Month: February 2023

Development of room-temperature electrodeposition techniques for metallic Mg and metallic Al using safe electrolytes and applications to next-generation battery and/or future plating was written by Kitada, Atsushi. And the article was included in Hyomen Gijutsu in 2020.Reference of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

This paper describes development of room-temperature electrodeposition techniques for metallic magnesium and metallic aluminum using safe electrolytes and applications to next-generation battery and/or future plating. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Reference of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Reference of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Optimization of antroquinonol production in solid-state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata using response surface methodology was written by Lu, Ruiqiu;Hu, Yongdan;Zhang, Baobo;Xu, Ganrong. And the article was included in Shipin Kexue (Beijing, China) in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

In this study, response surface methodol. based on Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the culture conditions for the production of the bioactive metabolite antroquinonol in solid-state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata. The optimal culture conditions were determined as inoculum amount of 296.80 mg/kg, Triton X-100 concentration of 1.10 mL/kg and coenzyme Q₀ concentration of 0.23 g/kg. Under these conditions, the maximum predicted yield of antroquinonol was 865.85 mg/kg, which was in good agreement with the exptl. value of 865.32 mg/kg. Therefore, the established model could be used for predicting the culture conditions of Antrodia camphorate for antroquinonol production After optimization, the yield of antroquinonol was increased 232.09% when compared with the control (260.57 mg/kg). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Identification of the orsellinic acid synthase PKS63787 for the biosynthesis of antroquinonols in Antrodia cinnamomea was written by Yu, Po-Wei;Cho, Ting-Yu;Liou, Ruey-Fen;Tzean, Shean-Shong;Lee, Tzong-Huei. And the article was included in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology in 2017.Reference of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Antrodia cinnamomea, an endemic basidiomycete used as a health food in Taiwan, is known to synthesize antroquinonols, which were reported to have notable medicinal potential in oncol. and immunol. However, the biosynthetic pathway of these compounds is currently unclear. Our previous study showed that a pks63787 knockout mutant of A. cinnamomea (Δpks63787) is deficient in the biosynthesis of several aromatic metabolites. In this study, we pointed by phylogenetic anal. that pks63787 likely encodes an orsellinic acid synthase. Moreover, amendment of the cultural medium with orsellinic acid not only restores the ability of Δpks63787 to produce its major pigment and other deficient metabolites, e.g., antroquinonols, but also enhances the productivity of several antroquinonols, including 2 new compounds antroquinonols L and M. These results provide direct evidence that the PKS63787 is involved in the biosynthesis of antroquinonols and confirmed our hypothesis that the 6-methylcyclohexenone moiety was synthesized via the PKS63787-mediated polyketide pathway. In conclusion, PKS63787 might function as orsellinic acid synthase and orsellinic acid is an important precursor indispensable for the biosynthesis of the major pigment and antroquinonols in A. cinnamomea. To facilitate further basic or applied study, a putative biosynthesis pathway map of antroquinonols is proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Reference of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Reference of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cu-Catalyzed Desulfonylative Amination of Benzhydryl Sulfones was written by Nambo, Masakazu;Tahara, Yasuyo;Yim, Jacky C.-H.;Crudden, Cathleen M.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2019.Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

A new method for the synthesis of benzhydryl amines I (Ar¹ = Ph Ar² = p-MeC₆H₄, p-MeOC₆H₄, m-F₃CC₆H₄, etc.) from the reaction of readily available sulfone derivatives with amines is described. The Cu-catalyzed desulfonylative amination not only provides structurally diverse benzhydryl amines in good yields, but is also applicable to iterative and intramol. aminations. Control experiments suggested that the formation of a Cu-carbene intermediate generated from the sulfone substrate, which represents a new route for desulfonylative transformations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Preparation, functionalization and characterization of engineered carbon nanodots was written by Dordjevic, Luka;Arcudi, Francesca;Prato, Maurizio. And the article was included in Nature Protocols in 2019.Related Products of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Carbon-based dots (CDs) and their functionalized (nano)composites have recently attracted attention due to their seemingly easy preparation and numerous potential applications, ranging from those in the biomedical field (i.e., imaging and drug delivery) to those in (opto)electronics (i.e., solar cells and LEDs). This protocol details step-by-step procedures for synthesis, purification, functionalization and characterization of nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (NCNDs), which we have been preparing for the past few years. First, we describe the bottom-up synthesis of NCNDs, starting with the use of mol. precursors (arginine (Arg) and ethylenediamine (EDA)) and making use of microwave-assisted hydrothermal heating. We also provide guidelines for the purification of these materials, through either dialysis or low-pressure sizeexclusion chromatog. (SEC). Second, we outline post-functionalization procedures for the surface modification of NCNDs, such as alkylation and amidation reactions. Third, we provide instructions for the preparation of NCNDs with different properties, such as color emission, electrochem. and chirality. Given the fast evolution of preparations and applications of CDs, issues that might arise from artifacts, errors and impurities should be avoided. In this context, the present protocol aims to provide details and guidelines for the synthesis of high-quality nanomaterials with high reproducibility, for various applications. Furthermore, specific needs might require the CDs to be prepared by different synthetic procedures and/or from different mol. precursors, but such CDs can still benefit from the purification and characterization procedures outlined in this protocol. The sample preparation takes various time frames, ranging from 4 to 18 d, depending on the adopted synthesis and purification steps. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Related Products of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Related Products of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Isomerization of oxime-ether during synthesis of clarithromycin was written by Liang, Jianhua;Yao, Guowei. And the article was included in Zhongguo Yaowu Huaxue Zazhi in 2005.Application In Synthesis of 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of clarithromycin was improved by studying the etherification of erythromycin A oxime. The competition between kinetic equilibrium and thermodn. equilibrium would alter the original equilibrium existing between E-oxime and Z-oxime in the presence of acid or base. Under acidic conditions Z-oxime should have been converted into E-oxime, but the etherification results suggested that the procedure reversed. Pure E-oxime and the mixture of E-oxime and Z-oxime (> 7.3: 1, E/Z) would give the etherification products with the same ratio of E/Z, which was determined by the etherification conditions of oxime. Solvents and temperature mainly determined the ratio of E/Z of the products, which was higher than 6 in CH₃CN and less than 6 in CH₂Cl₂, and in CH₂Cl₂ higher than 4 at 30°C and less than 4 at 20°C. Temperature had more influence on the products in CH₂Cl₂ than those in CH₃CN. Reducing the amount of Z-oxime ether in etherification could enhance the yield of clarithromycin, because E-oxime ether derivatives appeared to be more regioselective than the corresponding Z-isomer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2Application In Synthesis of 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane).

1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application In Synthesis of 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cross-linked polyphosphazene blends as robust CO₂ separation membranes was written by Kusuma, Victor A.;McNally, Joshua S.;Baker, James S.;Tong, Zi;Zhu, Lingxiang;Orme, Christopher J.;Stewart, Frederick F.;Hopkinson, David P.. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2020.Formula: C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

An effective crosslinking technique allows a viscous and highly gas-permeable hydrophilic polyphosphazene to be cast as solid membrane films. By judicious blending with other polyphosphazenes to improve the mech. properties, a membrane exhibiting the highest CO₂ permeability (610 barrer) among polyphosphazenes combined with a good CO₂/N₂ selectivity (35) was synthesized and described here. The material demonstrates performance stability after 500 h of exposure to a coal-fired power plant flue gas, making it attractive for use in carbon capture applications. Its CO₂/N₂ selectivity under conditions up to full humidity is also stable, and although the gas permeability does decline, the performance is fully recovered upon drying. The high mol. weight of these heteropolymers also allows them to be cast as a thin selective layer on an asym. porous membrane, yielding a CO₂ permeance of 1200 GPU and a CO₂/N₂ pure gas selectivity of 31, which does not decline over 2000 h. In addition to gas separation membranes, this cross-linked polyphosphazene can potentially be extended to other applications, such as drug delivery or proton exchange membranes, which take advantage of the polyphosphazene’s versatile chem. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Formula: C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Formula: C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Photocontrolled Radical Polymerization from Hydridic C-H Bonds was written by Stache, Erin E.;Kottisch, Veronika;Fors, Brett P.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020.Formula: C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Given the ubiquity of carbon-hydrogen bonds in biomols. and polymer backbones, the development of a photocontrolled polymerization selectively grafting from a C-H bond represents a powerful strategy for polymer conjugation. This approach would circumvent the need for complex synthetic pathways currently used to introduce functionality at a polymer chain end. On this basis, we developed a hydrogen-atom abstraction strategy that allows for a controlled polymerization selectively from a hydridic C-H bond using a benzophenone photocatalyst, a trithiocarbonate-derived disulfide, and visible light. We performed the polymerization from a variety of ethers, alkanes, unactivated C-H bonds, and alcs. Our method lends itself to photocontrol which has important implications for building advanced macromol. architectures. Finally, we demonstrate that we can graft polymer chains controllably from poly(ethylene glycol) showcasing the potential application of this method for controlled grafting from C-H bonds of commodity polymers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Formula: C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Formula: C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Selective Hydrosilylation of Alkynes with Octaspherosilicate (HSiMe₂O)₈Si₈O₁₂ was written by Stefanowska, Kinga;Franczyk, Adrian;Szyling, Jakub;Pyziak, Mikolaj;Pawluc, Piotr;Walkowiak, Jedrzej. And the article was included in Chemistry – An Asian Journal in 2018.COA of Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Comprehensive studies on Pt-catalyzed hydrosilylation of a wide range of terminal and internal alkynes with spherosilicate (HSiMe₂O)₈Si₈O₁₂ (1a) were performed. The influence of the reaction parameters and the types of reagents and catalysts on the efficiency of the process, which enabled the creation of a versatile and selective method to synthesize olefin octafunctionalized octaspherosilicates, was studied. Within this work, twenty novel 1,2-(E)-disubstituted and 1,1,2-(E)-trisubstituted alkenyl-octaspherosilicates (3a–m, 6n–t) were selectively obtained with high yields, and fully characterized (¹H, ¹³C, ²⁹Si NMR, FTIR, MALDI TOF or TOF MS ES⁺ anal.). Also, the mol. structure of (Me₃Si(H)C:C(H)SiMe₂O)₈Si₈O₁₂ (3a) was determined by x-ray crystallog. for the 1st time. The developed procedures are the 1st that allow selective hydrosilylation of terminal silyl, germyl, aryl, and alkyl alkynes with 1a, as well as the direct introduction of sixteen functional groups into the 1a structure by the hydrosilylation of internal alkynes. This method constituted a powerful tool for the synthesis of hyperbranched compounds with a Si-O based cubic core. The resulting products, owing to their unique structure and physicochem. properties, are considered novel, multifunctional, hybrid, and nanometric building blocks, intended for the synthesis of star-shaped mols. or macromols., as well as nanofillers and polymer modifiers. In the presented syntheses, com. available reagents and catalysts were used, so these methods can be easily repeated, rapidly scaled up, and widely applied. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8COA of Formula: C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).COA of Formula: C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed ortho-Arylation of Anilides with Aryl Halides was written by Haridharan, Radhakrishnan;Muralirajan, Krishnamoorthy;Cheng, Chien-Hong. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2015.Electric Literature of C12H17NO2 This article mentions the following:

An efficient o-arylation of pivalamides by aryl iodides via rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H activation is demonstrated for the first time. Further, the biaryl products I [R¹ = H, 4-Me, 4-Cl, etc; R² = H, 4-Me, 4-Br, etc; R³ = tert-Bu, Et, OMe, etc.] can be converted effectively into biol. active phenanthridine and phenanthridinone derivative In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Electric Literature of C12H17NO2).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Electric Literature of C12H17NO2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem