Month: November 2022

Fragmentation of Woody Lignocellulose into Primary Monolignols and Their Derivatives was written by Sun, Jiankui;Li, Helong;Xiao, Ling-Ping;Guo, Xuan;Fang, Yunming;Sun, Run-Cang;Song, Guoyong. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2019.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Lignin, which is biosynthesized through oxidative radical polymerization from primary monolignols during plant growth, represents the most abundant source of renewable aromatic resources. The search for efficient and selective catalysts for the production of monolignols and their corresponding unsaturated derivatives from the direct depolymerization of lignin is of great interest and importance, as such products are important platform chems. for the synthesis of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials. We report herein the first case of a supported molybdenum catalyst that functions as an efficient and selective catalyst for the fragmentation of woody lignocelluloses, leading to monolignols and ethers in high yields with high selectivity. Hydrogenation of the side chain and recondensation were not observed, suggesting that etherification acts as a new stabilization mechanism in the current Mo catalytic system. The (hemi)cellulose components were well preserved and amenable to valorization via enzymic hydrolysis and chemocatalytic conversion. This method constitutes an economically responsible pathway for lignin valorization as well as fractionation and sequential utilization of all of the biomass components. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rh(I)-Diene-Catalyzed Addition of (Hetero)aryl Functionality to 1,3-Dienylsulfonyl Fluorides Achieving Exclusive Regioselectivity and High Enantioselectivity: Generality and Mechanism was written by Moku, Balakrishna;Fang, Wan-Yin;Leng, Jing;Kantchev, Eric Assen B.;Qin, Hua-Li. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2019.Recommanded Product: 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Exclusively regioselective addition of (hetero)aromatic groups to 1,3-dienylsulfonyl fluorides using the Rh(I)/diene catalyst produces a class of (E)-2-aryl-4-(aryl or alkyl)but-3-ene-1-sulfonyl fluorides in high isolated yields (up to 96%) across a broad substrate scope (44 examples) indicative of high functional group tolerance. A typical dienesulfonyl fluoride showed higher activity than an analogous dienone. DFT calculations (IEFPCM/PBE0/DGDZVP level of theory) on the selectivity-determining step are in full agreement (including accurate quantification of regioisomer ratios within the computational error) with the enhanced activity and selectivity of the dienesulfonyl fluorides. The origin of this enhancement was elucidated by QTAIM to most likely arise from higher electrostatic stabilization for the more polarizable dienesulfonyl fluoride due to the significant ionic character of the Rh-C_α/C_γ bond in the immediate nonconjugated 1,4-arylation product. The use of a C₁-sym. bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene carrying a bulky 2,6-dimethylphenyl ester residue resulted in moderate to good yields (32-64%) together with up to 98% ee for both d-aryl- and alkyl-substituted buta-1,3-diene sulfonyl fluorides. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Recommanded Product: 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Oil chain-length effect on wetting transitions in ternary water + oil + surfactant mixtures was written by Chen, Li-Jen;Chiu, Chun-Da;Shau, Fa-Shun;Cheng, Wen-Jia;Wu, Jyh-Gang. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry B in 2002.Formula: C10H22O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Tn the three-liquid-phase coexisting region of the system water + tetradecane + diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (C₆E₂), the middle surfactant-rich phase undergoes a sequence of wetting transitions comprising nonwetting → partial wetting → complete wetting at the interface of oil-rich and water-rich phases as the temperature is raised from its lower critical con-solute temperature toward its upper critical con-solute temperature In this study, the effect of oil chain length on the wetting transition in the system water + C₆E₂ + oil (dodecane, decane, and octane) s investigated by interfacial tension measurements. A sequence of wetting transitions, nonwetting → partial wetting → complete wetting, of the middle C₆E₂-rich phase is observed in all 3 systems while the system temperature increases. A decrease of the oil chain length in the system water + C₆E₂ + oil would make the three-liquid-phase body shrink and lead the system to approach a tricritical point. The effect of the system water + C₆E₂ + oil approaching its tricritical point on the wetting behavior of the middle C₆E₂-rich phase is discussed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Formula: C10H22O3).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Formula: C10H22O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Gold-Catalyzed Ascorbic Acid-Induced Arylative Carbocyclization of Alkynes with Aryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborates was written by Medina-Mercado, Ignacio;Colin-Molina, Abraham;Barquera-Lozada, Jose Enrique;Rodriguez-Molina, Braulio;Porcel, Susana. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2021.Synthetic Route of C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Herein, arylative carbocyclization of alkynes 2-R-4-R¹-C₆H₃XCH₂CCR² (X = O, S, NTs; R = H, I; R¹ = H, OMe, Br, Ph, etc.; R² = n-Bu, Ph, thiophen-2-yl, etc.) catalyzed by gold was described. In this process, Au(I) is oxidized to Au(III) with aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates R³C₆H₄N₂BF₄ (R³ = 4-NO₂, 3-CN, 4-C(O)OEt, etc.) following a photosensitizer-free and irradiation-free protocol. Ascorbic acid acts as a radical initiator, generating aryl radicals. According to DFT calculations, these radicals are added to Au(I), leading to a Au(II) species that is further oxidized to Au(III) with the assistance of a tetrafluoroborate anion. The overall arylative carbocyclization process is very energetically favorable, transforming arylpropargyl ethers into valuable 3,4-diaryl-2H-chromenes I in a completely regio- and stereoselective fashion. Furthermore, one of the synthesized 3,4-diaryl-2H-chromenes I exhibits polymorphism with marked differences in the color of its crystals, a property that could lead to the development of colored derivatives in the future. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Synthetic Route of C13H12O2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Synthetic Route of C13H12O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Gold-Catalyzed Ascorbic Acid-Induced Arylative Carbocyclization of Alkynes with Aryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborates was written by Medina-Mercado, Ignacio;Colin-Molina, Abraham;Barquera-Lozada, Jose Enrique;Rodriguez-Molina, Braulio;Porcel, Susana. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2021.Related Products of 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Herein, arylative carbocyclization of alkynes 2-R-4-R¹-C₆H₃XCH₂CCR² (X = O, S, NTs; R = H, I; R¹ = H, OMe, Br, Ph, etc.; R² = n-Bu, Ph, thiophen-2-yl, etc.) catalyzed by gold was described. In this process, Au(I) is oxidized to Au(III) with aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates R³C₆H₄N₂BF₄ (R³ = 4-NO₂, 3-CN, 4-C(O)OEt, etc.) following a photosensitizer-free and irradiation-free protocol. Ascorbic acid acts as a radical initiator, generating aryl radicals. According to DFT calculations, these radicals are added to Au(I), leading to a Au(II) species that is further oxidized to Au(III) with the assistance of a tetrafluoroborate anion. The overall arylative carbocyclization process is very energetically favorable, transforming arylpropargyl ethers into valuable 3,4-diaryl-2H-chromenes I in a completely regio- and stereoselective fashion. Furthermore, one of the synthesized 3,4-diaryl-2H-chromenes I exhibits polymorphism with marked differences in the color of its crystals, a property that could lead to the development of colored derivatives in the future. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Related Products of 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Related Products of 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Voltammetric behaviour of drug molecules as a predictor of metabolic liabilities was written by Fuchigami, Hikari;Bal, Mandeep K.;Brownson, Dale A. C.;Banks, Craig E.;Jones, Alan M.. And the article was included in Scientia Pharmaceutica in 2020.Related Products of 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Electron transfer plays a vital role in drug metabolism and underlying toxicity mechanisms. Currently, pharmaceutical research relies on pharmacokinetics (PK) and absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADMET) measurements to understand and predict drug reactions in the body. Metabolic stability (and toxicity) prediction in the early phases of the drug discovery and development process is key in identifying a suitable lead compound for optimization. Voltammetric methods have the potential to overcome the significant barrier of new drug failure rates, by giving insight into phase I metabolism events which can have a direct bearing on the stability and toxicity of the parent drug being dosed. Herein, we report for the first time a data-mining investigation into the voltammetric behavior of reported drug mols. and their correlation with metabolic stability (indirectly measured via t1/2), as a potential predictor of drug stability/toxicity in vivo. We observed an inverse relationship between oxidation potential and drug stability. Furthermore, we selected and prepared short- (<10 min) and longer-circulation (>2 h) drug mols. to prospectively survey the relationship between oxidation potential and stability. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Related Products of 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Related Products of 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Imide-based multielectron anolytes as high-performance materials in nonaqueous redox flow batteries was written by Daub, Nicolas;Janssen, Rene A. J.;Hendriks, Koen H.. And the article was included in ACS Applied Energy Materials in 2021.Recommanded Product: 109-85-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Recent developments toward high-energy-d. all-organic redox flow batteries suggest the advantageous use of mols. exhibiting multielectron redox events. Following this approach, organic anolytes are developed that feature multiple consecutive one-electron reductions These anolytes are based on N-methylphthalimide, which exhibits a single reversible reduction at a low potential with good cycling stability. Derivatives with two or three imide groups were synthesized to enable multielectron reduction events. By incorporating suitably designed side chains, a volumetric capacity of 65 Ah/L is achieved in electrolyte solutions Bulk-electrolysis experiments and UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy revealed good cycling stability for the first and second reduction of monoamides and diimides, resp., but a loss of stability for the third reduction of triimides. We identify N-2-pentyl-N’-2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethylaminepyromellitic diimide as a very promising multielectron anolyte with an excellent volumetric capacity and superior cycling and shelf-life stability compared to monoimides and triimides. The outstanding performance of this anolyte was demonstrated in proof-of-principle redox flow batteries that reach an energy d. of 24.1 Wh/L. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Recommanded Product: 109-85-3).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: 109-85-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Mutual Solubility and Lower Critical Solution Temperature for Water + Glycol Ether Systems was written by Christensen, Scott P.;Donate, Felipe A.;Frank, Timothy C.;LaTulip, Randy J.;Wilson, Loren C.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data in 2005.Quality Control of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Mutual solubility and the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) are reported for a number of water + ethylene glycol ether and water + propylene glycol ether systems near atm. pressure. For the systems studied, the LCST is in the range of -10° to 48°. Glycol ethers are unusual organic solvents in that they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic functionality and can hydrogen bond with water. Because of this, their interactions with water are complex and difficult to predict. The presence of an LCST is characteristic of hydrogen-bonding mixtures, and the value of the LCST reflects the relative magnitude of hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions in solution A higher LCST value is indicative of a glycol ether with greater hydrophilic character. For water + ethylene glycol ether mixtures, the glycol ether becomes increasingly hydrophilic (LCST increases) as the number of oxyalkylene repeating units increases. The opposite effect is seen for water + propylene glycol ether mixtures In this case, the glycol ether becomes more hydrophobic (LCST decreases) as the number of oxyalkylene repeating units increases. The results clearly demonstrate that water + glycol ether interactions are strong functions of both chem. structure and temperature This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Quality Control of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rapid biosynthesis of phenolic glycosides and their derivatives from biomass-derived hydroxycinnamates was written by Zhao, Mingtao;Hong, Xulin;Abdullah;Yao, Ruilian;Xiao, Yi. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Biomass-derived hydroxycinnamates (mainly including p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid), which are natural sources of aromatic compounds, are highly underutilized resources. There is a need to upgrade them to make them economically feasible. Value-added phenolic glycosides and their derivatives, both belonging to a class of plant aromatic natural products, are widely used in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. However, their complex aromatic structures make their efficient biosynthesis a challenging process. To overcome this issue, we created three novel synthetic cascades for the biosynthesis of phenolic glycosides (gastrodin, arbutin, and salidroside) and their derivatives (hydroquinone, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and homovanillyl alc.) from p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Moreover, because the biomass-derived hydroxycinnamates directly provided aromatic units, the cascades enabled efficient biosynthesis. We achieved substantially high production rates (up to or above 100-fold enhancement) relative to the glucose-based biosynthesis. Given the ubiquity of the aromatic structure in natural products, the use of biomass-derived aromatics should facilitate the rapid biosynthesis of numerous aromatic natural products. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.HPLC of Formula: 2380-78-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Selective radical cascade (4+2) annulation with olefins towards the synthesis of chroman derivatives via organo-photoredox catalysis was written by Guan, Zhipeng;Zhong, Xingxing;Ye, Yayu;Li, Xiangwei;Cong, Hengjiang;Yi, Hong;Zhang, Heng;Huang, Zhiliang;Lei, Aiwen. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Here a new (4 + 2) radical annulation approach for the construction of these functional six-membered frameworks I (R = ethoxycarbonyl, N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl, benzenesulfonyl, (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)carbonyl, etc.; R¹ = H, Me, methoxycarbonyl; R² = H, Me, OMe; R³ = H, F, Ph, 2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl, etc.; R²R³ = -CH=CH-CH=CH-; R⁴ = H, Me, OMe, CF₃; R⁵ = H, Me;) via photocatalysis was reported. Featuring mild reaction conditions, the protocol allows readily available N-hydroxyphthalimide esters II and electron-deficient olefins RCH=CHR¹ to be converted into a wide range of valuable chromans I in a highly selective manner. Moreover, the present strategy can be used in the late-stage functionalization of natural product derivatives and biol. active compounds, which demonstrated the potential application. This method is complementary to the traditional Diels-Alder [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of ortho-quinone methides II and electron-rich dienophiles, since electron-deficient dienophiles were smoothly transformed into the desired chromans I. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem