Tag: 100-200

Effect of ionotropic gelation of COOH-functionalized polymeric binders in multivalent ion batteries was written by Kim, Jinyoung;Baek, Minsung;Park, Kiho;Park, Youngbin;Hwang, Insu;Choi, Jang Wook. And the article was included in Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Multivalent ion batteries (MIBs) have received much attention as alternatives to the current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their high energy d. and the possibility of using raw materials with high natural abundance. However, the mechanochem. stability and key electrochem. performance of MIB electrodes are easily impaired during cycling by the large volume expansion of active materials and sluggish ion transport, raising the necessity of developing advanced binder designs. Herein, we report a systematic investigation of polysaccharide and polyacrylic acid binders with carboxylic acid functional groups for MIBs based on Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Al³⁺ in comparison with their monovalent counterpart. These binders with carboxylic acid functional groups form a rigid passivation layer on the electrode surface via the so-called egg-box mechanism involving the multivalent cations, imposing resistance and shortening the cycle life of the MIB cells. The series of comparative analyses provide useful information on the effect and design of popular carboxylic acid-functionalized binders for incorporation in MIBs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tandem oxidative amidation of benzylic alcohols by copper(II) supported on metformin-graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as an efficient catalyst was written by Ghafuri, Hossein;Ghafori Gorab, Mostafa;Dogari, Haniyeh. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.SDS of cas: 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

In this research, an efficient heterogeneous catalyst based on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CN) was reported. The CN was functionalized by 1,3-dibromopropane as a linker (CN-Pr-Br) and subsequently modified with metformin (CN-Pr-Met). Furthermore, the copper(II) was coordinated on modified CN (CN-Pr-Met-Cu(II)) and during this process, 7.94% copper(II) was loaded into the catalyst structure. The synthesized catalyst was evaluated by various techniques including fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission SEM (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma at. emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). CN-Pr-Met-Cu(II) was used as a catalyst in the synthesis of amides via the oxidation of benzyl alcs. The conditions of this reaction were optimized in terms of temperature, time, amount of catalyst, type of base, oxidant, and solvent. Moreover, a variety of amides with an efficiency of 75-95% were synthesized. The reaction was carried out in the presence of benzyl alcs., amine hydrochloride salts, tert-Bu hydroperoxide (TBHP), CaCO₃, and CN-Pr-Met-Cu(II) at 80°C of acetonitrile solvent. The synthesized catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction medium and reused for 7 consecutive runs without a significant reduction in reaction efficiency. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5SDS of cas: 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.SDS of cas: 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Transetherification reaction of aromatic-aliphatic ethers. II. Influence of the presence of a nitro group in an aromatic nucleus was written by Galmarini, Oscar L.;Deulofeu, Venancio. And the article was included in Anales de la Asociacion Quimica Argentina (1921-2001) in 1957.Quality Control of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

Ether groups undergo nucleophilic displacement in an aromatic nucleus if there is a nitro group in a para position. 5-Methoxy-2-nitrotoluene is partially converted by boiling with NaOEt in EtOH 12 hrs. to 5-ethoxy-2-nitrotoluene (I), but I is unaffected on boiling with NaOMe in MeOH. 4-Methoxy-2-nitrotoluene is not affected by aqueous KOH or NaOEt. Similarly 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrotoluene (II) is converted to 5-ethoxy-4-methoxy-2-nitrotoluene (III). Oliverio (Boll. sedute accad. Gioenia sci. nat. Catania [3] 1937) gave the product as 4,5-diethoxy-2-nitrotoluene (IV). IV is partially converted to 4-ethoxy-5-methoxy-2-nitrotoluene (V) and III and V are partially interconverted by NaOEt. The mixtures of toluene ethers could not be separated, but were oxidized to the corresponding benzoic acids which were separated by paper chromatography using 8:1:1 iso-PrOH-NH₄OH-H₂O. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Quality Control of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Quality Control of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Quantitation of the contaminants in technical fenitrothion by reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography was written by Cochrane, William P.;Lanouette, Monique;Greenhalgh, Roy. And the article was included in Journal – Association of Official Analytical Chemists in 1979.Electric Literature of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

Tech. grade samples of fenitrothion (I) [122-14-5] were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatog. on a reverse phase LiChrosorb RP-8 column, using 3 solvent systems and an UV detector set at 269 nm. All com. samples analyzed contained >94% I; in addn, 9 contaminants were identified and quantitated. Bisfenitrothion [4901-42-2] was the major contaminant, with average amounts of 2.46% from one manufacturer and 1.17% from another. The 2nd most abundant toxicant was S-Me fenitrothion [3344-14-7], which was present at an average level of 0.16-0.71%. The amount of fenitrooxon [2255-17-6] was ≤0.046%. Other contaminants quantitated include 2 demethyl fenitrothion [298-00-0] isomers, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol [2581-34-2], 3-methyl-6-nitrophenol [700-38-9], 3-methyl-4-nitroanisole [5367-32-8], and bis-S-Me fenitrothion [55098-00-5]. The total amount of the constituents quantitated in 9 com. samples was 99.07%. By comparing the amounts of bis-fenitrothion and phenols present in tech. grade fenitrothion, it should be possible to identify the specific manufacturers of the various products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Electric Literature of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Electric Literature of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Metal-free oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of quinones with benzylic C(sp³)-H bonds was written by Dong, Yu;Yang, Jian;He, Shuai;Shi, Zhi-Chuan;Wang, Yu;Zhang, Xiao-Mei;Wang, Ji-Yu. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

A metal-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling of quinones with toluene derivatives has been established. A series of quinones were subjected to reaction with toluene derivatives in the presence of di-tertbutyl peroxide (DTBP) for direct synthesis of benzylquinones such as I [R = H, Me, c-hexyl, etc.; R¹ = R² = H, Me; Ar = Ph, 4-MeC₆H₄, 4-ClC₆H₄, etc.]. The method exhibited good functional group tolerance and desired products were obtained in moderate to good yields. Meanwhile, a radical pathway was proposed to describe the cross-dehydrogenative coupling of quinones with toluene derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Thermo-Promoted Reactions of Anthranils with Carboxylic Acids, Amines, Phenols, and Malononitrile under Catalyst-Free Conditions was written by Jiang, Jing;Cai, Xin;Hu, Yanwei;Liu, Xuejun;Chen, Xiaodong;Wang, Shun-Yi;Zhang, Yinan;Zhang, Shilei. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2019.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A convenient and atom-economical procedure for the thermo-promoted reactions of anthranil with different substrates was developed. The catalyst-free process affords various useful building blocks with good to moderate yields. This chem. enables several step- and cost-effective approaches for biol. interesting mols. and provides an efficient platform for the investigation of untapped reactions at high temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Application of GC × GC coupled with TOF-MS for the trace analysis of chemical components and exploration the characteristic aroma profile of essential oils obtained from two tree peony species (Paeonia rockii and Paeonia ostii) was written by Wu, Yi;Li, LinZhu;Yuan, WeiQiong;Hu, JianZhong;Lv, ZhaoLin. And the article was included in European Food Research and Technology in 2021.Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Tree peony essential oil (EO) is a critical material for flavor and function in the industrial fields of perfume, medicine and food. To conduct an overall anal. of different varieties of tree peony EOs, the composition, aroma characteristics and antioxidant activity of ZiBan and FengDan EOs were analyzed by two-dimensional gas chromatog. and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF/MS) and the odor activity value (OAV). A total of 151 and 123 compounds were identified in ZiBan and FengDan EOs, resp., in which ZiBan EO was characterized by alc., alkane and acid, and FengDan EO was represented by aldehyde, alc. and terpene. Nevertheless, there were great differences in the content of coexisting substances in the two kinds of EOs. The aroma result indicated that the characteristic aroma and intensity of the two kinds of tree peony EOs were completely different; the aroma of ZiBan EO was mainly composed of fruity and floral aromas, whereas that of FengDan EO primarily consisted of fruity, fatty, grass and floral odors. The antioxidant activities of ZiBan EO was better than that of FengDan EO. The total antioxidant activities of ZiBan and FengDan EOs were found to be 0.020 mg Vc/mL EO and 0.003 mg Vc/mL EO, while the DPPH radical scavenging abilities of ZiBan and FengDan EOs were 24.77% and 21.60%, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Access toward Fluorenone Derivatives through Solvent-Free Ruthenium Trichloride Mediated [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions was written by Ye, Fei;Haddad, Mansour;Michelet, Veronique;Ratovelomanana-Vidal, Virginie. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2016.SDS of cas: 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

An efficient and practical route for the preparation of highly substituted fluorenones and analogs via solvent-free ruthenium trichloride mediated [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of α,ω-diynes and alkynes has been developed. This green chem. approach involves a solventless and atom-economical catalytic process to generate densely functionalized fluorenones and related derivatives of high synthetic utility. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8SDS of cas: 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.SDS of cas: 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ignition-delay measurement for drop test with hypergolic propellants: Reactive fuels and hydrogen peroxide was written by Kang, Hongjae;Park, Seonghyeon;Park, Youngchul;Lee, Jongkwang. And the article was included in Combustion and Flame in 2020.Recommanded Product: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Green hypergolic propellants have been extensively studied. In the present study, we attempted to improve the measurement technique for the ignition delay in hypergolic reactions by using a drop-test apparatus The evaluation method for the hypergolicity is important because an increase in the diversification of green hypergolic combinations is inevitable. Hydrogen peroxide (90 wt%) was used as an oxidizer, and six different reactive fuels were prepared Sodium borohydride was utilized as an ignition source for the fuels. Optical and acoustic sensors were employed to reliably measure the ignition delay. The proposed measurement technique used in this study accurately reflected the phys. phenomena of the hypergolic interactions. The tech. limitations in the conventional measurement technique using a high-speed camera were exptl. investigated. Liquid-phase reactions were dominant in the hypergolic reactions of the glyme-based reactive fuels. Gas-phase reactions significantly influenced the hypergolic reactions of most of the amine-based reactive fuels. The pyridine-based reactive fuel had a longer delay time for the gas-phase reaction process than the liquid-phase reaction process. Recognizing the rate-determining step of the hypergolic ignition is necessary for not only designing a rocket injector but also reducing combustion instability, e.g., reactive stream separation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Recommanded Product: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Recommanded Product: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cinnamonitrile Adjuvants Restore Susceptibility to β-Lactams against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus was written by Speri, Enrico;Kim, Choon;De Benedetti, Stefania;Qian, Yuanyuan;Lastochkin, Elena;Fishovitz, Jennifer;Fisher, Jed F.;Mobashery, Shahriar. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2019.Recommanded Product: 3-Formyl-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid This article mentions the following:

β-Lactams are used routinely to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections. However, the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) renders them clin. precarious. We describe a class of cinnamonitrile adjuvants that restore the activity of oxacillin (a penicillin member of the β-lactams) against MRSA. The lead adjuvants were tested against six important strains of MRSA, one vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strain, and one linezolid-resistant S. aureus strain. Five compounds out of 84 total compounds showed broad potentiation. At 8 μM (E)-3-(5-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)acrylonitrile (26) potentiated oxacillin with a >4000-fold reduction of its MIC (from 256 to 0.06 mg·L^-1). This class of adjuvants holds promise for reversal of the resistance phenotype of MRSA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Formyl-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid (cas: 480424-49-5Recommanded Product: 3-Formyl-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid).

3-Formyl-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid (cas: 480424-49-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Recommanded Product: 3-Formyl-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem