Month: November 2022

Streptochlorin analogues as potential antifungal agents: Design, synthesis, antifungal activity and molecular docking study was written by Gao, Ya;Huang, Dai-Chuan;Liu, Chang;Song, Zi-Long;Liu, Jing-Rui;Guo, Shu-Ke;Tan, Jun-Yang;Qiu, Run-Ling;Jin, Bing;Zhang, Haifeng;Mulholland, Nick;Han, Xinya;Xia, Qinfei;Ali, Abdallah S.;Guo, Dale;Deng, Yun;Gu, Yu-Cheng;Zhang, Ming-Zhi. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Streptochlorin is a small mol. of indole alkaloid isolated from marine Streptomyces sp., it is a promising lead compound due to its potent bioactivity in preventing many phytopathogens in our previous study, but further structural modifications are required to improve its antifungal activity. Our work in this paper focused on the replacement of oxazole ring in streptochlorin with the imidazole ring, to discover novel analogs. Based on this design strategy, three series of streptochlorin analogs were efficiently synthesized through sequential Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, Van Leusen imidazole synthesis and halogenation reaction. Some of the analogs displayed excellent activity in the primary assay, and this is highlighted by compounds I and II, the growth inhibition against Alternaria Leaf Spot and Rhizoctorzia solani under 50μg/mL are 97.5% and 90.3%, resp., even more active than those of streptochlorin, pimprinine and Osthole. Mol. docking models indicated that streptochlorin binds with Thermus thermophiles Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase in a similar mode to AN2690, offering a perspective on the mode of action study for antifungal activities of streptochlorin derivatives Further study is still ongoing with the aim of discovering synthetic analogs, with improved antifungal activity and clear mode of action. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Phosphorus-Based Organocatalysis for the Dehydrative Cyclization of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)amides into 2-Oxazolines was written by Soleymani Movahed, Farzaneh;Foo, Siong Wan;Mori, Shogo;Ogawa, Saeko;Saito, Susumu. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 2-Methoxyethylamine The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A metal-free, biomimetic catalytic protocol for the cyclization of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amides to the corresponding 2-oxazolines (4,5-dihydrooxazoles), promoted by the 1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphorine (TAP)-derived organocatalyst tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene was developed. This approach required less precatalyst compared to the reported relevant systems, with respect to the phosphorus atom (the maximum turnover number (TON) ~30), and exhibited a broader substrate scope and higher functional-group tolerance, providing the functionalized 2-oxazolines with retention of the configuration at the C(4) stereogenic center of the 2-oxazolines. Widely accessible β-amino alcs. was used in this approach and the cyclization of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amides provided the desired 2-oxazolines in up to 99% yield. The mechanism of the reaction was studied by monitoring the reaction using spectral and anal. methods, whereby an ¹⁸O-labeling experiment furnished valuable insights. The initial step involved a stoichiometric reaction between the substrate and tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene, which lead to the in-situ generation of the catalyst, a catechol cyclic phosphate, as well as to a pyrocatechol phosphate and two possible active intermediates. The dehydrative cyclization was also successfully conducted on the gram scale. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Quality Control of 2-Methoxyethylamine).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Quality Control of 2-Methoxyethylamine

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Efficient Utilization and Conversion of Whole Components in Waste Biomass with One-Pot-Oriented Liquefaction was written by Feng, Junfeng;Tong, Le;Zhu, Yanqi;Jiang, Jianchun;Hse, Chungyun;Pan, Hui. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2019.Computed Properties of C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A simple oriented liquefaction with microwave assistance was introduced to produce phenolic compounds and cellulose nanofibers from the comprehensive utilization of biomass. Effects of process parameters on the yield and composition of liquefied straw products were investigated. Liquefied products was separated into liquid and solid products. The highest phenolics content (72.87%) in liquid products was achieved; the yield of nanofibers from liquefied solid products was 47.43 wt %. With stepwise extraction, phenolics with nice reactivity were largely separated into three fractions. They were mainly composed of phenolic compounds and aromatic derivatives and had good solubility in organic solvents. After a chem.-purified treatment, solid products containing highly crystalline cellulose were converted into nanofibers with good application. These simple processes achieve a comprehensive use of liquefied products to various synthetical directions based on different mol. structures and chem. solubility Directional liquefaction was significantly effective to produce renewable phenolics and nanofibers and realizes the integrated valorization of whole components in waste biomass. Oriented liquefaction with microwave assistance to produce phenolic compounds and cellulose nanofibers from the comprehensive utilization of biomass is discussed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Computed Properties of C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Computed Properties of C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Influence of Diet-Induced Obesity on the Bioavailability and Metabolism of Raspberry Ketone (4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-Butanone) in Mice was written by Zhao, Danyue;Yuan, Bo;Kshatriya, Dushyant;Polyak, Andrew;Simon, James E.;Bello, Nicholas T.;Wu, Qingli. And the article was included in Molecular Nutrition & Food Research in 2020.Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Raspberry ketone (RK) is the primary aroma compound in red raspberries and a dietary supplement for weight loss. This work aims to (1) compare RK bioavailability in male vs. female, normal-weight vs. obese mice; (2) characterize RK metabolic pathways. Study 1: C57BL/6J male and female mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD; 10% fat) receive a single oral gavage dose of RK (200 mg kg^-1). Blood, brain, and white adipose tissue (WAT) are collected over 12 h. Study 2: Male mice are fed a LFD or high-fat diet (45% fat) for 8 wk before RK dosing. Samples collected are analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS for RK and its metabolites. RK is rapidly absorbed (T_max ≈ 15 min), and bioconverted into diverse metabolites in mice. Total bioavailability (AUC_0-12h) is slightly lower in females than males (566 vs 675 nmol mL^-1 min^-1). Total bioavailability in obese mice is almost doubled that of control mice (1197 vs 679 nmol mL^-1 min^-1), while peaking times and elimination half-lives are delayed. Higher levels of RK and major metabolites are found in WAT of the obese than normal-weight animals. RK is highly bioavailable, rapidly metabolized, and exhibits significantly different pharmacokinetic behaviors between obese and control mice. Lipid-rich tissues, especially WAT, can be a direct target of RK. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Sustainable Process for the Depolymerization/oxidation of softwood and hardwood kraft lignins using hydrogen peroxide under ambient conditions was written by Ahmad, Zaid;Al Dajani, Waleed Wafa;Paleologou, Michael;Xu, Chunbao Charles. And the article was included in Molecules in 2020.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The present study demonstrated a sustainable and cost-effective approach to depolymerize/oxidize softwood (SW) and hardwood (HW) kraft lignins using concentrated hydrogen peroxide at temperatures ranging from 25 to 35°C, in the absence of catalysts or organic solvents. The degree of lignin depolymerization could be simply controlled by reaction time, and no further separation process was needed at the completion of the treatment. The obtained depolymerized lignin products were comprehensively characterized by GPC-UV, FTIR, ³¹P-NMR, TGA, Py-GC/MS and elemental anal. The weight-average mol. weights (M_w) of the depolymerized lignins obtained from SW or HW lignin at a lignin/H₂O₂ mass ratio of 1:1 after treatment for 120 h at room temperature (≈25°C) were approx. 1420 Da. The contents of carboxylic acid groups in the obtained depolymerized lignins were found to significantly increase compared with those of the untreated raw lignins. Moreover, the depolymerized lignin products had lower thermal decomposition temperatures than those of the raw lignins, as expected, owing to the greatly reduced M_w. These findings represent a novel solution to lignin depolymerization for the production of chems. that can be utilized as a bio-substitute for petroleum-based polyols in polyurethane production This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Facile Fabrication of Oxidation-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Effective Anticancer Drug Delivery was written by Huang, Yamei;Chen, Qiubing;Ma, Panpan;Song, Heliang;Ma, Xiaoqian;Ma, Ya;Zhou, Xin;Gou, Shuangquan;Xu, Zhigang;Chen, Jiucun;Xiao, Bo. And the article was included in Molecular Pharmaceutics in 2019.Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly overproduced in cancerous tissues, and thus oxidation-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising drug carrier for cancer-targeted drug delivery. In this study, we successfully synthesized poly(vanillyl alc.-co-oxalate) (PVAX) polymer with an excellent ROS-responsive capacity. A well-established emulsion-solvent evaporation method was used to fabricate PVAX-based curcumin (CUR)-loaded NPs (PVAX-NPs) and their counterparts (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based CUR-loaded NPs, PLGA-NPs). It was found that these NPs had a hydrodynamic particle size of approx. 245 nm, narrow size distribution (polydispersity index less than 0.1), neg. zeta potential (around -18 mV), smooth surface appearance, and high drug encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, we found that the CUR release rate of PVAX-NPs was greatly increased in the presence of a hydrogen peroxide-rich environment due to the cleavage of polyoxalate ester bonds in PVAX polymer, resulting in the evenly distribution of CUR within the whole cancer cells. More importantly, PVAX-NPs exhibited much stronger anticancer activities and pro-apoptotic capacities than PLGA-NPs both in vitro and in vivo. These results clearly demonstrate that these ROS-responsive PVAX-NPs can be exploited as a robust anticancer drug delivery platform in chemotherapy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Formula: C9H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Mixed micellar aggregates of nonionic surfactants with short hydrophobic trails was written by D’Errico, Geraldino;Ciccarelli, Donato;Ortona, Ornella;Vitagliano, Vincenzo. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2002.Reference of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Mixed micelle formation by aqueous mixtures of pentaethylene glycol monohexyl ether (C₆E₅) and diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (C₆E₂) has been investigated by determining the temperature-composition phase diagrams and measuring the intradiffusion coefficients In binary aqueous solutions, C₆E₅ shows a high tendency to micellize, while C₆E₂, because of its too short hydrophilic head, presents a macroscopic phase separation in a water-rich and a surfactant-rich phases. The temperature-composition phase diagrams obtained for the ternary water-C₆E₅-C₆E₂ mixtures present a micellar region in which both surfactants co-aggregate. The dimensions of this micellar region depend on the relative ratio between the two surfactants molalities. By analyzing the micelle intradiffusion coefficient, measured through the PGSE-NMR technique, the hydrodynamic radius of the aggregates has been estimated at 25 °C. It is similar to that of triethylene glycol monohexyl ether (C₆E₃) in binary aqueous solution The exptl. evidences suggest that in mixed ethoxylated surfactants the micellar behavior is mainly determined by the mean number of ethoxylic units per surfactant mol., independently of their distribution. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Reference of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Reference of 112-59-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Chemical structure of semiochemicals and key binding sites together determine the olfactory functional modes of odorant-binding protein 2 in Eastern honey bee, Apis cerana was written by Li, Hong-Liang;Song, Xin-Mi;Wu, Fan;Qiu, Yi-Lei;Fu, Xiao-Bin;Zhang, Lin-Ya;Tan, Jing. And the article was included in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2020.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Insects can exhibit flexible olfaction that is sensitive to complex natural chem. environments. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in insects’ antennal chemosensilla can act as transporters of plant volatiles and pheromones across the sensillar lymph. Although the physiol. functions of OBPs have been widely reported, it is still unclear how OBP binds to ligands with various structures in detail. Here, we further investigated the ligand-binding modes and characteristics of AcerOBP2 from the Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana). The results showed that, as a specific protein distributed below the base of chemosensilla on the antennal surface, AcerOBP2 was strongly bound with the candidate floral volatiles and bee pheromones. By docking anal. and site-directed mutagenesis, four different binding modes were found in the five AcerOBP2 mutants between six ligands. Two key amino acids, Ser123 and Lys51, play a key role in AcerOBP2 binding to odors, depending on the presence or absence of hydrogen bonds. In addition, the binding modes depend on their chem. structures and the binding poses of the diverse ligands. These results not only further prompted the functional basis of the relationship between the chem. structures of odorants and bee OBPs, but also revealed the complexity of the flexible behavioral modes of odor binding in insect olfactory systems. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Interaction of bisdemethoxycurcumin with sodium dodecyl sarcosine + Tween 20/Tween 60 mixed surfactants: Insights from multispectral analysis and solubilization effect was written by Weng, Tianxin;Wang, Lu;Liu, Yinglin;Zhang, Xinpeng;Wu, Yushu;Zhang, Yongfang;Han, Jun;Liu, Min. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2022.Related Products of 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The low aqueous solubility of curcuminoids, including bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), severely limits their applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This improvement is expected to be achieved by encapsulating them with mixed surfactant micellar systems. In this study, the interaction of BDMC with sodium dodecyl sarcosine (SDDS) + Tween 20/Tween 60 mixed micelles was studied at the mol. level. The molar ratio of Tween 20/Tween 60 to SDDS in the mixed micelles was optimized using response surface methodol. The binding parameters of BDMC to the mixed micelles were determined by fluorescence and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Thermodn. anal. showed that the hydrophobic interaction was dominant in the binding process. The longer hydrophobic chain of Tween 60 was responsible for the stronger interaction of BDMC with SDDS + Tween 60. The binding site of BDMC in the hydrophobic alkyl chains of the mixed micelles was analyzed by copper ion fluorescence quenching anal., fluorescence polarization anal., ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The solubility of BDMC in the mixed micelles was enhanced and SDDS + Tween 60 had more significant solubilization capacity. Therefore, the mixed micellar systems may provide a feasible solution for the application of BDMC in functional food and medicine fields. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Related Products of 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Related Products of 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Kinetics of the M-intermediate in the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin upon chemical modification with surfactants was written by Chu, Li-Kang;El-Sayed, Mostafa A.. And the article was included in Photochemistry and Photobiology in 2010.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The spectroscopic and kinetic studies of the interaction between bacteriorhodopsin in the M-intermediate and several surfactants (cetyl tri-Me ammonium bromide, dodecyl tri-Me ammonium bromide, diethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether, sodium 1-decanesulfonate and sodium 1-heptanesulfonate) have been investigated using steady-state UV-VIS spectrometry and time-resolved absorption techniques. The steady-state spectral results show that bR retains its trimeric state. Time-resolved observations indicate that the rate of deprotonation of the protonated Schiff base increases in the presence of the cationic surfactants, whereas insignificant changes are observed in the neutral or anionic surfactants. The rate of the reprotonation of the Schiff base in the transition M → N is accelerated in anionic and neutral surfactants, but is decelerated in the presence of the cationic surfactants. Surfactants with a longer hydrocarbon tail have a greater effect on the kinetics when compared with surfactants having shorter hydrocarbon tails. The opposite effect is observed when the hydrophilic head of the surfactants contains opposite charges. These distinct kinetics are discussed in terms of the difference in the modified surface hydrophilicity of the bR and the possible protein configurational changes upon surfactant treatments. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem