Month: December 2022

Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reactions between N-Acylanilines and Benzamides Enabled by a Cp*-Free RhCl₃/TFA Catalytic System was written by Shi, Yang;Zhang, Luoqiang;Lan, Jingbo;Zhang, Min;Zhou, Fulin;Wei, Wenlong;You, Jingsong. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2018.Related Products of 56619-93-3 This article mentions the following:

By making use of a dual-chelation-assisted strategy, a completely regiocontrolled oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling reaction between an N-acylaniline and a benzamide has been accomplished for the first time. This process constitutes a step-economic and highly efficient pathway to 2-amino-2′-carboxybiaryl scaffolds from readily available substrates. A Cp*-free RhCl₃/TFA catalytic system was developed to replace the [Cp*RhCl₂]₂/AgSbF₆ system generally used in oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling reactions between two (hetero)arenes (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, TFA=trifluoroacetic acid). The RhCl₃/TFA system avoids the use of the expensive Cp* ligand and AgSbF₆. As an illustrative example, the procedure developed herein greatly streamlines the total synthesis of the naturally occurring benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid oxynitidine, which was accomplished in excellent overall yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Related Products of 56619-93-3).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Related Products of 56619-93-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Influence of Ether Solvent and Anion Coordination on Electrochemical Behavior in Calcium Battery Electrolytes was written by Hahn, Nathan T.;Driscoll, Darren M.;Yu, Zhou;Sterbinsky, George E.;Cheng, Lei;Balasubramanian, Mahalingam;Zavadil, Kevin R.. And the article was included in ACS Applied Energy Materials in 2020.Formula: C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

The emergence of magnesium and calcium batteries as potential beyond Li ion energy storage technologies has generated significant interest into the fundamental aspects of alk. earth metal cation coordination in multivalent electrolytes and the impact of coordination on application-critical electrolyte properties such as solubility, transport, and electrochem. stability. Understanding these details in calcium electrolytes is of immediate importance due to recent, unprecedented demonstrations of reversible calcium metal electrodeposition in a limited number of ethereal solvent-based systems. In this work, we provide insight connecting Ca²⁺ coordination tendencies to important calcium battery electrolyte properties. Our results demonstrate a clear solvent:Ca²⁺ coordination strength trend across a series of cyclic ether and linear glyme solvents that controls the extent of ion association in solutions of “weakly” coordinating salts. We apply understanding gained from these results to rationalize relative anion:Ca²⁺ coordination tendencies and attendant Ca²⁺ coordination structures using two oxidatively stable anions of particular interest for current battery electrolytes. Armed with this understanding of solvent and anion interactions with Ca²⁺, we demonstrate and interpret differences in electrochem. calcium deposition behavior across several electrolyte exemplars with varying solvent and anion coordination strengths. Our findings demonstrate that solvents exhibiting especially strong coordination to Ca²⁺, such as triglyme, can inhibit reversible calcium deposition despite effective elimination of anion:Ca²⁺ coordination while solvents exhibiting more modest coordination strength, such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, may enable deposition provided anion:Ca²⁺ coordination is substantially limited. These results reveal that the strength of coordination of both anion and solvent should be considered in the design of electrolytes for calcium batteries. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Formula: C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Formula: C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Salicylic Acid Derivatives Inhibit Oxalate Production in Mouse Hepatocytes with Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 was written by Moya-Garzon, Maria Dolores;Martin Higueras, Cristina;Penalver, Pablo;Romera, Manuela;Fernandes, Miguel X.;Franco-Montalban, Francisco;Gomez-Vidal, Jose A.;Salido, Eduardo;Diaz-Gavilan, Monica. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.HPLC of Formula: 156635-90-4 This article mentions the following:

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare life-threatening genetic disease related to glyoxylate metabolism and characterized by accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals. Current therapies involve hepatic and/or renal transplantation, procedures that have significant morbidity and mortality and require long-term immunosuppression. Thus, a pharmacol. treatment is urgently needed. We introduce here an unprecedented activity of salicylic acid derivatives as agents capable of decreasing oxalate output in hyperoxaluric hepatocytes at the low micromolar range, which means a potential use in the treatment of PH1. Though correlation of this phenotypic activity with glycolate oxidase (GO) inhibition is still to be verified, most of the salicylic acids described here are GO inhibitors with IC₅₀ values down to 3 μM. Binding mode of salicylic acids inside GO has been studied using in silico methods, and preliminary structure-activity relationships have been established. The drug-like structure and ease of synthesis of our compounds make them promising hits for structural optimization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-((4-Methoxybenzyl)oxy)phenyl)boronic acid (cas: 156635-90-4HPLC of Formula: 156635-90-4).

(4-((4-Methoxybenzyl)oxy)phenyl)boronic acid (cas: 156635-90-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.HPLC of Formula: 156635-90-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Mild Heterogeneous Palladium-Catalyzed Cleavage of β-O-4′-Ether Linkages of Lignin Model Compounds and Native Lignin in Air was written by Galkin, Maxim V.;Sawadjoon, Supaporn;Rohde, Volker;Dawange, Monali;Samec, Joseph S. M.. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2014.Product Details of 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

A mild and robust heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed C-O bond cleavage of 2-aryloxy-1-arylethanols using formic acid as reducing agent in air was developed. The cleaved products were isolated in 92-98% yield; and by slightly varying the reaction conditions, a ketone, an alc., or an alkane can be generated in near-quant. yield. This reaction is applicable to cleaving the β-O-4′-ether bond found in lignin polymers of different origin. The reaction was performed on a lignin polymer model to generate either the monomeric aryl ketone or alkane in a quant. yield. Moderate depolymerization was achieved with native lignin at similar reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies under kinetic control indicate that an initial palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenation of the alc. is followed by insertion of palladium to an enol equivalent A palladium-formato complex reductively cleaves the palladium-enolate complex to generate the ketone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Product Details of 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Product Details of 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Chromo-Fluorogenic Detection of Nerve-Agent Mimics Using Triggered Cyclization Reactions in Push-Pull Dyes was written by Costero, Ana M.;Parra, Margarita;Gil, Salvador;Gotor, Raul;Mancini, Pedro M. E.;Martinez-Manez, Ramon;Sancenon, Felix;Royo, Santiago. And the article was included in Chemistry – An Asian Journal in 2010.COA of Formula: C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

A family of azo and stilbene derivatives (1-9) are synthesized, and their chromo-fluorogenic behavior in the presence of nerve-agent simulants, diethylchlorophosphate (DCP), diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), and diethylcyanophosphate (DCNP) in acetonitrile and mixed solution of water/acetonitrile (3:1 volume/volume) buffered at pH 5.6 with MES, is investigated. The prepared compounds contain 2-(2-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)ethanol or 2-[(2-N,N-dimethylamino)phenoxy]ethanol reactive groups, which are part of the conjugated π-system of the dyes and are able to give acylation reactions with phosphonate substrates followed by a rapid intramol. N-alkylation. The nerve-agent mimic-triggered cyclization reaction transforms a dimethylamino group into a quaternary ammonium, inducing a change of the electronic properties of the delocalized systems that results in a hypsochromic shift of the absorption band of the dyes. Similar reactivity studies are also carried out with other “non-toxic” organophosphorus compounds, but no changes in the UV/Vis spectra were observed The emission behavior of the reagents in acetonitrile and water-acetonitrile 3:1 volume/volume mixtures is also studied in the presence of nerve-agent simulants and other organophosphorous derivatives The reactivity between 1-9 and DCP, DCNP, or DFP in buffered water-acetonitrile 3:1 volume/volume solutions under pseudo first-order kinetic conditions, using an excess of the corresponding simulant, are studied in order to determine the rate constants (k) and the half-life times (t_1/2 = ln2/k) for the reaction. The detection limits in water/acetonitrile 3:1 volume/volume are also determined for 1-9 and DCP, DCNP, and DFP. Finally, the chromogenic detection of nerve agent simulants both in solution and in gas phase are tested using silica gel containing adsorbed compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 with fine results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8COA of Formula: C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.COA of Formula: C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Thermal stability and structural studies on the mixtures of Mg(BH₄)₂ and glymes was written by Leick, Noemi;Tran, Ba L.;Bowden, Mark E.;Gennett, Thomas;Autrey, Tom. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2022.Electric Literature of C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

Coordination complexes of Mg(BH₄)₂ are of interest for energy storage, ranging from hydrogen storage in BH₄ to electrochem. storage in Mg based batteries. Understanding the stability of these complexes is crucial since storage materials are expected to undergo multiple charging and discharging cycles. To do so, we examined the thermal stabilities of the 1 : 1 mixtures of Mg(BH₄)₂ with different glymes by DSC-TGA, TPD-MS and powder XRD anal. Despite their structural similarities, these mixtures show diverse phase transitions, speciations and decomposition pathways as a function of linker length. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Electric Literature of C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Electric Literature of C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Non-Covalent Immobilization of Rare Earth Heterobimetallic Frameworks and their Reactivity in an Asymmetric Michael Addition was written by Robinson, Jerome R.;Yadav, Jagjit;Fan, Xinyuan;Stanton, Gretchen R.;Schelter, Eric J.;Pericas, Miquel A.;Walsh, Patrick J.. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2014.SDS of cas: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Nonracemic rare earth binaphthalenediolate sodium complexes were immobilized on Merrifield resin by complexation with pyridinyl, amino, cyclen-, and aza-crown-functionalized Merrifield resins; the supported complexes were tried as recyclable catalysts for the enantioselective Michael addition of dibenzyl malonate to 2-cyclohexen-1-one. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3SDS of cas: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.SDS of cas: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Study on synthetic process of 4-bromine-2,6-difluorine-trifluorinemethoxybenzene was written by Qi, Su-zhong;Shi, Jun-jie;Chen, Ya-peng;Li, Jing. And the article was included in Meitan Yu Huagong in 2013.Application In Synthesis of 4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole This article mentions the following:

A synthetic method of 4-bromine-2,6-difluorine-trifluorinemethoxybenzene was provided using 3,4,5-trifluorinebromobenzene as raw material through substitution reaction, dealkylation reaction, trifluoromethylation reaction, and finally the target product 4-bromine-2,6-difluoro-trifluoromethoxybenzene was gotten. This method had the characteristics which were the synthetic process was simplified, synthetic technol. was reasonable, synthetic steps were shorter, the yield of target product was high, the cost was low, the synthetic process was conductive to large-scale industrial production etc. Therefore, the synthesis method was suitable for large scale preparation of target compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0Application In Synthesis of 4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole).

4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application In Synthesis of 4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Design and synthesis of polydiacetylenes, and their low temperature irreversible thermochromic properties was written by Mergu, Naveen;Son, Young-A.. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 2021.Synthetic Route of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

A thermochromic material that show irreversible color change at or below freezing temperatures has potential utility as a temperature indicator for frozen food and meat products, therefore, the goods transporters and customers would easily recognize when the goods exposed to high temperatures during their storage and delivery. In this study, we have successfully synthesized and used polydiacetylenes functionalized with glycol ester groups as a thermochromic dye, which show irreversible thermochromic behavior at below freezing temperatures The photochromic and thermochromic properties of diacetylenes were investigated in the solid state, and color-transition temperatures for poly(DCDA-EGME), poly(DCDA-DGME) and poly(DCDA-TGME) were found to be 2, -10 and -16°C, resp. Moreover, we prepared a paper test strip and used as a warning indicator for deep freeze products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Synthetic Route of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Synthetic Route of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

An improved method for the synthesis of 5-arylidene barbiturates using BiCl₃ was written by Khan, Khalid Mohammed;Ali, Muhammad;Farooqui, Tanveer Ahmad;Khan, Momin;Taha, Muhammad;Perveen, Shahnaz. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan in 2009.Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

An improved and eco-benign synthesis of arylidene barbiturates has been developed by using bismuth chloride (BiCl₃) in water. Execution is simple and products yields were very high. All the reactions were completed in 30 min time. The new methodol. does not involve any solvent/solvent extraction while solid products were obtained in all cases which were filtered and washed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem