Tag: 100-200

Miscibility and hydrogen bonding in blends of poly(ethylene oxide) and kraft lignin was written by Kadla, John F.;Kubo, Satoshi. And the article was included in Macromolecules in 2003.Reference of 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

In this study we have prepared poly(ethylene oxide)-lignin blends using thermal mixing. Miscible blends were observed over the entire blend ratio. A m.p. depression, comparable to results obtained from phenoxy/PEO blends, and a neg. deviation of the glass temperature (T_g) from the weight-average values was observed The effect of the binary interaction parameter, χ, on T_g was analyzed. Satisfactory prediction of the T_g-composition curve was obtained, in which specific intermol. interactions exist. FT-IR analyses revealed a strong hydrogen bond between the aromatic hydroxyl proton and the ether oxygen in PEO. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Reference of 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Reference of 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Solvent-free Lipase-Catalyzed Preparation of Long-Chain Alkyl Phenylpropanoates and Phenylpropyl Alkanoates was written by Vosmann, Klaus;Weitkamp, Petra;Weber, Nikolaus. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2006.COA of Formula: C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

An enzymic method was developed for the preparation of medium- or long-chain alkyl 3-phenylpropenoates (alkyl cinnamates), particularly alkyl hydroxy- and methoxy-substituted cinnamates such as oleyl p-coumarate and oleyl ferulate. The various alkyl cinnamates were formed in high to moderate yield by lipase-catalyzed esterification of cinnamic acid and its analogs with fatty alcs. in vacuo at moderate temperatures in the absence of drying agents and solvents. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B was the most effective biocatalyst for the various esterification reactions. The relative esterification activities were of the following order: dihydrocinnamic > cinnamic > 3-methoxycinnamic > dihydrocaffeic ≈ 3-hydroxycinnamic > 4-methoxycinnamic > 2-methoxycinnamic > 4-hydroxycinnamic > ferulic ≈ 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic > 2-hydroxycinnamic acid. With respect to the position of the substituents at the Ph moiety, the esterification activity increased in the order meta > para > ortho. Rhizomucor miehei lipase demonstrated moderate esterification activity. Compounds with inverse chem. structure, i.e., 3-phenylpropyl alkanoates such as 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl oleate, were also obtained in high yield by esterification of fatty acids with the corresponding 3-phenylpropan-1-ols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3COA of Formula: C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.COA of Formula: C11H16O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Step-wise evolution of complex chemical defenses in millipedes: a phylogenomic approach was written by Rodriguez, Juanita;Jones, Tappey H.;Sierwald, Petra;Marek, Paul E.;Shear, William A.;Brewer, Michael S.;Kocot, Kevin M.;Bond, Jason E.. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2018.Reference of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

With fossil representatives from the Silurian capable of respiring atm. oxygen, millipedes are among the oldest terrestrial animals, and likely the first to acquire diverse and complex chem. defenses against predators. Exploring the origin of complex adaptive traits is critical for understanding the evolution of Earth’s biol. complexity, and chem. defense evolution serves as an ideal study system. The classic explanation for the evolution of complexity is by gradual increase from simple to complex, passing through intermediate “stepping stone” states. Here we present the first phylogenetic-based study of the evolution of complex chem. defenses in millipedes by generating the largest genomic-based phylogenetic dataset ever assembled for the group. Our phylogenomic results demonstrate that chem. complexity shows a clear pattern of escalation through time. New pathways are added in a stepwise pattern, leading to greater chem. complexity, independently in a number of derived lineages. This complexity gradually increased through time, leading to the advent of three distantly related chem. complex evolutionary lineages, each uniquely characteristic of each of the resp. millipede groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Reference of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Reference of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Giant Vesicles Undergoing Alkylation Reactions Observed by Optical Microscopy was written by Jaeger, David A.;Clark, Theotis Jr.. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2002.Name: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Giant vesicles (GVs) of functionalized, double-chain surfactant 1 (2-hydrazino-N-methyl-N,N-didodecyl-2-oxoethanaminium bromide) were observed by phase-contrast optical microscopy as they underwent chem. reactions with 2 (O-Me S-benzyl phenylphosphonothioate) in a pH 9.0 borate buffer at 23°. The GVs were damaged and ultimately converted into oil-like droplets. Also, GVs of 1 containing fluorescent dye 7 (1-methyl-7-hydroxyquinolinium iodide) were observed by simultaneous optical and epifluorescence microscopy as they underwent reactions with 2. The reactions effected the loss of 7 from the GVs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Name: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Name: 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and antiproliferative properties of 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives as inhibitors of EGF receptor-associated tyrosine kinase activity was written by Bouey-Bencteux, Edith;Loison, Cecile;Pommery, Nicole;Houssin, Raymond;Henichart, Jean-Pierre. And the article was included in Anti-Cancer Drug Design in 1998.Synthetic Route of C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

The mitogenic action of EGF is mediated by ligand-induced autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor (EGF-R), which is commonly over-expressed in numerous human cancers. Inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity could therefore be considered as effective potential antitumor agents. For this purpose, 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit RTK activity and the autophosphorylation of EGF-R. In addition, these compounds were tested on A431 cell growth to estimate their antiproliferative effect. The results showed that the substituent at the 4-position of the quinazoline ring must be an aromatic amine carrying small lipophilic electron-withdrawing groups on the 3- (or 2-) position of the Ph ring. This aromatic moiety might be far from the quinazoline provided that the linking group is conformationally restricted, such as with piperazine. Hydrophilic and non-aromatic substituents such as morpholine gave completely inactive compounds Introduction of a bulk at the 2-position of the quinazoline ring in 2,4-diaminoquinazolines or tricyclic compounds led to inactive products. This study reports addnl. structure-activity relationships of a well-characterized series to develop new inhibitors of EGF-R-associated tyrosine kinase activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Synthetic Route of C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Synthetic Route of C11H16O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ylide methylation of aromatic nitro compounds was written by Traynelis, Vincent J.;McSweeney, John Venard. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1966.COA of Formula: C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

The reaction of dimethyloxosulfonium methylide with nitrobenzene produced ο- and p-nitrotoluenes in about 35% yield with an ortho/para ratio of about 10-15. Addnl. methylation reactions with 1-nitronaphthalene, ο-, m-, and p-chloronitrobenzenes, ο-, m-, and p-nitrotoluene, and m- and p-nitroanisoles are described. Some mechanistic possibilities for the origin of the products are considered. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8COA of Formula: C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.COA of Formula: C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

P-Type Electrochemical Doping Can Occur by Cation Expulsion in a High-Performing Polymer for Organic Electrochemical Transistors was written by Flagg, Lucas Q.;Bischak, Connor G.;Quezada, Ramsess J.;Onorato, Jonathan W.;Luscombe, Christine. K.;Ginger, David S.. And the article was included in ACS Materials Letters in 2020.Synthetic Route of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

We investigate the mechanism of ion-dependent charge compensation during electrochem. oxidation (doping) of the model mixed ionic/electronic transporting polythiophene derivative poly(3-{[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]methyl}thiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3MEEMT). Using a combination of electrochem. quartz microbalance gravimetry and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, we show that charge compensation during polymer redox processes proceeds via a cation-dependent mechanism. For p-type polymer oxidation in certain electrolytes, charge compensation is achieved by both eventual injection of anions into the film, as well as initial expulsion of cations from the film. We compare doping mechanisms for a variety of electrolyte salts including potassium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF₆), and tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate. For the electrolyte KPF₆, both the cations and anions coexist in the water-swelled polymer even prior to application of elec. bias. Our data indicate that electrochem. doping (hole injection into the polymer and ionic charge compensation) proceeds via the following mechanism: (1) hydration of the neutral film by electrolyte (water, cations, anions), (2) cation (K⁺) expulsion from the film upon initial application of an oxidative bias, and (3) anion injection into the film at higher oxidation/doping levels (>∼2 × 10²⁰/cm³). Understanding the mechanism of charge compensation during the doping process should allow for the design of improved mixed ionic/electronic conductors for use in applications ranging from organic supercapacitors and redox flow batteries to bioelectronic sensors, thermoelecs., and devices for neuromorphic computing. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Synthetic Route of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Synthetic Route of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Silver-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Deoxydifluoromethylthiolation of Activated Aliphatic Alcohols with BT-SCF₂H was written by Tironi, Matteo;Hopkinson, Matthew N.. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C8H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Deoxygenative conversion of alcs. into difluoromethylthioethers is reported using 2-((difluoromethyl)thio)-3-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-3-ium triflate (BT-SCF₂H) as a source of ^–SCF₂H anions. The presence of silver(I) triflate as a catalyst was found to be crucial for stabilizing the in situ-generated anion, while the concomitant formation of a reactive 2-(alkoxy)benzothiazolium electrophile likely ensures a fast onward substitution reaction, avoiding the build-up of ^–SCF₂H. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this process represents the first report of a direct nucleophilic substitution reaction with ^–SCF₂H and delivers products containing the medicinally relevant difluoromethylthio motif in a single step from widely available alcs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Electric Literature of C8H10O2).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Electric Literature of C8H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A Benzoyl Peroxide/Diphenyl Diselenide Binary System for Functionalization of Alkynes Leading to Alkenyl and Alkynyl Selenides was written by Kodama, Shintaro;Saeki, Tomokazu;Mihara, Kei;Higashimae, Shinya;Kawaguchi, Shin-ichi;Sonoda, Motohiro;Nomoto, Akihiro;Ogawa, Akiya. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2017.Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Binary systems consisting of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and diorganyl diselenide are effective in the selective benzoyloxyselenation of internal alkynes to afford the corresponding β-(benzoyloxy)alkenyl selenides in good yields. In contrast to internal alkynes, terminal alkynes undergo a novel C(sp)-H substitution with the phenylseleno group of the BPO/(PhSe)₂ system, providing alkynyl selenides in good yields. Both selenation reactions might proceed via benzoyloxy selenide (PhC(O)O-SeAr) as a key intermediate for electrophilic addition to alkynes. The products alkenyl and alkynyl selenides are expected to be useful synthetic intermediates in organic synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Formula: C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Formula: C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Substituent effects on the activation parameters of the reaction between 1,4-benzoquinones and hydrogen peroxide: A combined experimental and theoretical study was written by Jozsa, Eva;Jenei, Laura Barbara;Kegl, Tamas;Osz, Katalin. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2022.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Exptl. and theor. results on the aqueous reactions of various substituted 1,4-bnzoquinone derivatives (2-tert-butyl-, 2-methyl-, 2-chloro-, 2,6-dichloro- and the unsubstituted 1,4-benzoquinone) are reported. The rate law of the process was confirmed to be first order with respect to the quinone, first order with respect to hydrogen peroxide, and inverse first order with respect to hydrogen ion, which is interpreted by a rate controlling reaction between the quinone and the mononeg. hydroperoxide ion. Activation parameters are reported for each substituted quinone except for the 2-tert-Bu derivative, where the influence of parallel and consecutive processes made it impossible to determine these kinetic parameters with satisfactory precision. The trend of the activation parameters was interpreted by Hammett correlation. In the quantum chem. studies, the M06-L functional along with the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set was used to optimize the relevant structures including the transition states of the rate controlling step. The results of the theor. calculations were in reasonable agreement with the exptl. findings. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem