Tag: M.W=50-100

Chadha, Vijay K. published the artcileInhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism, HPLC of Formula: 16332-06-2, the main research area is liver alc dehydrogenase carboxamide sulfoxide; ethanol metabolism carboxamide sulfoxide; alc metabolism carboxamide sulfoxide.

Sulfoxides and amides were tested as inhibitors of liver alc. dehydrogenase  [9031-72-5] and of EtOH [64-17-5] metabolism in rats. With both series of compounds, increasing the hydrophobicity resulted in better inhibition, and introduction of polar groups reduced inhibition. Of the cyclic sulfoxides, tetramethylene sulfoxide (I) [1600-44-8] was the best inhibitor as compared to the tri- [13153-11-2] and pentamethylene analogs [4988-34-5] and other compounds, and it may be a transition-state analog. The most promising compounds, I and isovaleramide  [541-46-8], were essentially uncompetitive inhibitors of purified horse and rat liver alc. dehydrogenases with respect to EtOH as substrate. These compounds also were uncompetitive inhibitors in vivo, which is advantageous since the inhibition is not overcome at higher concentrations of EtOH, as it is with competitive inhibitors, such as pyrazole. The uncompetitive inhibition constants for I and isovaleramide for rat liver alc. dehydrogenase were 200 and 20 μM, resp. in vitro, whereas in vivo the values were 340 and 180 μmol/kg, resp. The differences in the values may be due to metabolism or distribution of the compounds Further studies will be required to determine if isovaleramide or I is suitable for therapeutic purposes.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Liver. 16332-06-2 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 2-Methoxyacetamide, and the molecular formula is C3H7NO2, HPLC of Formula: 16332-06-2.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bordwell, F. G. published the artcileAcidities of carboxamides, hydroxamic acids, carbohydrazides, benzenesulfonamides, and benzenesulfonohydrazides in DMSO solution, Quality Control of 16332-06-2, the main research area is acidity carbon nitrogen oxygen acid; carboxamide acidity; hydroxamic acid acidity; carbohydrazide acidity; benzenesulfonamide acidity; benzenesulfonohydrazide acidity.

A comparison of acidities of 6 series of analogous oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon acids in DMSO solution and the gas phase has shown that the element effect usually causes nitrogen acids to be more acidic than their carbon acid counterparts by an average of 17 ± 5 kcal/mol, and oxygen acids to be more acidic than their nitrogen counterparts by a like amount A much smaller difference was observed between the NH acidities of carboxamides and the CH acidities of ketones (1-2 kcal/mol in DMSO and 7-8 kcal/mol in the gas phase). Equilibrium acidities in DMSO for a number of substituted benzamides, acetamides, N-phenylacetamides, acetoxyhydroxamic acids, benzohydroxamic acids, carbohydrazides, and benzenesulfonamides are reported. Aceto- and benzohydroxamic acids were found to be 9.8 and 10.1 pKHA units more acidic in DMSO, resp., than acetamide and benzamide. In each instance the effect of N-alkylation decreased the acidity more than did O-alkylation, which indicates that the parents are NH, rather than OH, acids in DMSO. Conclusive supporting evidence for the NH acid assignment was provided by the observation that the N-alkylhydroxamic acids exhibited strong homo-H-bonding, whereas the parent acids and the O-alkyl derivatives did not. Oxidation potentials of hydroxamate anions in DMSO are close to those of O-alkylhydroxamate ions, confirming that their conjugate acids are NH acids, but in MeOH they are close to those of N-alkylhydroxamate ion showing that their conjugate acids can act as OH acids in hydroxylic solvents. The N-alkyl- and O-alkylhydroxamic acids exhibited much stronger chelating power toward K+, Na+, and Li+ ions than did the parent acids.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about Acidity. 16332-06-2 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 2-Methoxyacetamide, and the molecular formula is C3H7NO2, Quality Control of 16332-06-2.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tamura, Masazumi published the artcileSubstrate-Specific Heterogeneous Catalysis of CeO2 by Entropic Effects via Multiple Interactions, Application of 2-Methoxyacetamide, the main research area is Substrate Specific heterogeneous catalysis ceria entropic effect multiple interaction; hydration reaction nitrogen heterocycle nitrile kinetics ceria carboxamide; enzyme inspired synthetic catalyst.

Achieving complete substrate specificity through multiple interactions like an enzyme is one of the ultimate goals in catalytic studies. Herein, we demonstrate that multiple interactions between the CeO2 surface and substrates are the origin of substrate-specific hydration of nitriles in water by CeO2, which is exclusively applicable to the nitriles with a heteroatom (N or O) adjacent to the α-carbon of the CN group but is not applicable to the other nitriles. Kinetic studies reveal that CeO2 reduces the entropic barrier (TΔS‡) for the reaction of the former reactive substrate, leading to 107-fold rate enhancement compared with the latter substrate. D. functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed multiple interaction of the reactive substrate with CeO2, as well as preferable approximation and alignment of the nitrile group of the substrate to the active OH group on CeO2 surface. This can lead to the reduction of the entropic barrier. This is the first example of an entropy-driven substrate-specific catalysis of a nonporous metal oxide surface, which will provide a new design strategy for enzyme-inspired synthetic catalysts.

ACS Catalysis published new progress about Activation energy. 16332-06-2 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 2-Methoxyacetamide, and the molecular formula is C3H7NO2, Application of 2-Methoxyacetamide.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Guan, Qingqing published the artcileBiodiesel from transesterification at low temperature by AlCl3 catalysis in ethanol and carbon dioxide as cosolvent: Process, mechanism and application, Quality Control of 16332-06-2, the main research area is biodiesel aluminum chloride ethanol carbon dioxide temperature catalysis; ethanol carbon dioxide temperature catalysis transesterification mechanism.

Finding a more efficient method for the transesterification of triglycerides to biodiesel fuel (BD) is important in today’s world. In this study, transesterification of trilaurin was carried out in a solution containing 4 wt% of the Lewis acid AlCl3 dissolved in a cosolvent of ethanol and 5 MPa CO2. A conversion rate of over 90% was achieved within 1 h at the low temperature of 180°C. The process indicates a co-catalytic effect of the Lewis acid and CO2. We postulate several key steps for the mechanism. First, the CO2-ethanol mixture enhances the hydrogen bonding, increasing the concentration of C2H5O·. Second AlCl3 attacks the oxygen of C-O-C to weaken the bonds to form carbonyl carbon OR1, which is then easily attacked by C2H5O· to give the transesterified product (C2H4COOR1). Third, AlCl3 is finally replaced by H to form glycerin (GL) and intermediates, such as unmethyl esterified compounds (uME). AlCl3 was used as a flocculant and catalyst for converting waste cooking oil (WCO) to BD. The process achieved 97% free fatty acid (FFA) conversion at 120 °C in 90 min, making it one of the most efficient systems available for WCO recovery. AlCl3 was also successfully applied to microalgae, signaling the potential for a process that combines harvesting, lipid extraction, and transesterification, leading to fully integrated, microalgae-based BD production

Applied Energy published new progress about Activation energy. 16332-06-2 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 2-Methoxyacetamide, and the molecular formula is C3H7NO2, Quality Control of 16332-06-2.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Breno, Kerry L. published the artcileAqueous Phase Organometallic Catalysis Using (MeCp)2Mo(OH)(H2O)+. Intramolecular Attack of Hydroxide on Organic Substrates, Formula: C3H7NO2, the main research area is aqueous phase methylcyclopentadienyl molybdenum hydroxide hydrate catalysis; intramol attack hydroxide organic substrate methylcyclopentadienylmolybdenum hydroxide hydrate catalyzed; ester hydrolysis nitrile hydration oxidation catalyst methylcyclopentadienylmolybdenum hydroxide hydrate; kinetics oxidation ester hydrolysis nitrile hydration methylcyclopentadienylmolybdenum hydroxide catalyzed.

The hydrolysis of esters and difunctional ethers catalyzed by Cp’2Mo(OH)(H2O)+ (1) (Cp’ = η5-C5H4CH3) and the stoichiometric oxidation of CO to CO2 in the presence of 1 are described. These reactions, combined with the previously reported nitrile hydrations and phosphate esters hydrolyzes catalyzed by 1, demonstrate that 1 is an effective homogeneous catalyst for hydration, hydrolysis, and oxidation reactions in aqueous solution under mild conditions (pH ∼ 7, ∼ 80°). Each reaction is proposed to proceed by intramol. attack of the hydroxide ligand on a bound substrate. The intramol. nature of the reaction is supported by the ester hydrolysis activation parameters (ΔH⧧ = 5.9 ± 0.7 kcal/mol and ΔS⧧ = -48 ± 9 eu), the lack of H/D exchange, and the significant increase (106-108) in the rate of hydrolysis over uncatalyzed hydrolysis.

Organometallics published new progress about Activation enthalpy. 16332-06-2 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 2-Methoxyacetamide, and the molecular formula is C3H7NO2, Formula: C3H7NO2.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Manley, Peter J. published the artcileA new synthesis of naphthyridinones and quinolinones: palladium-catalyzed amidation of o-carbonyl-substituted aryl halides, Computed Properties of 16332-06-2, the main research area is haloaryl aldehyde amide amidation aldol condensation palladium catalyst; naphthyridinone preparation; quinolinone preparation; palladium amidation aldol condensation catalyst.

An alternative to the Friedlaender condensation for the synthesis of naphthyridinones, e.g., I, and quinolinones has been discovered. Palladium-catalyzed amidation of halo aromatics substituted in the ortho position by a carbonyl functional group or its equivalent with primary or secondary amides leads to the formation of substituted naphthyridinones and quinolinones.

Organic Letters published new progress about Aldol condensation. 16332-06-2 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 2-Methoxyacetamide, and the molecular formula is C3H7NO2, Computed Properties of 16332-06-2.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Beller, Matthias published the artcilePalladium-catalyzed reactions for fine chemical synthesis, Part 6. Efficient chemoenzymic synthesis of enantiomerically pure α-amino acids, Recommanded Product: 2-Methoxyacetamide, the main research area is amino acid asym chemoenzymic synthesis; amidocarbonylation aldehyde amino acid preparation; enzymic hydrolysis acylamino acid.

A general two-step chemoenzymic synthesis for enantiomerically pure natural and nonnatural α-amino acids is presented. In the first step of the sequence, the ubiquitous educts aldehyde, amide and carbon monoxide react by palladium-catalyzed amidocarbonylation to afford the racemic N-acyl amino acids in excellent yields. In the second step, enzymic enantioselective hydrolysis yields the free optically pure α-amino acid and the other enantiomer as the N-acyl derivative, both in optical purities of 85-99.5% ee. The advantage of the chemoenzymic process compared to other amino acid synthesis are demonstrated by the preparation of various functionalized (-OR, -Cl, -F, -SR) α-amino acids on a 10-g scale.

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about Aldehydes Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 16332-06-2 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 2-Methoxyacetamide, and the molecular formula is C3H7NO2, Recommanded Product: 2-Methoxyacetamide.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Liu, Jin published the artcileA Comparison of Acetyl- and Methoxycarbonylnitrenes by Computational Methods and a Laser Flash Photolysis Study of Benzoylnitrene, Application of 2-Methoxyacetamide, the main research area is acetylnitrene methoxycarbonylnitrene comparison laser flash photolysis benzoylnitrene.

D. functional theory (DFT), CCSD(T), and CBS-QB3 calculations were performed to understand the chem. and reactivity differences between acetylnitrene (CH3C(:O)N) and methoxycarbonylnitrene (CH3OC(:O)N) and related compounds CBS-QB3 theory alone correctly predicts that acetylnitrene has a singlet ground state. We agree with previous studies that there is a substantial N-O interaction in singlet acetylnitrene and find a corresponding but weaker interaction in methoxycarbonylnitrene. Methoxycarbonylnitrene has a triplet ground state because the oxygen atom stabilizes the triplet state of the carbonyl nitrene more than the corresponding singlet state. The oxygen atom also stabilizes the transition state of the Curtius rearrangement and accelerates the isomerization of methoxycarbonylnitrene relative to acetylnitrene. Acetyl azide is calculated to decompose by concerted migration of the Me group along with nitrogen extrusion; the free energy of activation for this concerted process is only 27 kcal/mol, and a free nitrene is not produced upon pyrolysis of acetyl azide. Methoxycarbonyl azide, on the other hand, does have a preference for stepwise Curtius rearrangement via the free nitrene. The bimol. reactions of acetylnitrene and methoxycarbonylnitrene with propane, ethylene, and methanol were calculated and found to have enthalpic barriers that are near zero and free energy barriers that are controlled by entropy. These predictions were tested by laser flash photolysis studies of benzoyl azide. The absolute bimol. reaction rate constants of benzoylnitrene were measured with the following substrates: acetonitrile (k = 3.4 × 105 M-1 s-1), methanol (6.5 × 106 M-1 s-1), water (4.0 × 106 M-1 s-1), cyclohexane (1.8 × 105 M-1 s-1), and several representative alkenes. The activation energy for the reaction of benzoylnitrene with 1-hexene is -0.06 ± 0.001 kcal/mol. The activation energy for the decay of benzoylnitrene in pentane is -3.20 ± 0.02 kcal/mol. The latter results indicate that the rates of reactions of benzoylnitrene are controlled by entropic factors in a manner reminiscent of singlet carbene processes.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about Electron spin density. 16332-06-2 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 2-Methoxyacetamide, and the molecular formula is C3H7NO2, Application of 2-Methoxyacetamide.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Nirmala, Muthukumaran published the artcileRuthenium(II) complexes incorporating salicylaldiminato-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligands as efficient and versatile catalysts for hydration of organonitriles, Safety of 2-Methoxyacetamide, the main research area is salicylaldiminato imidazolidene heterocyclic carbene ruthenium preparation catalyst hydration organonitrile.

Authors describe a new synthetic procedure for synthesis of ruthenium(II) complexes containing salicylaldiminato functionalized mixed N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand and phosphine co-ligand. The complexes (3a-3d) have been obtained in good to excellent yields by transmetalation from the corresponding Ag-NHC complexes (2a-2d) as carbene transfer reagents. All the [Ru-NHC] complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, spectroscopic methods as well as ESI mass spectrometry. The ligands 1a-1d show their versatility by switching to be O,N,C-chelating in these ruthenium(II) complexes. The resulting complexes have been evaluated as potential catalysts for the selective hydration of nitriles to primary amides, and related amide bond forming reactions, in environmentally friendly medium. The reaction tolerated ether, hydroxyl, nitro, bromo, formyl, pyridyl, benzyl and alkyl functional groups. The catalyst was stable for weeks and could be recovered and reused more than six times without significant loss of activity.

Inorganica Chimica Acta published new progress about Amides Role: SPN (Synthetic Preparation), PREP (Preparation). 16332-06-2 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 2-Methoxyacetamide, and the molecular formula is C3H7NO2, Safety of 2-Methoxyacetamide.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Babon, Juan C. published the artcileHydration of Aliphatic Nitriles Catalyzed by an Osmium Polyhydride: Evidence for an Alternative Mechanism, Formula: C3H7NO2, the main research area is aliphatic nitrile hydration mechanism osmium polyhydride catalyst crystal structure.

The hexahydride OsH6(PiPr3)2 competently catalyzes the hydration of aliphatic nitriles to amides. The main metal species under the catalytic conditions are the trihydride osmium(IV) amidate derivatives OsH3{κ2-N,O-[HNC(O)R]}(PiPr3)2, which have been isolated and fully characterized for R = iPr and tBu. The rate of hydration is proportional to the concentrations of the catalyst precursor, nitrile, and water. When these exptl. findings and d. functional theory calculations are combined, the mechanism of catalysis has been established. Complexes OsH3{κ2-N,O-[HNC(O)R]}(PiPr3)2 dissociate the carbonyl group of the chelate to afford κ1-N-amidate derivatives, which coordinate the nitrile. The subsequent attack of an external water mol. to both the C(sp) atom of the nitrile and the N atom of the amidate affords the amide and regenerates the κ1-N-amidate catalysts. The attack is concerted and takes place through a cyclic six-membered transition state, which involves Cnitrile···O-H···Namidate interactions. Before the attack, the free carbonyl group of the κ1-N-amidate ligand fixes the water mol. in the vicinity of the C(sp) atom of the nitrile.

Inorganic Chemistry published new progress about Amides Role: SPN (Synthetic Preparation), PREP (Preparation). 16332-06-2 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 2-Methoxyacetamide, and the molecular formula is C3H7NO2, Formula: C3H7NO2.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem