Month: November 2022

Low-surfactant microemulsion, a smart strategy intended for curcumin oral delivery was written by Dourado, Douglas;Oliveira, Matheus Cardoso de;Araujo, Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de;Amaral-Machado, Lucas;Porto, Dayanne Lopes;Aragao, Cicero Flavio Soares;Alencar, Everton do Nascimento;Egito, Eryvaldo Socrates Tabosa do. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2022.Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study aimed to develop a low surfactant concentration curcumin-loaded microemulsion (Curc-ME) having a gastrointestinal pH resistance, intended to prospect its oral use for further curcumin release. The effect of excipients on the apparent solubility of curcumin was assessed and a pseudo ternary phase diagram was designed to produce a low-surfactant microemulsion (ME) system. Curcumin was incorporated into the ME (Curc-ME), and the system was further physicochem. and phys. characterized. The entrapment efficiency (EE) was determined by UHPLC. The systems′ stability under storage, and its stability and curcumin release in simulated gastrointestinal fluids (SGIF) were evaluated. The excipients of the ME improved curcumin′s apparent solubility Curc-ME, stabilized with 15% of surfactants, displayed spherical droplets (sized of 21.81 ± 0.20 nm), polydispersity index of 0.07 ± 0.01, viscosity of 5.33 x 10-3 ± 0.01 Pa.s, conductivity of 160 ± 3 μS cm-1, surface tension of 40.37 ± 0.48 dynes/cm and EE of 98 ± 0.73%. Thermal analyses confirmed curcumin entrapment in the core of the system. The system remained stable over 90 days under storage and under SGIF conditions. Curc-ME revealed a modified and complex kinetics release of curcumin in the SGIF. Overall, the results demonstrate that Curc-ME increased the solubility of curcumin, was produced with a remarkable low surfactant concentration, and showed stability and modified curcumin release at the gastrointestinal tract pHs. Therefore, Curc-ME revealed to be a promising candidate to be further explored as a therapeutic agent. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin

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Ether – Wikipedia,
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Interaction of bisdemethoxycurcumin with cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium) + nonionic (Tween 20/Tween 60) mixed surfactants: Thermodynamic study and functional improvement was written by Wang, Lu;Liu, YingLin;Weng, Tianxin;Li, Xinyu;Wu, Yushu;Zhao, Yanna;Liu, Jie;Liu, Min. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics in 2022.Quality Control of Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), one of the main curcuminoids, has numerous biol. activities. However, the low solubility and stability of BDMC limit its application. In this work, in order to improve the solubility and stability of BDMC, we encapsulated BDMC using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) + Tween 20/Tween 60 mixed surfactants. The molar ratio of CTAB to Tween 20/Tween 60 was optimized by response surface anal. The thermodn. parameters (binding constant, enthalpy change, entropy change and Gibbs free energy change) for the interaction of BDMC with CTAB + Tween 20/Tween 60 mixed micelles were obtained by fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. Pos. enthalpy change and entropy change indicated that hydrophobic interaction was the main driving force. Moreover, due to the longer alkyl chains of Tween 60, the encapsulation of BDMC by CTAB + Tween 60 mixed micelles was stronger. The encapsulation of BDMC in the hydrophobic alkyl chains by the mixed micelles was determined by fluorescence polarization technol., time-resolved fluorescence assay, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Solubilization and stability experiments showed that the solubility of BDMC was improved and the alk. hydrolysis of BDMC was inhibited due to the encapsulation of the mixed micelles. The improvement of the solubility and stability of BDMC was more obvious in CTAB + Tween 60 mixed micelles because of the stronger interaction between them. The above results indicated that CTAB + Tween 20/Tween 60 mixed micelles could be used to encapsulate BDMC to improve its solubility and stability. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Quality Control of Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Quality Control of Bisdemethoxycurcumin

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Toxicity evaluation of olive oil mill wastewater and its polar fraction using multiple whole-organism bioassays was written by Babic, Sanja;Malev, Olga;Pflieger, Maryline;Lebedev, Albert T.;Mazur, Dmitry M.;Kuzic, Anita;Coz-Rakovac, Rozelindra;Trebse, Polonca. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2019.Synthetic Route of C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) as a byproduct of olive oil extraction process has significant polluting properties mainly related to high organic load, increased COD/BOD ratio, high phenolic content and relatively acidic pH. Raw OMW from Slovenian Istria olive oil mill and its polar fraction were investigated in this study. Chem. characterization of OMW polar fraction identified tyrosol as the most abundant phenolic product, followed by catechol. Lethal and sub-lethal effects of OMW matrix and its polar fraction were tested using a battery of bioassays with model organisms: bacteria Vibrio fischeri, algae Chlorella vulgaris, water fleas Daphnia magna, zebrafish Danio rerio embryos, clover Trifolium repens and wheat Triticum aestivum. Raw OMW sample was the most toxic to V. fischeri (EC₅₀ = 0.24% of OMW sample final concentration), followed by D. magna (EC₅₀ = 1.43%), C. vulgaris (EC₅₀ = 5.20%), D. rerio (EC₅₀ = 7.05%), seeds T. repens (EC₅₀ = 8.68%) and T. aestivum (EC₅₀ = 11.58%). Similar toxicity trend was observed during exposure to OMW polar fraction, showing EC₅₀ values 2.75-4.11 times lower comparing to raw OMW. Tested samples induced also sub-acute effects to clover and wheat (decreased roots, sprouts elongation); and to zebrafish embryos (increased mortality, higher abnormality rate, decreased hatching and pigmentation formation rate). A comprehensive approach using a battery of bioassays, like those used in this study should be applied during ecotoxicity monitoring of untreated and treated OMW. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Synthetic Route of C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Synthetic Route of C9H12O3

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Optimization and kinetic study of ultrasound assisted deep eutectic solvent based extraction: A greener route for extraction of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa was written by Patil, Sujata S.;Pathak, Ajay;Rathod, Virendra K.. And the article was included in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry in 2021.Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a new extraction medium is a step towards the development of green and sustainable technol. In the present study, nine DESs based on choline chloride acids, alcs., and sugar were screened to study the extraction of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. Choline chloride and lactic acid DES at 1:1 M ratio gave the maximum extent of extraction Further, DES based extraction was intensified using ultrasound. The impact of various process parameters such as% (volume/volume) water in DES,% (w/v) solid loading, particle size, ultrasound power intensity, and pulse mode operation of ultrasound was studied. The maximum curcuminoids yield of 77.13 mg/g was achieved using ultrasound assisted DES (UA-DES) based extraction in 20% water content DES at 5% solid loading and 0.355 mm particle size with 70.8 W/cm² power intensity and 60% (6 s ON and 4 s OFF) duty cycle at 30 ± 2°C in 20 min of irradiation time. Kinetics of UA-DES extraction was explained using Peleg’s model and concluded that it is compatible with the exptl. data. Addnl., anti-solvent (water) precipitation technique was applied, which resulted in 41.97% recovery of curcuminoids with 82.22% purity from UA-DES extract in 8 h of incubation at 0°C. The comparison was made between conventional Soxhlet, batch, DES and UA-DES based processes on the basis of yield, time, solvent requirement, temperature, energy consumption, and process cost. The developed UA-DES based extraction can be an efficient, cost effective, and green alternative to conventional solvent extraction for curcuminoids. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Conjugated Metabolites of Hydroxytyrosol and Tyrosol Contribute to the Maintenance of Nitric Oxide Balance in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells at Physiologically Relevant Concentrations was written by Serreli, Gabriele;Le Sayec, Melanie;Diotallevi, Camilla;Teissier, Alice;Deiana, Monica;Corona, Giulia. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling mol. involved in many pathophysiol. processes. NO mediates vasodilation and blood flow in the arteries, and its action contributes to maintaining vascular homeostasis by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction and growth, platelet aggregation, and leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Dietary antioxidants and their metabolites have been found to be directly and/or indirectly involved in the modulation of the intracellular signals that lead to the production of NO. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of conjugated metabolites of hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (TYR) to the release of NO at the vascular level, and the related mechanism of action, in comparison to their parental forms. Experiments were performed in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) to evaluate the superoxide production, the release of NO and production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), the activation of serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (Akt1), and the activation state of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). It was observed that the tested phenolic compounds enhanced NO and cGMP concentration, inhibiting its depletion caused by superoxide overproduction Moreover, some of them enhanced the activation of Akt (TYR, HT metabolites) and eNOS (HT, HVA, TYR-S, HT-3S). Overall, the obtained data showed that these compounds promote NO production and availability, suggesting that HT and TYR conjugated metabolites may contribute to the effects of parental extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenolics in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Application In Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Metabolic profiling of serum from dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism was written by Munoz-Prieto, Alberto;Rubic, Ivana;Horvatic, Anita;Rafaj, Renata Baric;Ceron, Jose Joaquin;Tvarijonaviciute, Asta;Mrljak, Vladimir. And the article was included in Research in Veterinary Science in 2021.Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in dogs characterized by excessive cortisol production caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting tumor, namely pituitary-dependent HAC (PDH) or cortisol-secreting adrenal tumor. Metabolomics presents the ability to identify small mol. metabolites. Thus, the use of metabolomics techniques in canine PDH can provide information about the pathophysiol. and metabolic changes in this disease. This study aimed to identify and compare differences in serum metabolites between dogs with PDH and healthy dogs. The metabolomic profile of 20 dogs diagnosed with PDH was compared with 20 healthy dogs using liquid chromatog./mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and metabolite discrimination was performed using partial least squares-discriminant anal. (PLS-DA), the variable important in projection (VIP) and fold changes (FC) group-wise comparisons. The hypergeometric test identified the significantly altered pathways. A total of 21 metabolites were found to be significantly different between the two groups. The major alterations were found in arachidonic and decanoic acid, and phospholipids related to phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). These metabolites are related to insulin resistance and other complications (i.e. hypertension). Our results indicate that PDH produces changes in serum metabolites of dogs, and the knowledge of these changes can aid to better understanding of pathophysiol. processes involved and contribute to potentially detect new biomarkers for this disease. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Experimental evidence and mechanism of action of some popular neuro-nutraceutical herbs was written by Kumar, Ashish;Konar, Arpita;Garg, Sukant;Kaul, Sunil C.;Wadhwa, Renu. And the article was included in Neurochemistry International in 2021.Reference of 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A review. Brain and neuronal circuits constitute the most complex organ networks in human body. They not only control and coordinate functions of all other organs, but also represent one of the most-affected systems with stress, lifestyle and age. With global increase in aging populations, these neuropathologies have emerged as major concern for maintaining quality of life. Recent era has witnessed a surge in nutritional remediation of brain dysfunctions primarily by “nutraceuticals” that refer to functional foods and supplements with pharmacol. potential. Specific dietary patterns with a balanced intake of carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins and micronutrients have also been ascertained to promote brain health. Dietary herbs and their phytochems. with wide range of biol. and pharmacol. activities and minimal adverse effects have gained remarkable attention as neuro-nutraceuticals. Neuro-nutraceutical potentials of herbs are often expressed as effects on cognitive response, circadian rhythm, neuromodulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that are mediated by effects on gene expression, epigenetics, protein synthesis along with their turnover and metabolic pathways. Epidemiol. and exptl. evidence have implicated enormous applications of herbal supplementation in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. The present review highlights the identification, exptl. evidence and applications of some herbs including Bacopa monniera, Withania somnifera, Curcuma longa, Helicteres angustifolia, Undaria pinnatifida, Haematococcus pluvialis, and Vitis vinifera, as neuro-nutraceuticals. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Reference of 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Reference of 33171-05-0

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Electrospray Ionization with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Lignomics: Lignin Mass Spectrum Deconvolution was written by Andrianova, Anastasia A.;Di Prospero, Thomas;Geib, Clayton;Smoliakova, Irina P.;Kozliak, Evguenii I.;Kubatova, Alena. And the article was included in Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry in 2018.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The capability to characterize lignin, lignocellulose, and their degradation products is essential for the development of new renewable feedstocks. Electrospray ionization high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-HR TOF-MS) method was developed expanding the lignomics toolkit while targeting the simultaneous detection of low and high mol. weight (MW) lignin species. The effect of a broad range of electrolytes and various ionization conditions on ion formation and ionization effectiveness was studied using a suite of mono-, di-, and triarene lignin model compounds as well as kraft alkali lignin. Contrary to the previous studies, the pos. ionization mode is more effective for methoxy-substituted arenes and polyphenols, i.e., species of a broadly varied MW structurally similar to the native lignin. For the first time, the authors report an effective formation of multiply charged species of lignin with the subsequent mass spectrum deconvolution in the presence of 100 mmol L^-1 formic acid in the pos. ESI mode. The developed method enabled the detection of lignin species with an MW between 150 and 9000 Da or higher, depending on the mass analyzer. The obtained M_n and M_w values of 1500 and 2500 Da, resp., were in good agreement with those determined by gel permeation chromatog. Furthermore, the deconvoluted ESI mass spectrum was similar to that obtained with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-HR TOF-MS, yet featuring a higher signal-to-noise ratio. The formation of multiply charged species was confirmed with ion mobility ESI-HR Q-TOF-MS. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Novel Coumarin Containing Dithiocarbamate Derivatives as Potent α-Glucosidase Inhibitors for Management of Type 2 Diabetes was written by Mollazadeh, Marjan;Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, Maryam;Valizadeh, Yousef;Zonouzi, Afsaneh;Faramarzi, Mohammad A.;Kiani, Mitra;Biglar, Mahmood;Larijani, Bagher;Hamedifar, Haleh;Mahdavi, Mohammad;Hajimiri, Mir Hamed. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry (Sharjah, United Arab Emirates) in 2021.Product Details of 109-85-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

α-Glucosidase is a hydrolyzing enzyme that plays a crucial role in the degradation of carbohydrates and starch to glucose. Hence, α-glucosidase is an important target in carbohydrate mediated diseases such as diabetes mellitus. In this study, novel coumarin containing dithiocarbamate derivatives 4a-n were synthesized and evaluated against α-glucosidase in vitro and in silico. These compounds were obtained from the reaction between 4-(bromomethyl)-7-methoxy-2H-chromen-2-one 1, carbon disulfide 2, and primary or secondary amines 3a-n in the presence of potassium hydroxide and ethanol at room temperature In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition and kinetic study of these compounds were performed. Furthermore, a docking study of the most potent compounds was also performed by Auto Dock Tools (version 1.5.6). Obtained results showed that all the synthesized compounds exhibited prominent inhibitory activities (IC₅₀ = 85.0 ± 4.0-566.6 ± 8.6 μM) in comparison to acarbose as a standard inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 750.0 ± 9.0 μM). Among them, the secondary amine derivative 4d with pendant indole group was the most potent inhibitor. Enzyme kinetic study of the compound 4d revealed that this compound competes with a substrate to connect to the active site of α-glucosidase and therefore is a competitive inhibitor. Moreover, a mol. docking study predicted that this compound interacted with the α-glucosidase active site pocket. Our results suggest that the coumarin-dithiocarbamate scaffold can be a promising lead structure for designing potent α-glucosidase inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Product Details of 109-85-3).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Product Details of 109-85-3

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Superior Bioavailability of a Novel Curcumin Formulation in Healthy Humans Under Fasting Conditions was written by Kothaplly, Sudhakar;Alukapally, Shankar;Nagula, Nagaraju;Maddela, Rambabu. And the article was included in Advances in Therapy in 2022.Electric Literature of C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Despite its broad range of biol. activities, use of curcumin is limited because of poor bioavailability. Here we report a novel curcumin formulation, Curcuwin Ultra+ (CU+), with superior bioavailability as compared to 95% turmeric extract (TUR 1800). A randomized, double-blind, three-treatment, crossover oral bioavailability study was conducted in 24 healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Subjects received a single dose of CU+ 250 mg, 500 mg and 1900 mg of TUR1800 as per randomization schedule and blood samples were collected at 4 h and 0 h before dosing, and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 h post dose. Total curcuminoids were measured as curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and tetrahydrocurcumin using a validated LC-MS/MS method. CU+ achieved a significantly higher (p < 0.05) maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and total systemic exposure (AUC0-6 and AUC0-12) for total curcuminoids as compared to TUR 1800. We observed 101 and 100 times higher Cmax resp. for 250 and 500 mg doses of CU+ as compared to 1900 mg of TUR1800. Similarly, AUC0-6 was 144 and 149 times higher whereas AUC0-12 was 99 and 113 times higher resp. for 250 and 500 mg doses of CU+ as compared to 1900 mg dose of TUR1800. Further, CU+ showed 40% faster absorption (p < 0.05). No safety issues were observed CU+, which is designed for increased absorption and protection of curcuminoids from intestinal degradation, demonstrated superior bioavailability as compared to TUR1800 at considerably smaller doses. Addnl. clin. studies will help to demonstrate the impact of its increased bioavailability on efficacy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Electric Literature of C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Electric Literature of C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem