Month: February 2023

The bifunctional alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, adhE, is necessary for ethanol production in Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum was written by Lo, Jonathan;Zheng, Tianyong;Hon, Shuen;Olson, Daniel G.;Lynda, Lee R.. And the article was included in Journal of Bacteriology in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum and Clostridium thermocellum are anaerobic thermophilic bacteria being investigated for their ability to produce biofuels from plant biomass. The bifunctional alc. and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, adhE, is present in these bacteria and has been known to be important for ethanol formation in other anaerobic alc. producers. This study explores the inactivation of the adhE gene in C. thermocellum and T. saccharolyticum. Deletion of adhE reduced ethanol production by >95% in both T. saccharolyticum and C. thermocellum, confirming that adhE is necessary for ethanol formation in both organisms. In both adhE deletion strains, fermentation products shifted from ethanol to lactate production and resulted in lower cell d. and longer time to reach maximal cell d. In T. saccharolyticum, the adhE deletion strain lost>85% of alc. dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity did not appear to be affected, although ALDH activity was low in cell extracts Adding ubiquinone-0 to the ALDH assay increased activity in the T. saccharolyticum parent strain but did not increase activity in the adhE deletion strain, suggesting that ALDH activity was inhibited. In C. thermocellum, the adhE deletion strain lost>90% of ALDH and ADH activity in cell extracts The C. thermocellum adhE deletion strain contained a point mutation in the lactate dehydrogenase gene, which appears to deregulate its activation by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, leading to constitutive activation of lactate dehydrogenase. Sequence data have been deposited at NCBI/EMBL/DDBJ with accession numbers SRX744220 and SRX744221. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

On the molecular structure, packing coefficients and thermal stabilities of the homologous series p-methoxy-XY-p’-alkyl tolanes was written by Prasad, J. Shashidhara. And the article was included in Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals in 1978.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The thermal stability in the p-methoxy-p‘-alkyltolan homologous series was studied by mol. packing coefficients (ratio of geometric volume of a mol. to the volume per mol. in the crystal) without actual conformation of the mols. in the crystalline state. The packing coefficient decreases for the nonmesogenic members (Me and Et) accounting for the decrease in stability and suddenly increases when the mesogenic state is encountered and then again decreases accounting for the thermal stability decrease within the mesogenic materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers feature bent C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111鎺?and C閳ユ彊 distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C閳ユ彊 bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Kinetics of oxidation of phenoxyacetic acid by TPCC in aqueous aceticacid medium was written by Palaniappan, An.;Udhayakumar, R.;Srinivasan, S.;Raju, C.. And the article was included in Chemica Sinica in 2012.Application of 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

The kinetics of oxidation of phenoxyacetic acid and several para- and meta-substituted phenoxyacetic acids by tetrakis(pyridine) cobalt(II) chromate (TPCC) in the presence of HClO₄ was studied in aqueous acetic acid medium. The reaction shows unit order dependence each with respect to oxidant and substrate. The order with respect to hydrogen ion concentration is one. The rate of oxidation increases with increase in the percentage of acetic acid and increase in ionic strength has negligible effect on the rate. The addition of Al³⁺ had a noticeable catalytic effect on the reaction rate. In general, the electron releasing substituent accelerates the rate while electron attracting substituent retards the rate of reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application of 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Application of 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Preparation, Photophysical and Electrochemical Evaluation of an Azaborondipyrromethene/Zinc Porphyrin/Graphene Supramolecular Nanoensemble was written by Rotas, Georgios;Thomas, Michael B.;Canton-Vitoria, Ruben;D’Souza, Francis;Tagmatarchis, Nikos. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2020.Application of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

The preparation of an entirely supramol., multichromophoric azaborondipyrromethene (ABDP)/zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP)/exfoliated graphene (GR) nanoensemble was accomplished. The ABDP derivative bears glycol chains for enhancing solubility and a pyridine functionality for allowing coordination with ZnTPP. The ABDP/ZnTPP/GR nanoensemble was characterized in terms of morphol. and composition by using complementary microscopy imaging, thermogravimetric anal., Raman as well as steady-state and time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy. The photophys. and electrochem. assessment of ABDP/ZnTPP/GR as well as the binding properties of the ABDP/ZnTPP complex, employed as a reference, are presented. Energy and electron transfer events were observed in ABDP/ZnTPP upon photoexcitation. However, in the case of ABDP/ZnTPP/GR, the graphene-induced aggregation of the chromophores alters their electronic interactions, enhancing the energy/electron transfer process between them. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Application of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and crystal structure of 2′,4”-O-bis(trimethylsilyl)erythromycin a 9-O-(1-isopropoxycyclohexyl) oxime was written by Liang, Jian-Hua;Yao, Guo-Wei. And the article was included in Heterocycles in 2003.Safety of 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane This article mentions the following:

The ratio of E/Z of 2′-,4”-O-bis(trimethylsilyl)erythromycin A 9-O-(1-isopropoxycyclohexyl) oxime were much higher prepared in CH₃CN than those in CH₂Cl₂. And the ratio would increase with elevation of temperature Compared with 2′-OH, 4”-OH was liable to be silylated in the presence of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilizane and an NH₄⁺. The crystal structure of E-title compound was determined by single-crystal X-Ray structure anal. to elucidate the origin of regioselectivity occurring at 6-hydroxyl group in the O-methylation of erythromycin A. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2Safety of 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane).

1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Safety of 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Identification of novel bivalent mimetics of annonaceous acetogenins via a scaffold-hopping strategy was written by Liu, Yanghan;Liu, Yongqiang;Li, Zhen;Zhou, Guang-Biao;Yao, Zhu-Jun;Jiang, Sheng. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2014.Application of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

A series of novel bivalent mimetics of annonaceous acetogenins have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Among these, compound 7 bearing a homopiperazine ring in the middle region exhibited more potent growth inhibitory activity and higher selectivity against cancer cells over normal cells by comparison with AA005. This work indicates that modification of the middle piperazine ring is a useful optimizing tool for the simplified acetogenin mimetics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Application of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Application of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Coenzyme Q₀ immobilized on magnetic nanoparticle: synthesis and antitumoral effect on Saos, MCF7 and Hela cell lines was written by Amiri, Mohsen Aboukazempour;Aghamaali, Mahmoud Reza;Parsian, Hadi;Tashakkorian, Hamed. And the article was included in Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research in 2020.Computed Properties of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Many attempts in medical community focused on the preparation of anticancer agents. Various Coenzyme Q such as CoQ₀ analogs have been reported as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant substances. In this study a novel derivatives of Coenzyme Q as an anticancer agent have been introduced. The prepared magnetic nanoparticle, containing CoQ₀ were prepared using common chem. methods and also characterized by means of NMR (NMR), fourier transform IR (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric anal. (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC). To evaluate the antiproliferative effects of the nanoparticle, the prepared compound was treated with cell lines such as Hela, MCF-7 and Saos. Moreover, the outcomes were compared with normal fibroblast cell line. These assessments were performed by means of MTT assay. Investigation on the capability of this prepared nanoparticle showed some reliable results including cytotoxicities against MCF7, Saos and Hela cancer cell lines which were illustrated by displaying the morphol. of the treated cells using AO/EB dual staining fluorescent technique. Employing simple method for preparation as well as the promising cytotoxic results makes it as a promising candidate for further bioexperiments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Computed Properties of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O閳ユ椊 or N閳ユ椊 bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Computed Properties of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Reusable Pd-PolyHIPE for Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling was written by Ravbar, Miha;Koler, Amadeja;Paljevac, Muzafera;Krajnc, Peter;Kolar, Mitja;Iskra, Jernej. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2022.COA of Formula: C14H15BO4 This article mentions the following:

Palladium was immobilized on a highly porous copolymer of 4-vinylpyridine and divinylbenzene (polyHIPE-poly(high internal phase emulsion)) using palladium(II) acetate to obtain PolyPy-Pd with 6.1 wt % or 0.57 mmol Pd/g. The immobilized catalyst was able to catalyze the coupling of iodobenzene and phenylboronic acid in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether/water (3:1) within 4 h at rt and complete conversion was observed when 2.5 mol % of Pd per PhI was used. The reaction tolerated a wide range of substituents on the aromatic ring. Iodobenzene derivatives with electron-withdrawing substituents showed higher reactivity, while the opposite was true for the phenylboronic acid series. The polyHIPE-supported Pd catalyst was also used for the direct conversion of phenylboronic acid to biphenyl through an iodination/coupling reaction sequence. The recyclability of the heterogeneous catalyst was also optimized, and by finding a suitable combination of solvents for the loading of Pd, the reaction, and the isolation of the product, the solid-supported catalyst was completely regenerated and used in the next reaction with the same activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-((4-Methoxybenzyl)oxy)phenyl)boronic acid (cas: 156635-90-4COA of Formula: C14H15BO4).

(4-((4-Methoxybenzyl)oxy)phenyl)boronic acid (cas: 156635-90-4) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.COA of Formula: C14H15BO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ionizing radiation and natural constituents of living cells: Low-energy electron interaction with coenzyme Q analogs was written by Pshenichnyuk, Stanislav A.;Modelli, Alberto;Asfandiarov, Nail L.;Komolov, Alexey S.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Physics in 2020.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Resonance electron attachment to short-tail analogs of coenzyme Q₁₀ is investigated in the electron energy range 0 eV-14 eV under gas-phase conditions by means of dissociative electron attachment spectroscopy. Formation of long-lived (milliseconds) mol. neg. ions is detected at 1.2 eV, but not at thermal energy. A huge increase in the electron detachment time as compared with the reference para-benzoquinone (40娓璼) is ascribed to the presence of the isoprene side chains. Elimination of a neutral CH₃ radical is found to be the most intense decay detected on the microsecond time scale. The results give some insight into the timescale of electron-driven processes stimulated in living tissues by high-energy radiation and are of importance in prospective fields of radiobiol. and medicine. (c) 2020 American Institute of Physics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111鎺?and C閳ユ彊 distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C閳ユ彊 bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Chemoinformatics-Driven Design of New Physical Solvents for Selective CO₂ Absorption was written by Orlov, Alexey A.;Demenko, Daryna Yu.;Bignaud, Charles;Valtz, Alain;Marcou, Gilles;Horvath, Dragos;Coquelet, Christophe;Varnek, Alexandre;de Meyer, Frederick. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2021.Electric Literature of C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

The removal of CO₂ from gases is an important industrial process in the transition to a low-carbon economy. The use of selective phys. (co-)solvents is especially perspective in cases when the amount of CO₂ is large as it enables one to lower the energy requirements for solvent regeneration. However, only a few phys. solvents have found industrial application and the design of new ones can pave the way to more efficient gas treatment techniques. Exptl. screening of gas solubility is a labor-intensive process, and solubility modeling is a viable strategy to reduce the number of solvents subject to exptl. measurements. In this paper, a chemoinformatics-based modeling workflow was applied to build a predictive model for the solubility of CO₂ and four other industrially important gases (CO, CH₄, H₂, and N₂). A dataset containing solubilities of gases in 280 solvents was collected from literature sources and supplemented with the new data for six solvents measured in the present study. A modeling workflow based on the usage of several state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms was applied to establish quant. structure-solubility relationships. The best models were used to perform virtual screening of the industrially produced chems. It enabled the identification of compounds with high predicted CO₂ solubility and selectivity toward other gases. The prediction for one of the compounds, 4-methylmorpholine, was confirmed exptl. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Electric Literature of C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O閳ユ椊 or N閳ユ椊 bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Electric Literature of C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem