the mol. fragment responsible for this kind of activity possesses fixed electronic and geometrical characteristics caused by a definite spatial arrangement of an oxygen atom and a group of carbon atoms. A series of 85 compounds including 36 active and 49 inactive compounds was studied. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Lithium-Metal Batteries Using Sustainable Electrolyte Media and Various Cathode Chemistries was written by Marangon, Vittorio;Minnetti, Luca;Adami, Matteo;Barlini, Alberto;Hassoun, Jusef. And the article was included in Energy & Fuels in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Lithium-metal batteries employing concentrated glyme-based electrolytes and two different cathode chemistries are herein evaluated in view of a safe use of the highly energetic alkali-metal anode. Indeed, diethylene-glycol dimethyl-ether (DEGDME) and triethylene-glycol dimethyl-ether (TREGDME) dissolving lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and lithium nitrate (LiNO₃) in concentration approaching the solvents saturation limit are used in lithium batteries employing either a conversion sulfur-tin composite (S:Sn 80:20 weight/weight) or a Li⁺ (de)insertion LiFePO₄ cathode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS) clearly show the suitability of the concentrated electrolytes in terms of process reversibility and low interphase resistance, particularly upon a favorable activation. Galvanostatic measurements performed on lithium-sulfur (Li/S) batteries reveal promising capacities at room temperature (25°C) and a value as high as 1300 mAh g_S^-1 for the cell exploiting the DEGDME-based electrolyte at 35°C. On the other hand, the lithium-LiFePO₄ (Li/LFP) cells exhibit satisfactory cycling behavior, in particular when employing an addnl. reduction step at low voltage cutoff (i.e., 1.2 V) during the first discharge to consolidate the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This procedure allows a Coulombic efficiency near 100%, a capacity approaching 160 mAh g^-1, and relevant retention particularly for the cell using the TREGDME-based electrolyte. Therefore, this work suggests the use of concentrated glyme-based electrolytes, the fine-tuning of the operative conditions, and the careful selection of active materials chem. as significant steps to achieve practical and safe lithium-metal batteries. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ubiquinone-quantum dot bioconjugates for in vitro and intracellular complex I sensing was written by Ma, Wei;Qin, Li-Xia;Liu, Feng-Tao;Gu, Zhen;Wang, Jian;Pan, Zhi Gang;James, Tony D.;Long, Yi-Tao. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2013.Reference of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted increasing interest in bioimaging and sensing. Here, we report a biosensor of complex I using ubiquinone-terminated disulfides with different alkyl spacers (Q_nNS, n = 2, 5 and 10) as surface-capping ligands to functionalize CdSe/ZnS QDs. The enhancement or quenching of the QD bioconjugates fluorescence changes as a function of the redox state of Q_nNS, since QDs are highly sensitive to the electron-transfer processes. The bioconjugated Q_nNS-QDs emission could be modulated by complex I in the presence of NADH, which simulates an electron-transfer system part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, providing an in vitro and intracellular complex I sensor. Epidemiol. studies suggest that Parkinson’s patients have the impaired activity of complex I in the electron-transfer chain of mitochondria. We have demonstrated that the Q_nNS-QDs system could aid in early stage Parkinson’s disease diagnosis and progression monitoring by following different complex I levels in SH-SY5Y cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Reference of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Reference of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem