Tag: 100-200

Electrooxidative Rhodium-Catalyzed [5+2] Annulations via C-H/O-H Activations was written by Wang, Yulei;Oliveira, Joao C. A.;Lin, Zhipeng;Ackermann, Lutz. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021.Product Details of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

Electrooxidative cyclizations involving mild transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation have emerged as a transformative strategy for the rapid construction of five- and six-membered heterocycles. In contrast, we herein describe the first electrochem. metal-catalyzed [5+2] cycloadditions to assemble valuable seven-membered benzoxepine skeletons by C-H/O-H activation. The efficient alkyne cyclization featured ample substrate scope, using electricity as the only oxidant. Mechanistic studies provided strong support for a rhodium(III/I) regime, involving a benzoxepine-coordinated rhodium(I) sandwich complex as the catalyst resting state, which was re-oxidized to rhodium(III) by anodic oxidation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Product Details of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Product Details of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Formation of Temporary Negative Ions and Their Subsequent Fragmentation upon Electron Attachment to CoQ₀ and CoQ₀H₂ was written by Ameixa, Joao;Arthur-Baidoo, Eugene;Pereira-da-Silva, Joao;Ruivo, Julio C.;Varella, Marcio T. do N.;Beyer, Martin K.;Oncak, Milan;Ferreira da Silva, Filipe;Denifl, Stephan. And the article was included in ChemPhysChem in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Ubiquinone mols. have a high biol. relevance due to their action as electron carriers in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Here, we studied the dissociative interaction of free electrons with CoQ₀, the smallest ubiquinone derivative with no isoprenyl units, and its fully reduced form, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylhydroquinone (CoQ₀H₂), an ubiquinol derivative The anionic products produced upon dissociative electron attachment (DEA) were detected by quadrupole mass spectrometry and studied theor. through quantum chem. and electron scattering calculations Despite the structural similarity of the two studied mols., remarkably only a few DEA reactions are present for both compounds, such as abstraction of a neutral hydrogen atom or the release of a neg. charged Me group. While the loss of a neutral Me group represents the most abundant reaction observed in DEA to CoQ₀, this pathway is not observed for CoQ₀H₂. Instead, the loss of a neutral OH radical from the CoQ₀H₂ temporary neg. ion is observed as the most abundant reaction channel. Overall, this study gives insights into electron attachment properties of simple derivatives of more complex mols. found in biochem. pathways. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Side Chain Redistribution as a Strategy to Boost Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance and Stability was written by Moser, Maximilian;Hidalgo, Tania Cecilia;Surgailis, Jokubas;Gladisch, Johannes;Ghosh, Sarbani;Sheelamanthula, Rajendar;Thiburce, Quentin;Giovannitti, Alexander;Salleo, Alberto;Gasparini, Nicola;Wadsworth, Andrew;Zozoulenko, Igor;Berggren, Magnus;Stavrinidou, Eleni;Inal, Sahika;McCulloch, Iain. And the article was included in Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) in 2020.Synthetic Route of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

A series of glycolated polythiophenes for use in organic electrochem. transistors (OECTs) is designed and synthesized, differing in the distribution of their ethylene glycol chains that are tethered to the conjugated backbone. While side chain redistribution does not have a significant impact on the optoelectronic properties of the polymers, this mol. engineering strategy strongly impacts the water uptake achieved in the polymers. By careful optimization of the water uptake in the polymer films, OECTs with unprecedented steady-state performances in terms of [μC^*] and current retentions up to 98% over 700 electrochem. switching cycles are developed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Synthetic Route of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Synthetic Route of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ionic liquid plasticizers comprising solvating cations for lithium metal polymer batteries was written by Atik, Jaschar;Thienenkamp, Johannes Helmut;Brunklaus, Gunther;Winter, Martin;Paillard, Elie. And the article was included in Electrochimica Acta in 2021.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Ternary solid polymer electrolytes (TSPEs) with ionic liquids (ILs) including alkyl-based ammonium cations and low coordinating anions suffer from the lack of Li+ ion coordination by the ILs compared to the immobile polymer backbone, in terms of Li⁺ ion transport. Thus, solvating ionic liquids (SILs) with an oligo(ethylene oxide) side chain attached onto the cation were prepared to improve the interaction between Li+ and the IL and accelerate Li+ transport in TSPEs. A variety of methods, such as pulsed field gradient NMR spectroscopy, Li metal plating/stripping and measurements of Sand’s times were used to show that Li⁺ ion transference numbers increase with the oligo(ethylene oxide) side chain length in SIL-based TSPEs, which results in faster Li⁺ ion transport and translates into much slower lithium depletion at a given current, thereby delaying the onset of fast dendrite growth of lithium metal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Miniaturized Sample Preparation Methods to Simultaneously Determine the Levels of Glycols, Glycol Ethers and Their Acetates in Cosmetics was written by Celeiro, Maria;Rubio, Laura;Garcia-Jares, Carmen;Lores, Marta. And the article was included in Cosmetics in 2021.Formula: C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Two environmentally friendly methodologies based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion (μMSPD) followed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) anal. are proposed for the first time for the simultaneous anal. of 17 glycols, glycol ethers, and their acetates in cosmetics. These sample preparation approaches result in efficient and low-cost extraction while employing small amounts of sample, with a low consumption of reagents and organic solvents. The use of a highly polar column allows for the direct anal. of the obtained extracts by GC-MS without a previous derivatization step, drastically reducing the sample preparation time and residues and thus complying with green anal. chem. (GAC) principles. Both the UAE and μMSPD methodologies were validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, and precision, providing satisfactory results. LODs were found to be lower than 0.75μg g^-1, allowing the determination of trace levels of the forbidden target compounds Finally, the validated methodologies were applied to real cosmetics and personal care products, showing suitability, and providing a reliable and useful tool for cosmetics control laboratories In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Formula: C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Formula: C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Pyrolysis reactions of coniferyl alcohol as a model of the primary structure formed during lignin pyrolysis was written by Kotake, Takeo;Kawamoto, Haruo;Saka, Shiro. And the article was included in Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis in 2013.Application of 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

It has been suggested that cinnamyl alc.-type structures are formed during lignin primary pyrolysis using model dimers. In this article, the pyrolysis reactions of trans-coniferyl alc. (CA) bearing a guaiacyl moiety were studied under N₂ at temperatures in the range of 200-350 C, with particular emphasis on the evaporation/degradation processes. Some (less than 15%) of the CA evaporated without undergoing any degradation reactions, whereas large portions of the CA were converted to polymerization products together with monomers (up to ∼15% in total) with various side-chains. The cis-isomer of CA and 4-vinylguaiacol with a C2 side-chain were also identified. Methylation of the phenolic OH group of CA substantially reduced the formation of polymerization products, whereas the influence of the methylation on the side-chain-converted monomers was limited. Since the methylated CA was not effective for quinine methide formation, quinine methide and radical pathways were indicated as more important reaction mechanisms for the polymerization and side-chain-conversion processes, resp. These results suggest that CA, if it was formed through pyrolytic cleavage of lignin β-ether linkages, tended to be degraded before it could be recovered through evaporation Furthermore, the recovery of different monomers suggested the process was greatly dependent on the relative evaporation/degradation efficiencies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Application of 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Application of 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rhodium-catalyzed carbon-silicon bond activation for synthesis of benzosilole derivatives was written by Onoe, Masahiro;Baba, Katsuaki;Kim, Yoonjoo;Kita, Yusuke;Tobisu, Mamoru;Chatani, Naoto. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2012.Recommanded Product: 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne This article mentions the following:

2-(Trimethylsilyl)arylboronic acids undergo rhodium-catalyzed cyclization with internal alkynes, which proceeds with Si-Me bond cleavage and formation of 1-benzosilole heterocycles; the reaction also proceeds readily for catechol and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene boronate esters, but showed low yields with pinacolboranes. A range of functional groups, encompassing ketones, esters, amines, aryl bromides, and heteroarenes, are compatible, which provides rapid access to diverse benzosiloles. Sequential 2-fold coupling enables modular synthesis of asym. substituted 1,5-dihydro-1,5-disila-s-indacene, a π-extended mol. of interest in organic electronics. In terms of the mechanism, the reaction involves cleavage of a C(alkyl)-Si bond in a trialkylsilyl group, which normally requires extremely harsh conditions for activation. Mechanistic studies, including effects of substituents, reveal that C-Si bond cleavage does not proceed through a hypercoordinated silicon species, but rather through a rhodium-mediated activation process. The potential use of the reaction in catalytic asym. synthesis of Si-chiral benzosiloles is also demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Recommanded Product: 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Poly(p-phenylene)s tethered with oligo(ethylene oxide): synthesis by Yamamoto polymerization and properties as solid polymer electrolytes was written by Nederstedt, Hannes;Jannasch, Patric. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2020.Name: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Salt-containing supramol. assemblies of rigid-rod polymers tethered with flexible ion-solvating side chains represent a synthetic pathway toward thin ion-conducting solid electrolyte membranes with high dimensional stability. In the present work we have synthesized poly(p-phenylene)s (PpPs) carrying di-, tri- and tetra(ethylene oxide) side chains, resp. p-dichlorophenyl oligo(ethylene oxide) monomers were polymerized by Ni-mediated Yamamoto polymerization via in situ reduction of Ni(II). This gave PpPs with an average d.p. reaching 60, where each phenylene ring carried one oligo(ethylene oxide) side chain. Results from calorimetry and X-ray scattering measurements clearly showed the formation of mol. composites, i.e., bicontinuous morphologies with mech. reinforcing layers of the stiff PpP backbones separated by the flexible oligo(ethylene oxide) side chains. This morphol. was retained after adding lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) to form salt-in-polymer electrolytes, but with an increased distance between adjacent backbones. Furthermore, upon addition of salt the order-to-disorder transition (ODT) region increased from ∼50-170°C to ∼75-200°C at [EO]/[Li] = 20. Increasing salt concentrations also revealed a maximum in the ODT enthalpy at [EO]/[Li] = 40. At 80 and 160°C, the ionic conductivity reached 1.1 × 10^-4 and 1.0 × 10^-3 S cm^-1, resp. Finally, we demonstrate that ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolytes can be significantly increased by additions of triglyme. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Name: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Name: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Copper complexes bearing tridentate salicylaldimine Schiff-base ligands: Synthesis, characterizations and catalytic performance in the oxidation reaction of alcohols was written by Hao, Zhiqiang;Zhang, Junhua;Zhang, Xiaoying;Ma, Zhihong;Han, Zhangang;Lin, Jin;Lu, Guo-Liang. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2022.Quality Control of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Treatment of Cu(OAc)₂·H₂O with salicylaldimine Schiff-base (C₉H₆N)N = CH(3,5-^tBu₂C₆H₂OH) (L1H), (Et₂N)(CH₂)₂N = CH(3,5-^tBu₂C₆H₂OH) (L2H), (2-C₅H₄N)CH₂N = CH(3,5-^tBu₂C₆H₂OH) (L3H) in refluxing ethanol afforded three mononuclear copper complexes [(L1)Cu(OAc)] (1), (L2)Cu(OAc) (2) and (L3)Cu(OAc) (3), resp. The three new complexes were fully characterized using elemental anal., IR and HR-MS, and X-ray diffraction anal. They all exhibited efficient catalytic activity in the oxidation of primary and secondary alcs. into the corresponding carbonyl derivatives with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as the oxidation agent. The catalytic system is operationally simple, clean and generates water as the only byproduct. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Quality Control of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Quality Control of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and biological evaluation of aryloxyacetamide derivatives as neuroprotective agents was written by Zhong, Yan;Xu, Yi;Zhang, Ai-Xia;Li, Xiao-Feng;Xu, Zhao-Ying;Li, Ping;Wu, Bin. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2016.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

A series of new aryloxyacetamide derivatives are designed and synthesized. Their protective activities against the glutamate-induced cell death were investigated in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells). Most compounds exhibited neuroprotective effects, especially for I (R¹ = 2-OMe, R² = 4-F; R¹ = 4-Br, R² = 4-F) and II (R² = 2-CO₂Me, 2-OEt), which showed potential protection of PC12 cells at three doses (0.1, 1.0, 10 μM). MTT assay, Hoechst 33342/PI double staining, and high content screening (HCS) revealed that pretreatment of the cells with I (R¹ = 2-OMe, R² = 4-F; R¹ = 4-Br, R² = 4-F) and II (R² = 2-CO₂Me, 2-OEt) has significantly decreased the extent of cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The results of western blot anal. demonstrated these compounds suppressed apoptosis of glutamate-induced PC12 cells via caspase-3 pathway. These compounds can be lead compounds for further discovery of neuroprotective agents for treating cerebral ischemic stroke. Basic structure-activity relationships are also presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem