Month: February 2023

Dynamic nuclear polarization-magnetic resonance imaging at low ESR irradiation frequency for ascorbyl free radicals was written by Ito, Shinji;Hyodo, Fuminori. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2016.Product Details of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Highly water-soluble ubiquinone-0 (CoQ₀) reacts with ascorbate monoanion (Asc) to mediate the production of ascorbyl free radicals (AFR). Using aqueous reaction mixture of CoQ₀and Asc, we obtained pos. enhanced dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-magnetic resonance (MR) images of the AFR at low frequency (ranging from 515 to 530 MHz) of ESR (ESR) irradiation The shape of the determined DNP spectrum was similar to ESR absorption spectra with doublet spectral peaks. The relative locational relationship of spectral peaks in the DNP spectra between the AFR (520 and 525 MHz), 14N-labeled carbamoyl-PROXYL (14N-CmP) (526.5 MHz), and Oxo63 (522 MHz) was different from that in the X-band ESR spectra, but were similar to that in the 300-MHz ESR spectra. The ratio of DNP enhancement to radical concentration for the AFR was higher than those for ¹⁴N-CmP, Oxo63, and flavin semiquinone radicals. The spectroscopic DNP properties observed for the AFR were essentially the same as those for AFR mediated by pyrroloquinoline quinone. Moreover, we made a success of in vivo DNP-MR imaging of the CoQ₀-mediated AFR which was administered by the s.c. and oral injections as an imaging probe. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Product Details of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Product Details of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Switchable ROS Species Regulation Facilitates the Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols Enabled by an Organic Photocatalyst was written by Jia, Meng-Ze;Cui, Jing-Wang;Rao, Cai-Hui;Chen, Yun-Rui;Yao, Xin-Rong;Zhang, Jie. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.Computed Properties of C8H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Benefiting from the regulation of ROS species through a simple and feasible strategy, an efficient and switchable photocatalytic protocol for the chemoselective synthesis of aldehydes and carboxylic acids via oxidation of primary alcs. under mild conditions was developed. Using the pyridinium derivative as a metal-free organic photocatalyst, a variety of benzyl alcs. can be converted into aldehydes or carboxylic acids under an air atm. at room temperature with high selectivity and yield via simple solvent regulation. A feasible tandem reaction combining the pyridinium-catalyzed alc.-to-aldehyde conversion and catalyst-free photoinduced oxidation of aromatic aldehydes provides a powerful and efficient approach for the one-pot oxidation of benzyl alcs. to carboxylic acids, while a small amount of water can effectively regulate the competition of electron transfer and energy transfer and inhibit the generation of carboxylic acids, facilitating highly efficient and selective oxidation of alcs. to aldehydes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Computed Properties of C8H10O2).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Computed Properties of C8H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effects of Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa) extract on immune responses and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was written by Bilen, Soner;Ispir, Selcuk;Kenanoglu, Osman Nezih;Tastan, Yigit;Gueney, Kerim;Terzi, Ertugrul. And the article was included in Journal of Fish Diseases in 2021.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

This study investigated the effects of Greek juniper extract on immune responses of rainbow trout. In this experiment, 4 doses [0 (Control), 1 (J1), 4 (J4) and 8 (J8) mg/kg] of the extract were administered orally using an oral gavage twice a day for 14 days. Immune responses were measured on 7th and 14th days. On 14th day, Yersinia ruckeri was injected i.p. to all fish of all groups. On 14th day, ORP in fish of J1 group increased significantly. Lysozyme activity (LA) was increased in J8 group on 7th day (p < .05). On 14th day, a significant decrease was determined in J1 and J4 treatments in LA. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly decreased in all groups irresp. of sampling times (p < .05). Interleukin (IL)-1β was significantly elevated in fish of J8 group on 7th day. IL-8 increased in fish of J8 and J4 groups on 7th day of the study. IL-12 gene expression was significantly up-regulated in J8 fish group on 7th day, and in J4 fish group on 14th day. Survival rate was higher in J8 treatment compared to the control and other treatments (p < .05). The results suggest that Juniperus excelsa provides protection against Y. ruckeri in rainbow trout. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Muscarinic agonist, (±)-quinuclidin-3-yl-(4-fluorophenethyl)(phenyl)carbamate: High affinity, but low subtype selectivity for human M₁ – M₅ muscarinic acetylcholine receptors was written by Lee, Na-Ra;Gujarathi, Satheesh;Bommagani, Shobanbabu;Siripurapu, Kiranbabu;Zheng, Guangrong;Dwoskin, Linda P.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2019.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Quinuclidinyl N-phenylcarbamates and azabicyclic (arylethyl)phenylcarbamates such as I [R = 4-FC₆H₄, 4-MeOC₆H₄, 3,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃] were prepared as ligands for the human M₅ muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) for potential use in the treatment of drug abuse and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; their binding to M₁-M₅ mAChR were determined I (R = 4-FC₆H₄) exhibited the highest affinities for M₁-M₅ mAChR (K_i = 2.0, 13, 2.6, 2.2, 1.8 nM for M₁, M₂, M₃, M₄, M₅ mAChR, resp.) of the tested ligands but was not selective for a single mAChR subtype. I (R = 4-FC₆H₄) acted as an agonist at mAChRs; the effect of I (R = 4-FC₆H₄) was inhibited by the nonselective mAChR antagonist scopolamine, and I (R = 4-FC₆H₄) augmented the release of dopamine evoked by oxotremorine. I (R = 4-MeOC₆H₄) was 17-fold selective for M₃ mAChR over M₂ mAChR. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Transition-Metal-Free ipso-Trifluoromethylthiolation of Lithium Aryl Boronates was written by Shen, Feng;Zheng, Hanliang;Xue, Xiao-Song;Lu, Long;Shen, Qilong. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.SDS of cas: 365564-07-4 This article mentions the following:

A transition-metal-free direct trifluoromethylthiolation of the ipso-carbon of lithium aryl boronates with trifluoromethanesulfenate under mild conditions was described. In addition, late-stage site-selective C-H borylation/trifluoromethylation and C-Cl borylation/trifluoromethylthiolation of biol. active mols. was developed. Initial mechanistic study suggested that the Li⁺ cation plays a vital role by coordinating to the oxygen atom of an aryl boronate complex and the oxygen of the reagent, thus allowing the aryl group to directly attack the trifluoromethylthio group of the trifluoromethylthiolating reagent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4SDS of cas: 365564-07-4).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.SDS of cas: 365564-07-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Active compounds from a diverse library of triazolothiadiazole and triazolothiadiazine scaffolds: Synthesis, crystal structure determination, cytotoxicity, cholinesterase inhibitory activity, and binding mode analysis was written by Khan, Imtiaz;Ibrar, Aliya;Zaib, Sumera;Ahmad, Sarfraz;Furtmann, Norbert;Hameed, Shahid;Simpson, Jim;Bajorath, Jurgen;Iqbal, Jamshed. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Product Details of 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

In an effort to identify novel cholinesterase candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a diverse array of potentially bioactive compounds including triazolothiadiazoles and triazolothiadiazines was obtained in good yields through the cyclocondensation reaction of 4-amino-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol with various substituted aryl/heteroaryl/aryloxy acids and phenacyl bromides, resp. The structures of the newly prepared compounds were confirmed by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and, in case of 4a, by single crystal X-ray diffraction anal. The purity of the synthesized compounds was ascertained by elemental anal. The newly synthesized conjugated heterocycles were screened for cholinesterase inhibitory activity against elec. eel acetylcholinesterase (EeAChE) and horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE). Among the evaluated hybrids, several compounds were identified as potent inhibitors. Two triazolothiadiazoles were most active with an IC₅₀ value of 3.09 ± 0.154 and 11.3 ± 0.267 μM, resp., against acetylcholinesterase, whereas three compounds were most potent against butyrylcholinesterase, with an IC₅₀ of 0.585 ± 0.154, 0.781 ± 0.213, and 1.09 ± 0.156 μM, resp., compared to neostigmine and donepezil as standard drugs. The synthesized heteroaromatic compounds were also tested for their cytotoxic potential against lung carcinoma (H157) and vero cell lines. One compound exhibited highest antiproliferative activity against H157 cell lines, with IC₅₀ value of 0.96 ± 0.43 μM at 1 mM concentration as compared to vincristine (IC₅₀ = 1.03 ± 0.04 μM), standard drug used in this study. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Product Details of 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Product Details of 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and properties of coumarin derivatives and their terbium complexes was written by Meng, Defen;Xu, De;Li, Dong;Dai, Ming;Li, Guizhi;Guo, Dongcai. And the article was included in Research on Chemical Intermediates in 2016.Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

A series of coumarin derivatives obtained from salicylaldehyde and phenol were synthesized. Their corresponding terbium complexes were prepared and characterized by elemental anal., EDTA titrations, molar conductivity, UV-visible spectra, IR spectra, and thermal anal. The luminescent properties and electrochem. properties of the terbium complexes were also investigated. All the terbium complexes exhibited characteristic emissions of terbium ions. The introduction of electron-donating groups can improve the luminescent properties, decrease the HOM: O and LUMO energy levels of the terbium complex, while electron-withdrawing groups can weaken the luminescent properties, and increase the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of terbium complex. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Formula: C9H10O4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Design, synthesis and structure-bactericidal activity relationships of novel 9-oxime ketolides and reductive epimers of acylides was written by Tian, Jing-Chao;Han, Xu;Lv, Wei;Li, Ya-Xin;Wang, Hui;Fan, Bing-Zhi;Cushman, Mark;Liang, Jian-Hua. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2017.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Erythromycin was long viewed as a bacteriostatic agent. The erythromycin derivatives, 9-oxime ketolides have a species-specific bactericidal profile. Among them, the 3′-allyl version of the 9-oxime ketolide is bactericidal against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. In contrast, the 2-fluoro analogs show bactericidal activities against S. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis, while the 2-fluoro analogs are only bactericidal against S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Reduction of the ketolides led to novel epi-acylides, the 3-O-epimers of the acylides. Alteration of linker length, 2-fluorination and incorporation of addnl. spacers at the 9-oxime or 6-OH did not restore the epi-acylides back to be as active as the acylide. Mol. docking suggested that epimerization at the 3-position reshapes the orientation of the 3-O-side chain and leads to considerably weaker binding with bacterial ribosomes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ultrafast Trap State-Mediated Electron Transfer for Quantum Dot Redox Sensing was written by Harvie, Andrew J.;Smith, Charles T.;Ahumada-Lazo, Ruben;Jeuken, Lars J. C.;Califano, Marco;Bon, Robin S.;Hardman, Samantha J. O.;Binks, David J.;Critchley, Kevin. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry C in 2018.HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Quantum dots (QDs) conjugated to electron acceptor ligands are useful as redox sensors in applications ranging from chem. detection to bioimaging. We aimed to improve effectiveness of these redox-sensing QD conjugates, which depends on the initial charge separation and on the competing mechanisms of recombination, including luminescence and electron transfer to the conjugated redox mols. In this study, ultrafast laser radiation measurements were used to study the excited state dynamics in CdTe/CdS core/shell QDs with quinone/quinol acceptor (Q2NS) ligands attached to the surface (up to 40 per QD). Detailed anal., along with computational simulation, physicochem., physicochem. of the system, showed multiple electron-transfer pathways and identified an ultrafast electron transfer from a surface electron trap state to the quinone ligands (2-8 ps). We propose that this leads to high, redox-dependent, quenching efficiencies (98.7% with an average of 10 quinone/quinols on the surface). As only low populations of redox ligands are required, the colloidal properties of the QD are preserved, which allows for further functionalization. These new insights into the excited state properties and ultrafast charge transfer have important implications for fields exploring charge extraction from quantum dots, which range from bioimaging to solar energy technol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

An efficient photocatalytic synthesis of benzimidazole over cobalt-loaded TiO₂ catalysts under solar light irradiation was written by Kumaraswamy, Gullapelli;Sadanandam, Gullapelli;Ledwaba, Kabelo;Maroju, Ravichandar. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2022.SDS of cas: 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

Cobalt-loaded TiO₂ (Co-TiO₂) based photocatalysts have been successfully used in energy and environmental applications, but their application in synthesis of Benzimidazole from ortho phenylenediamines has never been reported. Benzimidazole is a very important class of heterocyclic compounds and it occupies a unique position in the field of pharmaceutical chem. Here, Co-TiO₂ photocatalysts were prepared using an impregnation method and characterized by XRD, UV-Vis DRS, FE-SEM, TEM and Raman techniques. The present study explores the photocatalytic synthesis of 2-Aryl Benzimidazoles over cobalt-loaded TiO₂ under solar light irradiation The cobalt-loaded TiO₂ catalysts exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance under solar light in the preparation of 2-Aryl Benzimidazoles. This efficient and higher photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the visible light active structure of Co-TiO₂ and surface-interacted cobalt species on TiO₂ support. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5SDS of cas: 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.SDS of cas: 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem