Tag: 100-200

Effect of Reaction Conditions on Catalytic and Noncatalytic Lignin Solvolysis in Water Media Investigated for a 5 L Reactor was written by Ghoreishi, Solmaz;Barth, Tanja;Hermundsgaard, Dag H.. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2019.Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The high content of oxygen in the lignin polymer and the prevalence of phenolic functional groups make the conversion of lignin to fuels and value-added products with well-defined chem. properties challenging. The lignin-to-liquid process using a water/formic acid reaction medium has been shown to convert the lignin polymer to monomers with a mol. weight range of 300-600 Da. The bio-oil comprises a complex mixture of monomeric phenols, aromatics, and aliphatic hydrocarbons with a high H/C and low O/C ratio. This study investigates the effect of the stirring rate, level of loading, and catalyst at 305 and 350 °C in a 5 L pilot scale reactor. The oil yields are found to be highest for experiments conducted using the maximum stirring rate, maximum level of loading, and Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst with yields of more than 69 weight % on lignin intake. Goethite as a catalyst does not show good conversion efficiency at either reaction temperatures The carbon recovery is highest for products produced at 305 °C. Furthermore, results from solid phase extraction on a DSC-CN solid phase show that 65-92 weight % the bio-oils can be recovered as fractions separated based on polarity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Formula: C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Toward an Increased Functionality in Oyster (Pleurotus) Mushrooms Produced on Grape Marc or Olive Mill Wastes Serving as Sources of Bioactive Compounds was written by Koutrotsios, Georgios;Kalogeropoulos, Nick;Kaliora, Andriana C.;Zervakis, Georgios I.. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2018.COA of Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, and P. nebrodensis were cultivated on nonconventional substrates containing grape marc (GMC) or olive mill byproducts (OMB); wheat straw (WHS) served as control. GMC-based media demonstrated equal/better mushroom productivity than WHS for P. eryngii and P. nebrodensis, while the cultivation performance of P. eryngii was improved in OMB-based media. Both GMC and OMB substrates led to large increase of fruit-bodies content in phenolic acids, resveratrol, triterpenic compounds, and ergosterol; in particular, P. eryngii mushrooms presented significantly more total phenolics and exhibited much higher antioxidant activity (2- to 8-fold increase). Furthermore, substrates containing GMC or OMB presented up to 27% increase in mushroom β-glucans. Overall, Pleurotus species responded in a different and mostly substrate-specific manner by selectively absorbing organic compounds Phenolics and squalene content of substrates correlated very well with mushrooms antioxidant activity and ergosterol, resp.; the same was observed for triterpenics’ content of substrates and mushrooms. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1COA of Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.COA of Formula: C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Biotransformation of pungent constituents from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides yields oxidative ortho-ortho coupling products was written by de Avila, Roberta Marques Dias;Toffano, Leonardo;Fernandes, Joao Batista;da Silva, Maria Fatima das Gracas Fernandes;de Sousa, Lorena Ramos Freitas;Vieira, Paulo Cezar. And the article was included in Biocatalysis and Biotransformation in 2022.SDS of cas: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This work investigated the biotransformation of ginger constituents (zingerone, [6]-shogaol, [6]-gingerol, and methyl-[6]-gingerol) by the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Experiments were carried out with and without deuterium-labeled compounds The product metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatog. coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatog. solid phase extraction-NMR. Substrates supplied to the fungus were incorporated into metabolic pathways mostly by oxidation reactions, including aromatic carbon-carbon coupling. Zingerone and [6]-gingerol biotransformation products included biphenol dimers. A biodegradation pathway for biphenol formation was proposed based on the presence of the intermediate 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenol, commonly identified from [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol biodegradation This intermediate likely originates from a Baeyer-Villiger reaction followed by hydrolysis. The C-C coupling of mols. could result in phenolic oxidative ortho-ortho coupling, suggesting that biphenol dimers are products of C. gloeosporioides laccase catalysis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1SDS of cas: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Mechanism of stereoselective production of trans-1-decalone by electrochemical catalysis in microemulsions was written by Gao, Jianxin;Njue, Christopher K.;Mbindyo, Jeremiah K. N.;Rusling, James F.. And the article was included in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry in 1999.Recommanded Product: 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Microemulsions made from water, oil and surfactant are attractive alternatives to organic solvents for mediated electrochem. synthesis. Cyclization of 2-(4-bromobutyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one (1) to 1-decalone (2) mediated by an electrochem. generated cobalt(I) complex favored the trans- form over cis-1-decalone by ∼93:7 in microemulsions, but poorer stereoselectivity was obtained in organic solvents. Microemulsion composition, surfactant type (cationic or anionic), or chirality of the mediator did not significantly influence the trans/cis ratio of 1-decalone. Selective formation of trans-1-decalone in microemulsions is attributed to equilibration of isomers via keto-enol tautomerization catalyzed by hydroxide ions formed by coelectrolysis of water during the reaction. Trans-1-decalone was efficiently produced in 2 h electrolyzes in microemulsions with large volume fractions of water. Organic solvents with trace amounts of water gave little stereoselectivity in similar periods, but longer equilibration times produced larger proportions of trans-1-decalone. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Recommanded Product: 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: 112-59-4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synergistic and dichotomous effects of nectar phenolics on honey bee colonies was written by Jiang, Xueli;Gao, Jie;Sharif, Muhammad Zahid;Zhang, Xuewen;Liu, Fanglin. And the article was included in Pakistan Journal of Zoology in 2022.Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Nectar phenolics have a widespread effect on honey bees and their colonies. Because of their complex, non-linear interactions, it is difficult to assess honey bee health risks from exposure to real-world floral nectar with complex phenolic mixture In the study, we investigate the bee losses of Apis mellifera in the flowering period of the Mexican sunflower Tithonia diversifolia in southwestern China, and use data mining approach to model the relationships between nectar phenolics and bee losses. The results show that bee losses are closely related to the phenolics of isochlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and galangin, identified from the sunflower nectar. The nectar phenolics do not cause bee-poisoning to death, but can trigger bee colonies to explore food sources at risk. Also, each of these phenolics acts in a dichotomous mode, with above a certain value destructing colonies and below such value affecting little. This study provides new insight into the mechanism underlying the catastrophic events of bee losses or honey harvests, which have been reported worldwide. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Kinetic study of carbonaceous deposit formation and catalyst deactivation in hydrotreating of fast pyrolysis bio-oil was written by Ma, Xiaoyuechuan;Pang, Shusheng;Xu, Qixiang. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Science in 2021.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Fast pyrolysis of biomass followed by hydrotreating of bio-oil is considered to be a promising thermochem. conversion process of biomass to liquid fuel. Catalytic hydrotreating converts the crude bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis into liquid intermediates with reduced oxygen content, and low viscosity and acidity. However, effective lifetime of catalyst can be significantly reduced by coking which has been recognized as the main cause of catalyst deactivation during the hydrotreating process. In this study, similar phenomenon has been observed but the catalyst deposit was different from the reported coke and thus a new term of carbonaceous deposit is introduced. Kinetics of the carbonaceous deposit formation and its characteristics have been investigated for hydrotreating of bio-oil derived from fast pyrolysis of rice husk using com. HTB-45 Ni-based catalyst. A math. model for the hydrotreating process, which is based on key chem. reactions and consists of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), has been developed and solved with the kinetic parameters being obtained from the experiments Results of this study are helpful for better understanding and optimization of the catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Comparative analysis of tuberous root metabolites between cultivated and wild varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa by widely targeted metabolomics was written by Zhou, Yanqing;Shao, Luying;Zhu, Jialin;Li, Huimin;Duan, Hongying. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2021.SDS of cas: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Differential metabolites between tuberous roots from cultivated variety (ZP) and wild variety (YS) of Rehmannia glutinosa were analyzed by widely targeted metabolomics, and annotated to KEGG pathways. 228 secondary metabolites (SM) in ZP and YS were detected, of which 58 were differential metabolites (DM), including 41 flavonoids, 10 phenolic acids, 3 terpenoids, 2 alkaloids and 2 others, and 170 were unchanged; Among 58 DMs, 44 (75.9%) were up-regulated in YS, of which 30 were unique to YS, while 14 (24.1%) were down-regulated in YS, of which 10 were unique to ZP; Among flavonoids, 33 (80.5%) were more highly expressed in YS than in ZP; Among phenolic acids, 7 (70%) were more highly expressed in YS than in ZP; 12 of 58 DMs were annotated into 17 types of KEGG pathways. Among them, benzoic acid and p-Coumaryl alc. were up-regulated in YS, and annotated into 10 pathways (58.8%) and 4 pathways (23.5%), resp. In addition, much of DMs possess various pharmacol. effects. These results indicated better quality of YS than ZP and the necessity of YS domestication. Taken together, this study will provide a reference for the scientific introduction, comprehensive development and utilization of wild Rehmannia glutinosa. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1SDS of cas: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Measurement and Prediction of the Molar Heat Capacities of Liquid Polyoxyethylene Glycol Monoalkyl Ethers (C_nE_m) was written by Goralski, Pawel;Tkaczyk, Mariola. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data in 2015.Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The saturation heat capacities of eleven polyoxyethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers (C_nE_m) were measured by the calorimetric (DSC) method. The measurements were performed within the temperature range of (275.15 to 339.15) K by Micro DSCIII (Setaram) calorimeter. Assuming that the molar heat capacity (C_p,m) shows an additive character, the contributions to the C_p,m values of particular functional groups forming the compounds of C_nE_m series were calculated Two models differing in the manner of mol. division into functional groups, i.e., first- and second-order additivity group contribution approach, were used. In the latter, not only the type of functional group but also its position and the closest neighborhood was taken into account. The average deviations between the exptl. values of C_p and those estimated on the basis of the group contributions do not exceed 0.4 % for the compound of the series under investigation. The group contributions determined in this study make it possible to predict the molar heat capacity of monoethers C_nE_m within the temperature range of (270 to 350) K with an average error below 1 %. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Safety of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography-based quali-quantitative screening of aqueous phases from pyrolysis bio-oils was written by Lazzari, Eliane;Arena, Katia;Caramao, Elina B.;Dugo, Paola;Mondello, Luigi;Herrero, Miguel. And the article was included in Electrophoresis in 2021.Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Pyrolysis processes are an alternative to minimize the environmental problem associated to agrifood industrial wastes. The main product resulting from these processes is a high-value liquid product, called bio-oil. Recently, the use of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatog. (LC × LC) has been demonstrated as a useful tool to improve the characterization of the water-soluble phases of bio-oils, considering their complexity and high water content. However, the precise composition of bio-oils from different agrifood byproducts is still unknown. The qual. and quant. screening of eight aqueous phases from different biomasses, not yet reported in the literature, using LC × LC is presented. The two-dimensional approach was based on the use of two reverse phase separations An amide column in the first dimension together with a C18 column in the second dimension were employed. Thanks to the use of diode array and mass spectrometry detection, 28 compounds were identified and quantified in the aqueous phase samples with good figures of merit. Samples showed a distinct quali-quant. composition and a great predominance of compounds belonging to aldehydes, ketones and phenols, most of them with high polarity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Formula: C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Modification of Lignoboost Kraft Lignin from softwoods with dihydroxybenzenes was written by Hoffmann, Anton;Nong, Johanna Phuong;Porzel, Andrea;Bremer, Martina;Fischer, Steffen. And the article was included in Reactive & Functional Polymers in 2019.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Lignin, a component of the cell walls of plants and the second most abundant biopolymer has long been regarded as disturbing substance in pulp production by paper industry. This view has changed in recent decades. Thus, lignin is increasingly regarded as an alternative to crude oil. Tuned and modified lignins have suitable properties to use them as building blocks for various applications as well as for the production of basic chems. By modifying lignin, its reactivity and uniformity can be increased. In addition, properties of the lignin can be changed and influenced by selective modification. By a solvent-free modification with dihydroxybenzene, aliphatic OH groups of the lignin side chain can be removed and covalent C-C bonds to the aromatics can be formed. At the same time, aryl-alkyl ether cleavage occurs, which reduces the mol. weight of lignin by about one third. In addition, ongoing reactions result in the reduction in the mol. weight distribution. All this leads to a more uniform and reactive lignin which is interesting as a precursor for various applications. This work provides a deeper understanding of ongoing reactions with dihydroxybenzenes and the structure of modified lignins. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Safety of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem