Tag: 100-200

Application of Vinyl Nucleophiles in Matteson Homologations was written by Kinsinger, Thorsten;Kazmaier, Uli. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The Matteson homologation with vinyl nucleophiles was found to be a versatile tool for the synthesis of highly substituted and functionalized allyl boronic esters I (R = phenylethyl, Me, butan-2-yl, etc.), II (R¹ = H, Me; R² = H, Me; R³ = H, Me), III and IV (R⁴ = Me, Et, n-Pr; R⁵ = H, Me). High yields and stereoselectivities are obtained with sterically demanding alkyl boronic esters and/or Grignard reagents. With the application of such vinyl Matteson homologations, the polyketide fragment of lagunamide B is synthesized. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The electro-oxidation of primary alcohols via a coral-shaped cobalt metal-organic framework modified graphite electrode in neutral media was written by Khakyzadeh, Vahid;Sediqi, Salbin. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Formula: C8H10O2 This article mentions the following:

The electro-oxidation of alcs. into corresponding aldehydes achieved enormous attention. However, numerous challenges remain in exploring catalytic systems with high conversion efficiency and selectivity. Considering the worldwide attention toward metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as outstanding crystalline porous materials, many chemists have been encouraged to use them in organic transformations. In this study, a novel coral-shaped cobalt organic framework was grown onto the surface of a functionalized graphite electrode (Co-MOF/C) to fabricate an efficient modified electrode in the electro-oxidation alcs. The modified Co-MOF/C electrode showed high stability, large surface area, rich pores, and good conductivity as a desirable water-stable working electrode for selective oxidation of alcs. into aldehydes in good to excellent yields under a diffusion-controlled process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Formula: C8H10O2).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Formula: C8H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

How Metal Ion Lewis Acidity and Steric Properties Influence the Barrier to Dioxygen Binding, Peroxo O-O Bond Cleavage, and Reactivity was written by Yan Poon, Penny Chaau;Dedushko, Maksym A.;Sun, Xianru;Yang, Guang;Toledo, Santiago;Hayes, Ellen C.;Johansen, Audra;Piquette, Marc C.;Rees, Julian A.;Stoll, Stefan;Rybak-Akimova, Elena;Kovacs, Julie A.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2019.Recommanded Product: (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Herein we quant. investigate how metal ion Lewis acidity and steric properties influence the kinetics and thermodn. of dioxygen binding vs. release from structurally analogous Mn-O₂ complexes, as well as the barrier to Mn peroxo O-O bond cleavage, and the reactivity of Mn oxo intermediates. Previously we demonstrated that the steric and electronic properties of MnIII-OOR complexes containing N-heterocyclic (N^Ar) ligand scaffolds can have a dramatic influence on alkylperoxo O-O bond lengths and the barrier to alkylperoxo O-O bond cleavage. Herein, we examine the dioxygen reactivity of a new Mn^II complex containing a more electron-rich, less sterically demanding N^Ar ligand scaffold, and compare it with previously reported Mn^II complexes. Dioxygen binding is shown to be reversible with complexes containing the more electron-rich metal ions. The kinetic barrier to O₂ binding and peroxo O-O bond cleavage is shown to correlate with redox potentials, as well as the steric properties of the supporting N^Ar ligands. The reaction landscape for the dioxygen chem. of the more electron-rich complexes is shown to be relatively flat. A total of four intermediates, including a superoxo and peroxo species, are observed with the most electron-rich complex. Two new intermediates are shown to form following the peroxo, which are capable of cleaving strong X-H bonds. In the absence of a sacrificial H atom donor, solvent, or ligand, serves as a source of H atoms. With TEMPOH as sacrificial H atom donor, a deuterium isotope effect is observed (k_H/k_D = 3.5), implicating a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism. With 1,4-cyclohexadiene, 0.5 equiv of benzene is produced prior to the formation of an EPR detected MnIIIMnIV bimetallic species, and 0.5 equiv after its formation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 63071-12-5Recommanded Product: (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol).

(6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 63071-12-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Polyethers as Complexing Agents in Calcium-Catalyzed Cyclic Carbonate Synthesis was written by Hu, Yuya;Steinbauer, Johannes;Stefanow, Vivian;Spannenberg, Anke;Werner, Thomas. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2019.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Herein we report a detailed investigation of alkali- and alk. earth metal salts in combination with polyethers as catalytic systems for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO₂. CaI₂ showed superior activity compared to various other tested alkali- and alk. earth metal salts. Interestingly, in contrast to other catalytic protocols, the presence of hydroxyl groups hampered the reaction. Thus, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethylethers (PEG DME) proved to be the most suitable polymer complexing agents. This catalytic protocol is based on a non-toxic and abundant metal as well as readily available polymer coordination agents. Notably, 26 terminal epoxides were converted even at room temperature with CO₂ to the corresponding cyclic carbonates in yields up to 99%. Addnl., this system was also effective for the synthesis of 21 challenging internal carbonates based on fossil and renewable feedstock in yields up to 98%. Significantly, in large scale, namely 10 g of epoxide, quant. yield of cyclic carbonate was isolated in the presence of only 1 mol% catalyst under ambient conditions. Two different recycling strategies were tested which allowed the reuse of the catalyst up to 7 times without the loss of activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and controlled drug delivery studies of a novel Ubiquinol-Polyethylene glycol-Vitamin E adduct was written by Cateni, Francesca;Zacchigna, Marina;Procida, Giuseppe. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2020.COA of Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

CoQ10 and Vitamin E are used in medicinal applications, but they are both lipophilic mols. and the poor solubility in aqueous media results in an inefficient administration, poor bioavailability and potential toxicity. A mixed conjugate Ubiquinol-Polyethylene glycol-Vitamin E was synthesized and characterized to improve the bioavailability of CoQ10 and Vitamin E. The synthesized mixed PEG conjugate was characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and MALDI spectrometry. The in vitro release of the conjugate was measured at various pH conditions and in human plasma and the evaluation of free CoQ10 and Vitamin E were also conducted. The obtained results demonstrated that more CoQ10 and Vitamin E were released from PEG conjugate at pH 7.4 and in plasma within the 24 h. The antioxidant activity evaluation was carried out by DPPH assay. Our results indicated that the chem. modification after esterification with PEG of the two drugs Ubiquinol and Vitamin E doesn′t significantly affected their antioxidant potential. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7COA of Formula: C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.COA of Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Structure-activity relationship for CO₂ absorbent was written by Li, Hongwei;Tang, Zhigang;He, Zhimin;Gui, Xia;Cui, Longpeng;Mao, Xian-zhong. And the article was included in Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2020.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

In order to show the structure-activity relationship for CO₂ absorbent, and identify or screen novel and efficient phys. solvents of CO₂, the constant-volume method, the Peng-Robinson equation of state, and a mol. simulation were used to investigate the impacts of type of functional groups, carbon chain length and number of functional groups for nine phys. solvents. The three methods produced highly consistent results. Comparison of the CO₂ solubility in solvents with the same carbon numbers but different functional groups suggested that the ester group could promote CO₂ absorption. Investigation of the CO₂ solubility in solvents with one ester group but different carbon chain lengths revealed that longer carbon chains could enhance CO₂ absorption. Analyses of the CO₂ solubility of solvents with one and two ester groups demonstrated that more ester groups could further increase the CO₂ absorption. Therefore, the presence and number of ester groups and increased carbon chain length could promote CO₂ absorption. It provides direction and method for screening of highly efficient CO₂ absorbents and for the design and synthesis of new solvents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate-diisopropylamine catalyzed mild and chemoselective reduction of carboxylic esters with sodium borohydride was written by Jagdale, Arun R.;Paraskar, Abhimanyu S.;Sudalai, Arumugam. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2009.Product Details of 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

The Co-catalyzed reduction of unsaturated α-cyano carboxylates using NaBH₄ leads to the corresponding saturated cyano alcs. in high yields. In particular, the new catalytic system CoCl₂-(Me₂CH)₂NH in combination with NaBH₄ showed excellent activity in the chemoselective reduction of a variety of carboxylates to the corresponding alcs. in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Product Details of 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Product Details of 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Phase Transition Behavior of MgMn₂O₄ Spinel Oxide Cathode during Magnesium Ion Insertion was written by Tuerxun, Feilure;Otani, Saeko;Yamamoto, Kentaro;Matsunaga, Toshiyuki;Imai, Hiroaki;Mandai, Toshihiko;Watanabe, Toshiki;Uchiyama, Tomoki;Kanamura, Kiyoshi;Uchimoto, Yoshiharu. And the article was included in Chemistry of Materials in 2021.Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

The 3d transition metal oxides with a spinel structure are among the most promising cathode materials for magnesium batteries. In this study, we investigated the reaction mechanism of magnesium ion insertion for magnesium spinel oxides, MgMn₂O₄, by electrochem. measurements, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld anal. Open-circuit-potential and XAS measurements showed that Mg²⁺ insertion into MgMn₂O₄ does not proceed via a simple two-phase coexistence reaction between the spinel and rock-salt phases. Synchrotron XRD measurements showed that Mg²⁺ insertion into MgMn₂O₄ involves crystal structural changes in three stages. In the early stage of the Mg²⁺ insertion process (0 < x < 0.2), Mg²⁺ is inserted into the spinel (MgMn₂O₄) phase and rock-salt (Mg_1.2Mn₂O₄) phases, which are included in the pristine samples, without significant volume changes. In the middle stage of the Mg²⁺ insertion process (0.2 < x < 0.4), Mg²⁺ is inserted into the Mg_1+αMn₂O₄ spinel phase and the Mg_2-βMn₂O₄ rock-salt phases with a large volume change. In the last stage of Mg²⁺ insertion process (0.4 < x < 0.56), Mg²⁺ insertion proceeds via a two-phase coexistence reaction between Mg_1.4Mn₂O₄ spinel and Mg_1.6Mn₂O₄ rock-salt phases without Mg content changes in either phase. The phase transition from the Mg_1+αMn₂O₄ spinel phase to the Mg_2-βMn₂O₄ rock-salt phase with a large volume change resulted in significant polarization during the Mg²⁺ insertion process. Suppressing the phase transition, accompanied by a large volume change, is important in designing a spinel oxide cathode with a high rate performance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Caged Ceramide 1-Phosphate Analogs: Synthesis and Properties was written by Lankalapalli, Ravi S.;Ouro, Alberto;Arana, Lide;Gomez-Munoz, Antonio;Bittman, Robert. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2009.Electric Literature of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

Sphingolipid phosphate analogs bearing 7-(diethylamino)coumarin I (R = R¹) and 4-bromo-5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzhydryl I (R = R²) were synthesized. The ability of the “caged” ceramide 1-phosphate analogs to release the bioactive parent mol. upon irradiation at 400-500 nm was demonstrated by stimulation of macrophage cell proliferation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Electric Literature of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Electric Literature of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Characteristics of Gases Emitted from Chicken Manure Wastewater and Potential Effects on Human Health was written by Fakkaew, Krailak;Kongkratoke, Sitang;Tantrakarnapa, Kraichat;Polprasert, Chongrak;Sudsandee, Suntorn. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2022.COA of Formula: C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Hazardous and odorous gas emissions from chicken manure wastewater are a public preoccupation. Odor composition measurements are crucial steps to provide appropriate air pollution control measures and design strategies to minimize the human health impact. In this study, chicken manure wastewater samples were extensively analyzed in a closed system by a portable handheld gas detector to characterize the odor and chem. compositions A portable detector was calibrated prior to sampling. The total number of 153 chem. compounds found in the chicken manure wastewater samples had various olfactory characteristics, including strong, pleasant, and odorless smells. Depending on the route of exposure, most of these chem. compounds could cause human health effects, such as irritation, burns, and severe symptoms including carcinogenic. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3COA of Formula: C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.COA of Formula: C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem