Tag: 100-200

Synthesis and properties of some 2-nitrobenzylamine derivatives was written by Celnik, Krzysztof;Jankowski, Zdzislaw. And the article was included in Polish Journal of Chemistry in 1978.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

2,E-(O₂N)RC₆H₃CH₂NH₂.HCl (I, n-R = H, 4-MeO, 5-MeO, 4-Cl, 5-Cl, 4-NO₂, 5-NO₂) were prepared (48.2-73.2% yield) by treating the corresponding benzyl bromides with hexamethylenetetramine and hydrolyzing the resultant quaternary salts. The ionization constants were determined and found to have a linear relationship to σⁿ constants In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Propargylation of CoQ0 through the Redox Chain Reaction was written by Pawlowski, Robert;Stodulski, Maciej;Mlynarski, Jacek. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

An efficient catalytic propargylation of CoQ0 (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone) is described by employing the cooperative effect of Sc(OTf)₃ and Hantzsch ester. It is suggested to work through the redox chain reaction, which involves hydroquinone and dimeric propargylic moiety intermediates. A broad range of propargylic alcs. can be converted into the appropriate derivatives of CoQ0 containing triple bonds, I [R¹ = Ph, 4-ClC₆H₄, 3-Cl-4-MeOC₆H₄, 2-thienyl, etc., R² = SiMe₃, cyclopropyl, 2-naphthyl, etc.], in good to excellent yields. The mechanism of the given transformation is also discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A versatile and efficient construction of the 6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole ring system. Syntheses of the antitumor alkaloids ellipticine, 9-methoxyellipticine, and olivacine, and their analogs was written by Gribble, Gordon W.;Saulnier, Mark G.;Obaza-Nutaitis, Judy A.;Ketcha, Daniel M.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1992.SDS of cas: 5367-32-8 This article mentions the following:

A general and efficient synthesis of the 6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole ring system is described, in which the key steps are (1) regioselective acylation of a 2-lithio-1-(phenylsulfonyl)indole with 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid anhydride, (2) cyclization of the deprotected keto acid I to keto lactam II with acetic anhydride, and (3) the addition of methyllithium to give, after reduction of the intermediate diol III with sodium borohydride, the target ring system. In this fashion, ellipticine (IV, R = H), 9-methoxyellipticine (IV, R = MeO), and 9-hydroxyellipticine (IV, R = OH) were synthesized in excellent overall yields from indole. The use of Superhydride, in place of 1 equiv of methyllithium, provided a synthesis of olivacine and the use of phthalic anhydride in the sequence allowed for the preparation of 6,11-dimethylbenzo[b]carbazole. The overall yields of ellipticine (54%) and 9-methoxyellipticine (47%) in six steps from their resp. indoles represent one of the most efficient syntheses of these antitumor alkaloids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8SDS of cas: 5367-32-8).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.SDS of cas: 5367-32-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of newly synthesized triazolothiadiazole analogs was written by Ramesh, D. K.;Krishna, B. Gopala;Mruthyunjaya, J. H.;Katagi, Manjunatha S.;Bolakatti, Girish. And the article was included in International Journal of Drug Design and Discovery in 2013.Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

This study reports the successful synthesis of some new triazolothiadiazoles. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus substilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger by measuring the zone of inhibition at concentration 125 μg/mL. Among the synthesized compounds I (R = 2-Cl; 4-Cl), II and III showed significant activity. In general compounds with Me and methoxy substituents exhibit lower growth inhibitory activity compared to chloro substituent and growth inhibition was found to be relevant to that of the standard drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Formula: C9H10O4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Aromatic substitution. XXXV. Boron trifluoride catalyzed nitration of benzene, alkylbenzenes, and halobenzenes with methyl nitrate in nitromethane solution was written by Olah, George A.;Lin, Henry C.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1974.Recommanded Product: 5367-32-8 This article mentions the following:

The competitive rates and isomer distributions of the BF3-catalyzed nitration of benzene, alkyl-, halo-, and substituted polymethylbenzenes with MeNO3 in MeNO2 were determined Relative nitration rates of alkylbenzenes correlated more closely with the stability of the corresponding π complexes than those of the σ complexes. This trend is greatly enhanced with increasing alkyl substitution. Relative rates of nitration of substituted benzenes, 3-substituted toluenes, 2-substituted p-xylenes, and 3-substituted durenes were correlated with help of the Yukawa-Tsuno equation. The correlation of r values with the nature of the transition states involved is discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Recommanded Product: 5367-32-8).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Recommanded Product: 5367-32-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) was written by Duan, Chuanfeng;Yang, Yijun. And the article was included in Yaoxue Xuebao in 1996.SDS of cas: 5367-32-8 This article mentions the following:

Melatonin was prepared in many steps from m-cresol via nitration, O-methylation, C-carboxycarbonylation, cyclization, decarboxylation, Mannich reaction with HNMe₂-HCHO, cyanation, hydride reduction, and N-acetylation. The structure of all the compounds synthesized were characterized by elementary anal. and IR, MS and ¹HNMR spectra. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8SDS of cas: 5367-32-8).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.SDS of cas: 5367-32-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

pks63787, a Polyketide Synthase Gene Responsible for the Biosynthesis of Benzenoids in the Medicinal Mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea was written by Yu, Po-Wei;Chang, Ya-Chih;Liou, Ruey-Fen;Lee, Tzong-Huei;Tzean, Shean-Shong. And the article was included in Journal of Natural Products in 2016.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Antrodia cinnamomea, a unique resupinate basidiomycete endemic to Taiwan, has potent medicinal activities. The reddish basidiocarps and mycelia generally exhibit abundant metabolites and higher biol. activity. To investigate the pigments of A. cinnamomea, polyketide synthase (PKS) genes were characterized based on its partially deciphered genome and the construction of a fosmid library. Furthermore, a gene disruption platform was established via protoplast transformation and homologous recombination. Of four putative polyketide synthase genes, pks63787 was selected and disrupted in the monokaryotic wild-type (weight) strain f101. Transformant Δpks63787 was deficient in the synthesis of several aromatic metabolites, including five benzenoids and two benzoquinone derivatives Based on these results, a biosynthetic pathway for benzenoid derivatives was proposed. The pks63787 deletion mutant not only displayed a reduced red phenotype compared to the weight strain but also displayed less 1,1-biphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity. This finding suggests that PKS63787 is responsible for the biosynthesis of pigments and metabolites related to the antioxidant activity of A. cinnamomea. The present study focuses on the functional characterization of the PKS gene, the fluctuations of its profile of secondary metabolites, and interpretation of the biosynthesis of benzenoids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Thermoresponsive Properties of Poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) sorbate]s Prepared by Organocatalyzed Group Transfer Polymerization was written by Liu, Yujian;Lei, Yongyao;Chen, Yougen. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2022.Recommanded Product: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

The current contribution presents the synthesis of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) sorbate]s (PREG_mSs) by the t-Bu-P₄-catalyzed group transfer polymerization (GTP) method, their postpolymn. modification at the backbone double bond, and thermoresponsive properties in aqueous solution Four oligo(ethylene glycol) sorbate monomers (REG_mSs), including 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl sorbate (MeEG₂S), 2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl sorbate (MeEG₃S), 2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl sorbate (EtEG₃S), and 2-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl sorbate (MeEG₄S), are newly designed to study the thermoresponsive properties of their related polymers. The t-Bu-P₄-catalyzed GTP of REG_mS only proceeds in a 1,4-regioselective addition manner to quant. produce the backbone trans-rich (ca. 80%) PREG_mS. The complete hydrogenation and epoxidation of the backbone double bonds result in hydrogenated and epoxidized polymers (PREG_mS-H₂ and PREG_mS-epoxy, resp.), which have different main-chain structures and rigidity from their parent PREG_mS. Given the 1,4-substituted structure of a sorbate monomer, the chem. structure determination of PREG_mS-H₂ by ¹³C NMR spectra demonstrates that the above polymers have an erythro-rich (ca. 60%) structure in diastereochem. and a diisotactic/disyndiotactic ratio around 1:1 in stereoregularity. The thermoresponsive properties of PREG_mS, PREG_mS-H₂, and PREG_mS-epoxy in aqueous solutions are studied in detail from various aspects in terms of polymer mass concentration, mol. weight, length and end group of the oligo(ethylene glycol) side chain, and main-chain structure by turbidity, ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods, which are discussed below. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Recommanded Product: 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Recommanded Product: 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Volumetric and Viscosimetric Measurements for Methanol + CH₃-O-(CH₂CH₂O)_n-CH₃ (n = 2, 3, 4) Mixtures at (293.15-303.15) K and Atmospheric Pressure: Application of the ERAS Model was written by Gonzalez, Juan A.;Martinez, Francisco J.;Sanz, Luis F.;Hevia, Fernando;de la Fuente, Isaias Garcia;Cobos, Jose C.. And the article was included in Journal of Solution Chemistry in 2020.Application of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Densities, ρ, and kinematic viscosities, ν, have been determined at atm. pressure and at 293.15-303.15 K for binary mixtures formed by methanol and one linear polyether of the type CH₃-O-(CH₂CH₂O)_n-CH₃ (n = 2, 3, 4). Measurements on ρ and ν were carried out, resp., using an Anton Paar DMA 602 vibrating-tube densimeter and an Ubbelohde viscosimeter. The ρ values were used to compute excess molar volumes, V^Em, and, together with the ν results, dynamic viscosities (η). Deviations from linear dependence on mole fraction for viscosity, Δη, are also provided. Different semi-empirical equations have been employed to correlate viscosity data. Particularly, the equations used are the: Grunberg-Nissan, Hind, Frenkel, Katti-Chaudhri, McAllister and Heric. Calculations show that better results are obtained from the Hind equation. The V^Em values are large and neg. and contrast with the pos. excess molar enthalpies, H^Em, available in the literature, for these systems. Methanol + CH₃-O-(CH₂CH₂O)_n-CH₃ mixtures have been treated in the framework of the ERAS model. Results for H^Em are acceptable, while the composition dependence of the V^Em curves is poorly represented. This has been ascribed to the existence of strong dipolar and structural effects in the present solutions In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Application of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Oxidative bromination reactions in aqueous media by using Bu₄NBr/TFA/H₂O₂ system was written by Moriuchi, Toshiyuki;Fukui, Yasuhiro;Sakuramoto, Takashi;Hirao, Toshikazu. And the article was included in Chemistry Letters in 2017.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Metal-free oxidative bromination reactions in aqueous media were performed using combination of tetrabutylammonium bromide as a a bromide source, trifluoroacetic acid as an acid and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant under mild conditions. Oxidative bromination reaction of alkenes R¹CH:CHR² [R¹ = HO(CH₂)₄, n-C₈H₁₇, PhCH₂, R² = H; R¹ = Ph, R² = HOCH₂] and alkynes R³CCR⁴ (R³ = Ph, R⁴ = Me; R³ = R⁴ = MeOCH₂) afforded the corresponding vicinal dibromides R¹CHBrCHBrR² and (E)-R³CBr:CR⁴Br, resp. Furthermore, this oxidative bromination system was applicable to the oxidative bromination of arenes, i.e. 2,6-dimethylphenol and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene, and 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one. A gram-scale bromination reaction was also performed successfully. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem