Tag: 100-200

A decarboxylative approach for regioselective hydroarylation of alkynes was written by Zhang, Jing;Shrestha, Ruja;Hartwig, John F.;Zhao, Pinjing. And the article was included in Nature Chemistry in 2016.Safety of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne This article mentions the following:

Regioselective activation of aromatic C-H bonds is a long-standing challenge for arene functionalization reactions such as the hydroarylation of alkynes. One possible solution is to employ a removable directing group that activates one of several aromatic C-H bonds. Here the authors report a new catalytic method for regioselective alkyne hydroarylation with benzoic acid derivatives during which the carboxylate functionality directs the alkyne to the ortho-C-H bond with elimination in situ to form a vinylarene product. The decarboxylation stage of this tandem sequence is envisioned to proceed with the assistance of an ortho-alkenyl moiety, which is formed by the initial alkyne coupling. This ruthenium-catalyzed decarboxylative alkyne hydroarylation eliminates the common need for pre-existing ortho-substitution on benzoic acids for substrate activation, proceeds under redox-neutral and relatively mild conditions, and tolerates a broad range of synthetically useful aromatic functionality. Thus, it significantly increases the synthetic utility of benzoic acids as easily accessible aromatic building blocks. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Safety of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Safety of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-diformylfuran by TEMPO-assisted magnetic Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@mSiO₂-NH₂-Cu(II) catalytic system was written by Pan, Pan;Li, Mingming;Liu, Yuxin;Feng, Yisi;Li, Xinglong. And the article was included in Molecular Catalysis in 2022.Recommanded Product: 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

2,5-Diformylfuran (DFF) is a multifunctional intermediate, which can be used in drugs, functional polymers, fluorescent materials and surfactants. In this paper, a TEMPO-assisted magnetic Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@mSiO₂-NH₂-Cu(II) catalytic system was developed for the selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-diformylfuran. The structure of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@mSiO₂-NH₂-Cu(II) was double-layer shell-core spherical structure with uniform ordered mesoporous on the surface, amino groups and Cu were evenly distributed in the outer mesoporous. The catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, TEM, EDS, SEM, x-ray diffraction, BET and VSM. The effects of reaction conditions were studied in detail. The conversion of HMF was 98.9% and the highest DFF yield was 92.4% under atm. oxygen in toluene solvent. The catalytic activity did not decrease significantly after 5 cycles. The catalytic system had good substrate adaptability for benzyl alcs. and aromatic alcs. with satisfactory yield of corresponding aldehydes (91.3-100%). A possible reaction mechanism was also proposed and found that bis(μ-hydroxy) double copper (II) may be the active reactant in oxidation reaction. The system provides a promising industrialized preparation method for DFF. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Recommanded Product: 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: 105-13-5

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and biological activity of 1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds containing ferrocenyl moiety was written by Gou, Xiao-feng;Li, Yuan;Chen, Bang;Gao, Xue-xiang. And the article was included in Huaxue Shiji in 2013.SDS of cas: 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

A series of novel N-(ferrocenyl-methyl)-5-alkyl/aryl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-amines were synthesized by the condensation of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde with 2-amino-5-alkyl/aryl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles in presence of silica gel and then reduction by potassium borohydride. All products were characterized by IR, ¹HNMR, and ESI/MS. Further, all synthesized compounds were screened for their auxin activity. Most of the compounds showed potent activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4SDS of cas: 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.SDS of cas: 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Lignin Residue-Derived Carbon-Supported Nanoscale Iron Catalyst for the Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes and Aromatic Aldehydes was written by Sarki, Naina;Kumar, Raju;Singh, Baint;Ray, Anjan;Naik, Ganesh;Natte, Kishore;Narani, Anand. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2022.COA of Formula: C8H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Reported a green strategy for the facile synthesis of a lignin residue-derived carbon-supported magnetic iron (γ-Fe₂O₃/LRC-700) nanocatalyst. This active nanocatalyst exhibited excellent activity and selectivity for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines, including pharmaceuticals (e.g., flutamide and nimesulide). Challenging and reducible functionalities such as halogens (e.g., chloro, iodo and fluoro) and ketone, ester and amide groups were tolerated. Moreover, biomass-derived aldehyde (e.g., furfural) and other aromatic aldehydes were also effective for the hydrogenation process, often useful in biomedical sciences and other important areas. Before and after the reaction, the γ-Fe₂O₃/LRC-700 nanocatalyst were thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption-desorption, XPS, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric anal. (TGA). Addnl., the γ-Fe₂O₃/LRC-700 nanocatalyst was stable and easily separated using an external magnet and recycled up to five cycles with no substantial drop in the activity. Eventually, sustainable and green credentials for the hydrogenation reactions of 4-nitrobenzamide to 4-aminobenzamide and benzaldehyde to benzyl alc. were assessed with the help of the CHEM21 green metrics toolkit. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5COA of Formula: C8H10O2).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.COA of Formula: C8H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Essential oil of four medicinal plants and protective properties in plum fruits against the spoilage bacteria and fungi was written by Arasu, Mariadhas Valan;Viayaraghavan, Ponnuswamy;Ilavenil, Soundarrajan;Al-Dhabi, Naif Abdullah;Choi, Ki Choon. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

There are limited studies available regarding the chem. composition of essential oils and their activities against fruit spoilage bacteria and fungi. In this study, chem. composition of essential oils from medicinal plants namely Acorus calamus, Allium sativum, Mucuna pruriens, and Sesamum indicum L showed invitro antibacterial and antifungal properties against fruits spoilage microbes were evaluated. Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry anal. confirmed the presence of major metabolites namely Hydroxylamine (98.26%), 1,2,4 – trimethoxy-5-1-propenyl (93.07%), Dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester (92.64) and 2-diisoprophylphosphinnoethane (67.97%) from the studied plants. The min. inhibitory concentration of the essential oils against bacteria were ranged from 11.3 ± 2.3 to 617 ± 4.9 μg/mL and fungi were ranged from 1.1 ± 0.4 to 292 ± 3.2 μg/mL, resp. Among the essential oil, Allium sativum showed significant antibacterial activity with least min. inhibitory concentration and min. bactericidal concentrations (11.3 ± 2.3 μg/mL and 24 ± 1.6 μg/mL) while Sesamum indicum oil showed the least activity with high min. inhibitory concentration and min. bactericidal concentrations values (460 ± 11.9 μg/mL and 940 ± 12.8 μg/mL). Interestingly, Allium sativum documented the highest antifungal activity against Penicillium notatum and also significantly inhibited the growth of other tested fungal species such as, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus microsporus. Among all tested essential oils, in combination of studied antibiotics, essential oils from Allium sativum showed excellent synergistic activity against seven out of nine spoilage microbes. Two-way anal. of variance showed significant depletion of pathogenic microorganism due to the effect of essential oils (p < 0.05). In addition, essential oil from Allium sativum significantly reduced the growth of Aspertillus flavus and Aspergillus niger on plum fruit. Results revealed the application of essential oil from Allium sativum counter Aspergillus flavus growth and prevented deterioration of plum fruit. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rhodium(III)-catalysed decarbonylative annulation through C-H activation: expedient access to aminoisocoumarins by weak coordination was written by Mayakrishnan, Sivakalai;Arun, Yuvaraj;Uma Maheswari, Narayanan;Perumal, Paramasivan Thirumalai. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2018.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Rhodium-catalyzed decarbonylative annulation of isatoic anhydrides with alkynes through C-H activation for the synthesis of aminoisocoumarins was developed. This enabled the gram-scale transformation to iodoisocoumarin which is a vital building block in transition-metal-catalyzed cross couplings. These compounds exhibited blue-emitting luminescence properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Coenzyme Q₀ regulates NFκB/AP-1 activation and enhances Nrf2 stabilization in attenuation of LPS-induced inflammation and redox imbalance: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies was written by Yang, Hsin-Ling;Lin, Ming-Wei;Korivi, Mallikarjuna;Wu, Jia-Jiuan;Liao, Chun-Huei;Chang, Chia-Ting;Liao, Jiunn-Wang;Hseu, You-Cheng. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Gene Regulatory Mechanisms in 2016.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) analogs with variable number of isoprenoid units have been demonstrated as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant/pro-oxidant mols. In this study we used CoQ₀ (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, zero isoprenoid side-chains), a novel quinone derivative, and investigated its mol. actions against LPS-induced inflammation and redox imbalance in murine RAW264.7 macrophages and mice. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, non-cytotoxic concentrations of CoQ₀ (2.5-10 μM) inhibited iNOS/COX-2 protein expressions with subsequent reductions of NO, PGE₂, TNF-α and IL-1β secretions. This inhibition was reasoned by suppression of NFκB (p65) activation, and inhibition of AP-1 (c-Jun., c-Fos, ATF2) translocation. Our findings indicated that IKKα-mediated I-κB degradation and MAPK-signaling are involved in regulation of NFκB/AP-1 activation. Furthermore, CoQ₀ triggered HO-1 and NQO-1 genes through increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation and Nrf2/ARE-signaling. This phenomenon was confirmed by diminished CoQ₀ protective effects in Nrf2 knockdown cells, where LPS-induced NO, PGE₂, TNF-α and IL-1β productions remained high. Mol. evidence revealed that CoQ₀ enhanced Nrf2 steady-state level at both transcriptional and translational levels. CoQ₀-induced Nrf2 activation appears to be regulated by ROS-JNK-signaling cascades, as evidenced by suppressed Nrf2 activation upon treatment with pharmacol. inhibitors of ROS (N-acetylcysteine) and JNK (SP600125). Besides, oral administration of CoQ₀ (5 mg/kg) suppressed LPS-induced (1 mg/kg) induction of iNOS/COX-2 and TNF-α/IL-1β through tight regulation of NFκB/Nrf2 signaling in mice liver and spleen. Our findings conclude that pharmacol. actions of CoQ₀ are mediated via inhibition of NFκB/AP-1 activation and induction of Nrf2/ARE-signaling. Owing to its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, CoQ₀ could be a promising candidate to treat inflammatory disorders. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Performance and mechanism of CO₂ absorption in 2-ethylhexan-1-amine + glyme non-aqueous solutions was written by Fu, Kun;Liu, Chenxu;Wang, Lemeng;Huang, Xiayu;Fu, Dong. And the article was included in Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2021.Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

In this work, novel non-aqueous absorbents composed of 2-ethylhexan-1-amine (EHA) and glyme were proposed for CO2 capture. The absorption performance of CO2 in EHA + diglyme, EHA + triglyme and EHA + tetraglyme non-aqueous solutions was investigated and the viscosities (η) of the CO2-saturated absorbents were measured. Besides the experiments, kinetic models were applied to correlate the CO2 absorption. The activation energy (Ea) was obtained from Arrhenius equation, and the absorption mechanism was deduced. The results showed that both Lagergren model and Avrami model can accurately correlate and predict the time-dependent absorption amount, thus an optimized composition under which excellent absorption performance and relatively low η and Ea can be simultaneously achieved was determined Compared to water-based absorbents like MEA, the optimized non-aqueous absorbents take the advantages of better absorption performance and lower activation energy. Moreover, the glyme solvents have about 50% lower sp. heat capacities and much higher b.ps. (≥435 K) than water, which is expected to greatly reduce the sensible heat and the latent heat of the solvent during regeneration. Therefore, the proposed novel absorbents have promising industrial application potential in the CO2 capture process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Nucleophilic attack of intramolecular hydroxyl groups on electron-rich aromatics using hypervalent iodine(III) oxidation was written by Hata, Kayoko;Hamamoto, Hiromi;Shiozaki, Yukiko;Caemmerer, Simon B.;Kita, Yasuyuki. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2007.Electric Literature of C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

The hypervalent iodine(III) reagent, phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA)-mediated oxidative nucleophilic substitution of electron-rich aromatics involving aromatic cation radical intermediates was utilized in the direct aromatic carbon-oxygen bond formation reaction, and a novel and simple synthetic method for chroman derivatives was developed. E.g., in presence of PIFA, intramol. oxidative cyclization of hydroxy-substituted benzene I gave up to 55% chroman II. As an extension of this methodol., a facile access to spirodienone derivatives was also achieved. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Electric Literature of C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Electric Literature of C11H16O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Machine learning-based prediction of toxicity of organic compounds towards fathead minnow was written by Chen, Xingmei;Dang, Limin;Yang, Hai;Huang, Xianwei;Yu, Xinliang. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2020.Safety of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Predicting the acute toxicity of a large dataset of diverse chems. against fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) is challenging. In this paper, 963 organic compounds with acute toxicity towards fathead minnows were split into a training set (482 compounds) and a test set (481 compounds) with an approx. ratio of 1 : 1. Only six mol. descriptors were used to establish the quant. structure-activity/toxicity relationship (QSAR/QSTR) model for 96 h pLC₅₀ through a support vector machine (SVM) along with genetic algorithm. The optimal SVM model (R² = 0.756) was verified using both internal (leave-one-out cross-validation) and external validations. The validation results (q_int² = 0.699 and q_ext² = 0.744) were satisfactory in predicting acute toxicity in fathead minnows compared with other models reported in the literature, although our SVM model has only six mol. descriptors and a large data set for the test set consisting of 481 compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Safety of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Safety of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem