Tag: 100-200

Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for coenzyme Q10 dispersive micro solid phase extraction was written by Contin, Mario;Bonelli, Pablo;Lucangioli, Silvia;Cuckierman, Ana;Tripodi, Valeria. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2016.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIPNPs) with the ability to recognize coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) were synthesized to be employed as sorbent in a dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (DMSPE) for the determination of CoQ10 in a liver extract CoQ10 is a redox-active, lipophilic substance integrated in the mitochondrial respiratory chain which acts as an electron carrier, shuttling electrons from complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) and II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) to complex III (ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase), for the production of cellular energy. The MIPNPs were synthesized by precipitation polymerization using coenzyme Q0 as the dummy template, methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, an acetonitrile:water mixture as the porogen, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker and potassium persulfate as initiator. The nanoparticles were characterized by microscopy, capillary electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, and IR spectroscopy. The MIPNPs demonstrated the presence of selective cavities complementary to the quinone nucleus of CoQ10, leading to a specific recognition of CoQ10 compared with related compounds In the liver extract the relative CoQ10 peak area (CoQ10 area/total peak area) increased from 4.6% to 25.4% after the DMSPE procedure. The recovery percentage of CoQ10 from the liver matrix was 70.5-83.7% quantified against CoQ10 standard processed under the same conditions. The DMSPE procedure allows the elution of almost all the CoQ10 retained (99.4%) in a small volume (200 μL), allowing the sample to be concentrated 2.5 times (LOD: 1.1 μg g^-1 and LOQ: 3.7 μg g^-1 of tissue). The resulted clean up of the sample, the improvement in peak shape and baseline and the reduction of interferences, evidence that the MIPNPs could potentially be applied as sorbent in a DMSPE with satisfactory results and with a min. amount of sorbent (1 mg). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Behavior of lignin models on nitration was written by Chuksanova, A. A.;Sergeeva, L. L.;Shorygina, N. N.. And the article was included in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya in 1959.Product Details of 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

Nitration of simple analogs of lignin was studied. If the phenolic group was protected, the reaction occurred in the 6-position, while condensation of the alc. took place as well. If the model compound had an open phenolic group in p-position relative to the side-chain, the latter was apt to be cleaved. The results indicated the multiplicity of possible reactions in the course of nitration of lignin. Reduction of Et 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionate with LiAlH₄ gave 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-propanol, m. 65°. This treated with fuming HNO₃ in CCl₄ at 5° 0.5 hr. gave a brown amorphous lignin-like product, containing 5.3% N. Reduction of Et 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propionate with LiAlH₄ gave 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol, b₁ 171°, nitrated as above to about 50% 3-(6-nitro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanol, m. 92-3°. Condensation of vanillin with EtNO₂ and reduction of the product gave 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone, b₄ 155°, which with LiAlH₄ gave the corresponding 2-propanol, m. 52°, which nitrated to a bright orange C₁₀H₁₃O₅N, m. 95-6°. Condensation of veratraldehyde with EtNO₂ and reduction of the product gave 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propanone (I), b₁ 148°, which with LiAlH₄ gave the corresponding 2-propanol, m. 44°, nitrated to 3-(6-nitro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propanol, m. 99-100°; with larger amounts of HNO₃ the product was 1-(6-nitro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propanone, m. 125.5°, also formed on nitration of I; semicarbazone m. 206°. Vanillin with EtMgBr gave 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanol, m. 85-6°, nitrated to 3,5-dinitroguaiacol, m. 122°, while a larger amount of HNO₃ gave a dimeric product, C₂₀H₂₄O₉N₂, m. 140-1°. Veratraldehyde with EtMgBr gave 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanol, b₂ 146°, nitrated to 1-(6-nitro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanol, m. 86°, a trace of, evidently, 1-(2,6-dinitro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanol, m. 95°, and two products, C₂₂H₂₈O₉N₂, one of which m. 206° (oxidation with 15% HNO₃ gave 4,5-dinitroveratrole), the other m. 134°, also oxidized to 4,5-dinitroveratrole with hot HNO₃. Nitration as above of com. sulfate process lignin and hydrolytic lignin gave products with 3.75-4.27% total N and 0.48-0.66% nitrate N. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Product Details of 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Product Details of 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Self-assembly of Amphiphilic Porphyrins To Construct Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Photodynamic Therapy was written by Jiang, Meiyu;Wu, Jiasheng;Liu, Weimin;Ren, Haohui;Zhang, Wenjun;Lee, Chun-Sing;Wang, Pengfei. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Hydrophobic photosensitizers greatly affect cell permeability and enrichment in tumors, but they cannot be used directly for clin. applications because they always aggregate in water, preventing their circulation in the blood and accumulation in tumor cells. As a result, amphiphilic photosensitizers are highly desirable. Although nanomaterial-based photosensitizers can solve water solubility, they have the disadvantages of complicated operation, poor reproducibility, low drug loading, and poor stability. In this work, an efficient synthesis strategy is proposed that converts small mols. into nanoparticles in 100% aqueous solution by mol. assembly without the addition of any foreign species. Three photosensitizers with triphenylphosphine units and ethylene glycol chains of different lengths, TPP-PPh₃, TPP-PPh₃-2PEG and TPP-PPh₃-4PEG, were synthesized to improve amphiphilicity. Of the three photosensitizers, TPP-PPh₃-4PEG is the most efficient (singlet oxygen yield: 0.89) for tumor photodynamic therapy not only because of its definite constituent, but also because its amphiphilic structure allows it to self-assemble in water. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Linked Rotaxane Structure Restricts Local Molecular Motions in Solution to Enhance Fluorescence Properties of Tetraphenylethylene was written by Miyagishi, Hiromichi V.;Masai, Hiroshi;Terao, Jun. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2022.Electric Literature of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

The restriction of local mol. motions is critical for improving the fluorescence quantum yields (FQYs) and the photostability of fluorescent dyes. Herein, we report a supramol. approach to enhance the performance of fluorescent dyes by incorporating a linked rotaxane structure with permethylated α-cyclodextrins. Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives generally exhibit low FQYs in solution due to the mol. motions in the excited state. We show that TPE with linked rotaxane structures on two sides displays up to 15-fold higher FQYs. Detailed investigations with variable temperature ¹H NMR, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed that the linked rotaxane structure rigidifies the TPE moiety and thus suppresses the local mol. motions and non-radiative decay. Moreover, the linked rotaxane structure enhances the FQY of the dye in various solvents, including aqueous solutions, and improves the photostability through the inhibition of local mol. motions in the excited TPE. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Electric Literature of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Electric Literature of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Microbiological enantioselective synthesis of (S) and (R) 4-(p-anisyloxy)-3-hydroxybutyrates as new chiral building blocks for the synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics was written by Banfi, Luca;Cascio, Giuseppe;Ghiron, Chiara;Guanti, Giuseppe;Manghisi, Elso;Narisano, Enrica;Riva, Renata. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 1994.Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Both enantiomers of 4-(p-anisyloxy)-3-hydroxybutanoates 4-MeOC₆H₄OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂CO₂R (R = Et, CH₂Ph) have been prepared in high e.e. by reduction of the corresponding β-keto esters or β-keto carboxylates with immobilized fermenting baker’s yeast. The utility of these new chiral building blocks in the synthesis of pharmacol. important β-lactam antibiotics has been demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Formula: C9H10O4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Structure-activity relationships of 1,4-bis(arylsulfonamido)-benzene or naphthalene-N,N’-diacetic acids with varying C2-substituents as inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction was written by Lee, Sumi;Abed, Dhulfiqar Ali;Nguyen, Mai-Uyen;Verzi, Michael P.;Hu, Longqin. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A series of 1,4-bis(arylsulfonamido)benzenes I [R = 4-Me, 4-MeO, 4-F, etc.; R¹ = carboxymethyl, 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl, 1-carboxyethyl; R² = Ph, piperidin-1-yl, phenoxy, etc.; R³ = H, MeO, (4-fluorophenyl)methoxy; R⁴ = H, MeO] or naphthalene-N,N’-diacetic acid II with varying substituents at C-2 position of the benzene or naphthalene core were designed and synthesized. Among them, compound II with 2-(4-fluorobenzyloxy) group was the most potent direct inhibitor of Keap1-Nrf2 PPI with an IC₅₀ of 64.5 nM in the fluorescent polarization (FP) assay and 14.2 nM in a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay. Moreover, cell-based biol. assay showed that compound II significantly increased the mRNA levels of Nrf2 downstream genes, GSTM3, HMOX2 and NQO1, through Nrf2 activation. The discovery of the new scaffolds possessing diverse O-linked fragments at the C2 position offers opportunities to further modify the chem. structures of Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors to improve their pharmacokinetic, efficacy and safety profiles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Electrochemical PINOylation of Methylarenes: Improving the Scope and Utility of Benzylic Oxidation through Mediated Electrolysis was written by Hoque, Asmaul Md;Twilton, Jack;Zhu, Jieru;Graaf, Matthew D.;Harper, Kaid C.;Tuca, Emilian;DiLabio, Gino A.;Stahl, Shannon S.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A mediated electrosynthetic method has been developed for selective benzylic oxidation of methylarenes RCH₃ (R = Ph, 4-chlorophenyl, pyridin-3-yl, 1,3-thiazol-2-yl, etc.). Phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) radical generated by proton-coupled electrochem. oxidation of N-hydroxypthalimide serves as a hydrogen atom-transfer (HAT) mediator and as a radical trap for the benzylic radicals generated in situ. This mediated electrolysis method operates at much lower anode potentials relative to direct electrolysis methods for benzylic oxidation initiated by single-electron transfer (SET). A direct comparison of SET and mediated-HAT electrolysis methods with a common set of substrates shows that the HAT reaction exhibits a significantly improved substrate scope and functional group compatibility. The PINOylated products I and II are readily converted into the corresponding benzylic alc. RCH₂OH or benzaldehyde derivatives RCHO under photochem. conditions, and the synthetic utility of this method is highlighted by the late-stage functionalization of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Exploiting Alkylquinone Tautomerization: Amine Benzylation was written by Mori-Quiroz, Luis M.;Clift, Michael D.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2016.Related Products of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

A general protocol for the synthesis of benzylic amines via side-chain amination of alkylquinones is reported. The reactions are initiated by the tautomerization of an alkylquinone to the corresponding quinone methide, which is subsequently trapped in situ by an amine nucleophile. This process is promoted by tertiary amines in protic solvents under mild conditions and is compatible with many functional groups. 1,2- and 1,4-benzoquinones, as well as naphthoquinones, participate in this reaction using a wide range of primary and secondary amines/anilines. The synthetic utility of this transformation is also explored. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Related Products of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Related Products of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Model compound studies of thermal reversion chemistry was written by Chong, J. M.;Nanayakkara, N. P. D.;Whiting, P.. And the article was included in Journal of Pulp and Paper Science in 1991.Name: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

The effect of heating a series of lignin model compounds absorbed onto stone groundwood pulp (SGW) was investigated. Pads with compounds containing a 3-methoxy-4-hydrobenzene unit were darkened considerably with those with the corresponding 3,4-dimethoxy compounds darkened only slightly. Prior chelation of the SGW or heating under an argon atm. decreased the amount of reversion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Name: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Name: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and luminescence properties of pyrazolone derivatives and their terbium complexes was written by Xiao, Haihua;Jiang, Xi;Li, Dong;Wu, Limin;Zhang, Wu;Guo, Dongcai. And the article was included in Luminescence in 2015.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Seven novel pyrazolone derivatives were synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra, mass spectra, IR spectra and elemental anal. Their Tb complexes were prepared and characterized by elemental anal., EDTA titrimetric anal., UV/visible spectra, IR spectra and molar conductivity, as well as thermal anal. The fluorescence properties and fluorescence quantum yields of the complexes were studied at room temperature Pyrazolone derivatives had good energy-transfer efficiency for the Tb ion. All the Tb complexes emitted green fluorescence characteristic of Tb ions, possessed strong fluorescence intensity, and showed relatively high fluorescence quantum yields. Cyclic voltammograms of the Tb complexes were studied and the HOMO and lowest occupied MO (LUMO) energy levels of these complexes were estimated Copyright © 2014 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem