Month: December 2022

Discovery of Potent and Selective RSK Inhibitors as Biological Probes was written by Jain, Rama;Mathur, Michelle;Lan, Jiong;Costales, Abran;Atallah, Gordana;Ramurthy, Savithri;Subramanian, Sharadha;Setti, Lina;Feucht, Paul;Warne, Bob;Doyle, Laura;Basham, Stephen;Jefferson, Anne B.;Lindvall, Mika;Appleton, Brent A.;Shafer, Cynthia M.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2015.Electric Literature of C7H5BrF2O This article mentions the following:

While the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family has been implicated in multiple tumor cell functions, the full understanding of this kinase family has been restricted by the lack of highly selective inhibitors. A bis-phenol pyrazole was identified from high-throughput screening as an inhibitor of the N-terminal kinase of RSK2. Structure-based drug design using crystallog., conformational anal., and scaffold morphing resulted in highly optimized difluorophenol pyridine inhibitors of the RSK kinase family as demonstrated cellularly by the inhibition of YB1 phosphorylation. These compounds provide for the first time in vitro tools with an improved selectivity and potency profile to examine the importance of RSK signaling in cancer cells and to fully evaluate RSK as a therapeutic target. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0Electric Literature of C7H5BrF2O).

4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Electric Literature of C7H5BrF2O

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bio-inspired lanthanum-ortho-quinone catalysis for aerobic alcohol oxidation: semi-quinone anionic radical as redox ligand was written by Zhang, Ruipu;Zhang, Runze;Jian, Ruijun;Zhang, Long;Zhang, Ming-Tian;Xia, Yu;Luo, Sanzhong. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Oxidation reactions are fundamental transformations in organic synthesis and chem. industry. With oxygen or air as terminal oxidant, aerobic oxidation catalysis provides the most sustainable and economic oxidation processes. Most aerobic oxidation catalysis employs redox metal as its active center. While nature provides non-redox metal strategy as in pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent methanol dehydrogenases (MDH), such an effective chem. version is unknown. Inspired by the recently discovered rare earth metal-dependent enzyme Ln-MDH (methanol dehydrogenases), this study shows that an open-shell semi-quinone anionic radical species in complexing with lanthanum could serve as a very efficient aerobic oxidation catalyst under ambient conditions. In this catalyst, the lanthanum(III) ion serves only as a Lewis acid promoter and the redox process occurs exclusively on the semiquinone ligand. The catalysis is initiated by 1e^–-reduction of lanthanum-activated ortho-quinone to a semiquinone-lanthanum complex La(SQ^-.)₂, which undergoes a coupled O-H/C-H (PCHT: proton coupled hydride transfer) dehydrogenation for aerobic oxidation of alcs. such as benzyl alc., 1,4-butane-diol, 1-(2-furyl)ethanol, etc. with up to 330 h^-1 TOF. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Application In Synthesis of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application In Synthesis of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

PdCl₂/CuCl₂/Bi(OTf)₃-promoted Construction of Sulfonyl Dibenzooxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and Arylnaphthalenes via Intramolecular Annulation of Sulfonyl o-Allylarylchromanones was written by Hsueh, Nai-Chen;Chang, Meng-Yang. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2020.Recommanded Product: 57179-35-8 This article mentions the following:

PdCl₂/CuCl₂/Bi(OTf)₃-promoted intramol. domino annulation of sulfonyl o-allylarylchromanones, e.g., I provides tetracyclic sulfonyl dibenzooxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes, e.g., II and bicyclic arylnaphthalenes, e.g., III with good to excellent yields in MeOH at room (25°C) and refluxing (65°C) temperature, resp. The starting sulfonyl o-allylarylchromanones, e.g., I can be easily obtained from the intermol. cyclocondensation of α-sulfonyl o-hydroxyacetophenones, e.g., 1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]ethanone and o-allylbenzaldehydes, e.g., 3,4-dimethoxy-2-allylbenzaldehyde. The uses of various catalysts and solvent systems are investigated herein for convenient transformation. A plausible mechanism is proposed and discussed. This protocol provides one-pot ring closure via carbon-carbon (C-C) bond formation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Recommanded Product: 57179-35-8).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: 57179-35-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ligand Free Palladium Catalyzed Synthesis of 3-Aryl/heteroaryl-4-Indolylmaleimide and its Antimicrobial Activity was written by Sharma, Deepak K.;Rajput, Vikrant S.;Singh, Samsher;Sharma, Rashmi;Khan, Inshad A.;Mukherjee, Debaraj. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2016.Reference of 156635-90-4 This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of indolylmaleimide derivatives I [R = Ph, 2-naphthalenyl, 5-benzo[d][1,3]dioxolyl, etc.] via ligand free palladium catalyzed Suzuki coupling of 3-bromo-1-methyl-4-indolylmaleimide with various aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids in good to excellent yields was developed. Synthesized compounds I were further screened for their antibacterial and antituberculosis activities. Results showed that Compounds I [R = 3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃] displayed significant min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 2.3 μM toward S. aureus and was also found to be bactericidal in nature with min. bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 4.6 μM. The selective index calculated for compounds I [R = 3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃] was 38.84 toward S. aureus. Compound I [R = 4-t-BuC₆H₄] was found to be active against M. tuberculosis and 3.5 times more efficacious than standard drug rifampicin against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-MT) strain. Cytotoxicity study of compounds I [R = 3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃, 4-t-BuC₆H₄] toward Human HepG2 normal cell line was also carried out, results showed that compound I [R = 3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃] was found to be non-toxic toward normal HepG2 human cell line. Encouraged by these preliminary results, these compounds I were further screened for their enzyme inhibition assay against shikimate kinase (MtSk), compounds I [R = 3-F₃CC₆H₄, 4-t-BuC₆H₄] were found to be active against MtSK and displayed IC₅₀ values 62.2±0.017 μM and 20.30 ± 0.012 μM, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-((4-Methoxybenzyl)oxy)phenyl)boronic acid (cas: 156635-90-4Reference of 156635-90-4).

(4-((4-Methoxybenzyl)oxy)phenyl)boronic acid (cas: 156635-90-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Reference of 156635-90-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Identification of minor secondary metabolites from the latex of Croton lechleri (Muell-Arg) and evaluation of their antioxidant activity was written by de Marino, Simona;Gala, Fulvio;Zollo, Franco;Vitalini, Sara;Fico, Gelsomina;Visioli, Francesco;Iorizzi, Maria. And the article was included in Molecules in 2008.Recommanded Product: 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

Dragon’s blood (Sangre de drago), a viscous red sap derived from Croton lechleri Muell-Arg (Euphorbiaceae), is extensively used by indigenous cultures of the Amazonian basin for its wound healing properties. The aim of this study was to identify the minor secondary metabolites and test the antioxidant activity of this substance. A bioguided fractionation of the n-hexane, chloroform, n-butanol, and aqueous extracts led to the isolation of 15 compounds: 3 megastigmanes, 4 flavanols, 3 phenylpropanoids, 3 lignans, a clerodane, and the alkaloid taspine. In addition to these known mols., 6 compounds were isolated and identified for the first time in the latex: blumenol B, blumenol C, 4,5-dihydroblumenol A, erythro-guaiacyl-glyceryl-β-O-4′-dihydroconiferyl either, 2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-propane-1,3-diol and floribundic acid glucoside. Combinations of spectroscopic methods (¹H-, ¹³C- NMR and 2D-NMR experiments), ESI-MS, and literature comparisons were used for compound identification. In vitro antioxidant activities were assessed by DPPH, total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation assays. Flavan-3-ols derivatives (as major phenolic compounds in the latex) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Recommanded Product: 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Pd-Catalyzed Intermolecular ortho-C-H Amidation of Anilides by N-Nosyloxycarbamate was written by Ng, Ka-Ho;Chan, Albert S. C.;Yu, Wing-Yiu. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2010.Recommanded Product: N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide This article mentions the following:

A palladium-catalyzed ortho-C-H amidation of anilides by N-nosyloxycarbamates was developed for the synthesis of 2-aminoanilines. This reaction can be carried out under relatively mild conditions and exhibits excellent regioselectivity and functional group tolerance. The amidation reaction is probably initiated by rate-limiting C-H cyclopalladation (k_H/k_D = 3.7) to form an arylpalladium complex, followed by nitrene functionalization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Recommanded Product: N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Recommanded Product: N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Solvent-, Silver-, and Acid-Free NHC-Au-X Catalyzed Hydration of Alkynes. The Pivotal Role of the Counterion was written by Gatto, Mattia;Belanzoni, Paola;Belpassi, Leonardo;Biasiolo, Luca;DelZotto, Alessandro;Tarantelli, Francesco;Zuccaccia, Daniele. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2016.SDS of cas: 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

NHC-Au-X (NHC = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene, X^– = BArF^–, BF₄^–, SbF₆^–, OTf^–, NTf₂^–, ClO₄^–, OTs^–, TFA^–) catalysts were tested in the hydration of alkynes. A complete rationalization of the counterion effect enabled us to develop a highly efficient methodol. under solvent-, silver-, and acid-free conditions. Thus, it was possible to use room or mild (60 °C) temperature and to reduce the catalyst loading up to 0.01 mol % with respect to the substrate, leading to high TON (10⁴) and TOF (10³ h^-1) values. The favorable catalytic conditions allowed us to reach very low E factor (0.03-0.06) and high EMY (94-97) values. Finally, the absence of solvent permits easy separation of the liquid product from solid catalyst and ionic additives by distillation, giving products with high purity that are uncontaminated by metals. This opens the way to catalyst recycling (up to four times) without loss of activity. The overall catalytic and kinetic evidence, supported by computational results, confirms that the anion plays a crucial role in all steps of the reaction mechanism: pre-equilibrium, nucleophilic attack, and protodeauration. As a matter of fact, only the two complexes bearing OTf^– and NTf₂^– counterions showed catalytic activity; all others are completely inactive. Protodeauration is the rate-determining step under these aprotic and apolar conditions, and in calculations, the first anion-mediated proton transfer takes place easily in one step, leading to a gold-enol complex. Different pathways were computationally explored for the conversion of gold-enol to ketone product by modeling different exptl. conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8SDS of cas: 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).SDS of cas: 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Enabling the biosynthesis of Antroquinonol in submerged fermentation of Antrodia camphorata was written by Hu, Yong-Dan;Zhang, Huan;Lu, Rui-Qiu;Liao, Xiang-Ru;Zhang, Bo-Bo;Xu, Gan-Rong. And the article was included in Biochemical Engineering Journal in 2014.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

In recent years, Antroquinonol has been considered as one of the most potent bioactive components in the medicinal mushroom Antrodia camphorata. However, Antroquinonol could not be produced via conventional submerged fermentation of A. camphorata. In this study, the biosynthesis of Antroquinonol was successfully enabled and stimulated in the submerged fermentation by the addition of its precursors including p-hydroxybenzoic acid, geraniol and coenzyme Q₀. Referred to their structures, they involve in the biosynthesis of the quinonoid nucleus and polyprenyl side chain of Antroquinonol, resp. Moreover, the appropriate concentration and addition time of these precursors were systematically studied. The maximum production of Antroquinonol could be achieved at 82.22 ± 0.49 mg/L with the multiple additions of coenzyme Q₀ and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. This study demonstrated the bioprocess regulation of Antroquinonol production, which will be of great significance for the scientific study of A. camphorata. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

QSAR analysis of the antiherpetic activity of macroheterocyclic compounds and their structural analogs was written by Artemenko, A. G.;Liahovskiy, A. V.;Muratov, E. N.;Basok, S. S.;Lozitsky, V. P.;Fedchuk, A. S.;Gridina, T. V.;Kuz’min, V. E.. And the article was included in Dopovidi Natsional’noi Akademii Nauk Ukraini in 2010.Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

The anal. of the structure-antiherpetic activity relationship for nitroqen-containing cyclic compounds with the usage of QSAR methods on the basis of the simplex representation of a mol. structure and the circular model has been carried out. Structural factors which are responsible for the antiherpetic activity realization are determined on the basis of the interpretation of the developed adequate models. Several highly active compounds have been designed on the basis of this information. The high antiherpetic activity for three of them is confirmed exptl. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Novel synthetic LPDs consisting of different cholesterol derivatives for gene transfer into hepatocytes was written by Lu, Jiao;Zhu, Di;Zhang, Zhi-Rong;Hai, Li;Wu, Yong;Sun, Xun. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Targeting in 2010.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

In the present study, LPDs composing of a series of novel synthetic cholesterylated derivatives bearing a cluster of galactose residues and different spacer lengths were prepared for performing target gene delivery to hepatocytes and their physiochem. properties as well as gene transfer efficiency were investigated. In agreement with the “clustering effect” known to occur with more complex oligomeric structures, the addition of galactose residues under optimized spatial arrangement condition invariably increased the transfect efficiency into hepatoma cells, which can be owed to the sufficient binding of galactose ligands to the ASGPR on hepatocytes. However, the gene transfer ability to hepatocytes was not always improved with extended spacer arms, suggesting a spatial binding sites arrangement of the receptor. Moreover, the authors’ research has established galactosylated LPDs, specifically, LPDIIb, LPDIIIc, and LPDIVe as potential vectors to deliver special genes into hepatocytes with low toxicity, combining the condensing effect of protamine and the targeting capability of cholesterylated thiogalactosides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6Recommanded Product: 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol).

2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem