Tag: 100-200

Temperature-responsive molecular assemblies using oligo(ethylene glycol)-attached polyamidoamine dendron lipids and their functions as drug carriers was written by Hashimoto, Takuya;Hirai, Yuji;Yuba, Eiji;Harada, Atsushi;Kono, Kenji. And the article was included in Journal of Functional Biomaterials in 2020.Computed Properties of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Temperature-responsive nanocarrier systems using external stimuli are one of the most widely investigated stimuli-responsive strategies because heat is easy and safe to use for hyperthermia and controlled drug delivery. Polyamidoamine dendron lipids (PAMAM-DLs) composed of PAMAM dendron as head group and two alkyl chains can exhibit temperature-responsive morphol. change through the attachment of suitable moieties to terminal of PAMAM dendron. In this study, oligo(ethylene glycol)s including ethoxy- or methoxy-diethylene glycols were attached to the terminals of PAMAM-DL, and temperature-responsive properties of their self-assemblies were evaluated by calorimetric and turbidity measurements. In the evaluation of temperature-responsive properties, ethoxy diethylene glycol (EDEG)-attached PAMAM-DL composed of two saturated alkyl chains and PAMAM dendron with 1st generation had lipid bilayer structure and suitable cloud point for the application as drug carrier. In vitro performances of the assemblies combining EDEG-attached PAMAM-DLs with cholesteryl-oxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-Chol) was evaluated using doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug. Cellular uptake of DOX-loaded EDEG-attached PAMAM-DL/PEG-Chol assemblies was promoted at 42 °C rather than 37 °C, resulting in an effective decrease in cell viability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Computed Properties of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Computed Properties of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Continued SAR exploration of 1,2,4-thiadiazole-containing scaffolds in the design of free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40) agonists was written by Krasavin, Mikhail;Lukin, Alexei;Bakholdina, Anna;Zhurilo, Nikolay;Onopchenko, Oleksandra;Borysko, Petro;Zozulya, Sergey;Moore, Daniel;Tikhonova, Irina G.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

An earlier reported series of 1,2,4-thiadiazole-based agonists of FFA1 (GPR40) was evolved into two structurally distinct series of compounds One of the series (structurally related to known FFA1 agonist GW9508) displayed low micromolar potency while the other (representing a truncated version of the earlier reported potent FFA1 agonists) was, surprisingly, found to be devoid of agonist potency. In silico docking of representative compounds into the crystal structure of FFA1 revealed possible structural grounds for the observed SAR. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Dispersion of Complex Refractive Indices for Intense Vibrational Bands. I. Quantitative Spectra was written by Murata, Ryo;Inoue, Ken-ichi;Wang, Lin;Ye, Shen;Morita, Akihiro. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry B in 2021.Quality Control of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

This paper reviews the dispersion of complex refractive indexes for representative intense vibrational bands of organic liquids in the absolute scale. Conspicuous variations in both real and imaginary refractive indexes over the intense bands are precisely determined as a function of IR wavenumber by attenuated total reflection IR absorption measurement. The accurate spectral data offer an excellent reference to calibrate the absolute IR intensities by various quantum chem. calculations, and thus, critical comparison between the present experiment and computation was reported to clarify the general accuracy of the quantum chem. calculations The precise data of the dispersion will be utilized to clarify their impact on the anal. of vibrational spectroscopy of interfaces in the subsequent paper. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Quality Control of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Quality Control of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Understanding transport of atmospheric gases in liquid electrolytes for lithium-air batteries was written by Haas, Ronja;Murat, Michael;Weiss, Manuel;Janek, Juergen;Natan, Amir;Schroeder, Daniel. And the article was included in Journal of the Electrochemical Society in 2021.Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

In metal-air batteries, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen (N₂) are, apart from oxygen (O₂), also present as dissolved species in the liquid electrolyte. These dissolved gases can strongly influence the battery performance, as they affect the discharge mechanism and the stability of the lithium metal anode. Therefore, their solubility and diffusivity are important parameters, that are rarely considered in the development of electrolytes for metal-air batteries. Addnl., the diffusion coefficients are calculated through mol. dynamics simulations. The results agree well with the exptl. data. Furthermore, the influence of solvent parameters, such as surface tension and viscosity, on the solubility and the diffusivity as well as the impact of the addition of LiTFSI as conducting salt are investigated. The reported data will help to assess the impact of dissolved gases on the cell chem. of nonaqueous lithium-air batteries, especially on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the lithium anode, and to predict diffusivity and gas solubility in other electrolytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

[Au]/[Pd] Multicatalytic Processes: Direct One-Pot Access to Benzo[c]chromenes and Benzo[b]furans was written by Oonishi, Yoshihiro;Gomez-Suarez, Adrian;Martin, Anthony R.;Makida, Yusuke;Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.;Nolan, Steven P.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2014.Name: 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne This article mentions the following:

A new synthetic protocol that combines the advantages offered by an ecofriendly solvent-free reaction (green chem. method) and sequential transformations is reported. This strategy offers straightforward access to benzo[c]chromenes and benzo[b]furans from com. available starting materials. This two-step, one-pot strategy consists of an Au-catalyzed hydrophenoxylation process followed by Pd-catalyzed C-H activation or Mizoroki-Heck reactions. The selectivity of the process towards carbon-hydrogen bond (C-H bond) activation or Mizoroki-Heck reaction can be easily tuned. Under optimized conditions bis[1,3-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]-μ-hydroxydi[gold(1+)] tetrafluoroborate(1-) was used as a catalyst in addition to palladium(II) acetate and 1,3-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-1H-imidazolium chloride. Other palladium compounds included [1,3-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]chloro[(1,2,3-η)-(2E)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-yl]palladium, bis(acetato-κO)aqua[1,3-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]palladium. Starting materials included 1,1′-(1,2-ethynediyl)bis[benzene] (diphenylacetylene) derivatives, 4-octyne, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenol (halophenol), 2,6-dimethylphenol and similar compounds Vinyl ether intermediates included 2-[[(1Z)-1,2-diphenylethenyl]oxy]-1,3-dimethylbenzene, [[(1Z)-1-propyl-1-penten-1-yl]oxy]benzene. The title compounds thus formed included [(phenyl)methylene]dibenzo[b,d]pyran derivatives [i.e., benzo[c]chromenes derivatives] and benzofuran derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Name: 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Name: 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Carboxylic Acid-Catalyzed Highly Efficient and Selective Hydroboration of Alkynes with Pinacolborane was written by Ho, Hon Eong;Asao, Naoki;Yamamoto, Yoshinori;Jin, Tienan. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2014.Electric Literature of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

We have demonstrated for the first time that carboxylic acids are able to catalyze the direct hydroboration of various terminal and internal alkynes with pinacolborane, HB(pin), without using any metal catalysts. For example, PhCCB(pin) reacts with HB(pin) in the presence of 4-Me₂NC₆H₄CO₂H giving PhCH:C[B(pin)]₂ in 99% yield. This unprecedented catalytic hydroboration exhibits a broad functional groups compatibility, giving the corresponding alkenyl diboronates and monoboronates in good to high yields with exclusive regio- and stereoselectivities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Electric Literature of C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Electric Literature of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Influence of Porosity of Sulfide-Based Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Their Performance with Liquid and Solid Electrolytes in Li and Na Metal Batteries was written by Lim, Kyungmi;Fenk, Bernhard;Kuester, Kathrin;Acartuerk, Tolga;Weiss, Juergen;Starke, Ulrich;Popovic, Jelena;Maier, Joachim. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2022.SDS of cas: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Realization of all-solid-state batteries combined with metallic Li/Na is still hindered due to the unstable interface between the alkali metal and solid electrolytes, especially for highly promising thiophosphate materials. Artificial and uniform solid-electrolyte interphases (SEIs), serving as thin ion-conducting films, have been considered as a strategy to overcome the issues of such reactive interfaces. Here, we synthesized sulfide-based artificial SEIs (Li_xS_y and Na_xS_y) on Li and Na by solid/gas reaction between the alkali metal and S vapor. The synthesized films are carefully characterized with various chem./electrochem. techniques. We show that these artificial SEIs are not beneficial from an application point of view since they either contribute to addnl. resistances (Li) or do not prevent reactions at the alkali metal/electrolyte interface (Na). We show that Na_xS_y is more porous than Li_xS_y, supported by (i) its rough morphol. observed by focused ion beam-SEM, (ii) the rapid decrease of R_interface (interfacial resistance) in Na_xS_y-covered-Na sym. cells with liquid electrolyte upon aging under open-circuit potential, and (iii) the increase of R_interface in Na_xS_y-covered-Na solid-state sym. cells with Na₃PS₄ electrolyte. The porous SEI allows the penetration of liquid electrolyte or alkali metal creep through its pores, resulting in a continuous chem. reaction. Hence, porosity of SEIs in general should be carefully taken into account in the application of batteries containing both liquid electrolyte and solid electrolyte. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2SDS of cas: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.SDS of cas: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles supported on an imidazolium-based ionic liquid polymer: an efficient catalyst for oxidation of alcohols was written by Karimi, Z.;Hassanpour, A.;Kangari, S.;Marjani, A.. And the article was included in Russian Chemical Bulletin in 2022.Recommanded Product: 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

An efficient and stable nanocatalyst for selective oxidation of alcs. was developed. It contains palladium nanoparticles, which are well distributed throughout the network of a copolymer based on an ionic liquid The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by various techniques such as nitrogen adsorption-desorption anal., thermal gravimetric anal., TEM, and FTIR spectroscopy. A high surface area and the appropriate pore size of the nanocatalyst make active metal sites accessible to reagents, whereas the presence of an ionic liquid in the network of the polymer structure creates a good environment for the leaching protection and stabilization of extremely dispersed palladium nanoparticles. The availability and abundance of active sites of highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles make the synthesized nanocatalyst very promising for oxidation of alcs. The nanocatalyst has a number of features such as a high surface area, an appropriate size of pores with high catalytic activity, high thermal stability of the nanostructures, and low amounts of the ionic liquid needed for its synthesis. Using this nanocatalyst, carbonyl compounds were prepared from the corresponding alcs. in high yields. Addnl., the prepared nanocatalyst can easily be recovered by centrifugation after completion of the reactions and was reused five times without a significant loss in its catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Recommanded Product: 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Recommanded Product: 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Multiple Hydrogen Bond Channel Structural Electrolyte for an Enhanced Carbon Fiber Composite Battery was written by Choi, Jaehoon;Zabihi, Omid;Varley, Russell;Zhang, Jane;Fox, Bronwyn L.;Naebe, Minoo. And the article was included in ACS Applied Energy Materials in 2022.COA of Formula: C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

Structural batteries made of carbon fiber composites have been receiving great attention for automotive application in the last decade. However, a structural battery electrolyte (SBE) for the structural batteries is conventionally dependent on utilizing highly volatile carbonate-derivative liquid electrolytes to provide moderate ionic conduction. This study introduces a SBE which fabricates as a two-phase system via reaction-induced phase transition as well as includes a hybridized electrolyte, consisting of a low flammability electrolyte with a solid additive-inducing multihydrogen bond. The proposed SBE is composed of a vinyl ester polymer containing triethylene glycol di-Me ether (TriG) and cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) as a quasi-solid additive. Confirmed by Fourier transform IR, Raman, and ⁷Li-NMR results, the contents of CHDM in the SBE structure play a crucial role not only through the plasticizing effect but also through the formation of a multidimension channel via a hydrogen bond, thereby contributing to enhancing the motion of the cation in the SBE. The optimized SBE (Li-TriG-CHDM10) shows an ionic conductivity of 2.0 x 10^-4 S cm^-1 with an E’ of ~300 MPa at ambient temperature To exhibit the possibility for a structural battery, the carbon fiber composite lamina was fabricated using an optimized SBE and evaluated as a battery half-cell, showing the potential of a high bearing mech. load and ion transport between the carbon fibers and the electrolytes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2COA of Formula: C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.COA of Formula: C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

An O-Benzyl Phosphonamidate Prodrug of Tenofovir for the Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Infection was written by Zhang, Qianqian;Peng, Youmei;Hou, Jiao;Chen, Yanhong;Liu, Bingjie;Zhang, Pinghu;Yu, Wenquan;Chang, Junbiao. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A series of new O-(substituted benzyl) phosphoramidate prodrugs of tenofovir for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections have been designed and synthesized. An investigation of structure-activity relationships revealed that the compound bearing an o-methylbenzyl group (1a) has the most potent in vitro anti-HBV activity. This prodrug (1a) was well-tolerated in KM mice via intragastric administration at a dosage of up to 1.5 g/kg. In DHBV-infected ducks, prodrug 1a displayed a good inhibitory effect on the viral DNA replication in both the serum and the liver in a time- and dose-dependent manner and did not cause any necrosis, hemorrhage, or inflammatory response in the animal livers. Further investigation demonstrated that prodrug 1a achieved a higher exposure of the bioactive metabolite (tenofovir diphosphate, TFV-DP) in the liver, the target organ for the treatment of HBV infection, than tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) did at an equimolar dose. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Quality Control of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Quality Control of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem