Month: February 2023

Metabolism of alkenebenzene derivatives in the rat. II. Eugenol and isoeugenol methyl ethers was written by Solheim, Einar;Scheline, Ronald R.. And the article was included in Xenobiotica in 1976.Application In Synthesis of 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

In the rat eugenol Me ether (I) [93-15-2] underwent oxidation of the allylic side chain to form 3 metabolites, 2 of which were excreted as glycine conjugates. Other metabolic reactions were hydroxylation of the benzene ring, O-demethylation, and 2 oxidation reactions; 63-95% of the initial dose was accounted for. The major metabolic path of isoeugenol Me ether (II) [93-16-3] was via cinnamoyl derivatives, but O-demethylation, and oxidation also occurred. Most of the metabolites of I and II were also found in the bile. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Application In Synthesis of 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers feature bent C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111鎺?and C閳ユ彊 distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C閳ユ彊 bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application In Synthesis of 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

High-frame-rate liquid crystal phase modulator for augmented reality displays was written by Chen, Ran;Huang, Yuge;Li, Jian;Hu, Minggang;Li, Juanli;Chen, Xinbing;Chen, Pei;Wu, Shin-Tson;An, Zhongwei. And the article was included in Liquid Crystals in 2019.Electric Literature of C18H18O This article mentions the following:

We optimize a new liquid crystal mixture with wide nematic range, high birefringence (铻杗), high resistivity, moderate dielec. anisotropy (铻栬敋) and relatively low rotational viscosity for augmented reality display applications. High 铻杗 and large 铻栬敋 allow a thin cell gap (d 閳?1.5 娓璵) to be employed in a reflective liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCoS) device to achieve 2锜?phase change at 5 V and 2.87 ms average phase-to-phase response time at 40鎺矯 without complicated overdrive circuitry. Such a fast response time enables an LCoS panel to achieve 240 Hz frame rate for field sequential color operation to avoid image flickering. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1Electric Literature of C18H18O).

1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Electric Literature of C18H18O

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cascade upgrading of bio-based 4閳?methoxypropiophenone to anethole enabled by hot-compressed alcohol over a Hf-phytic acid coordination catalyst was written by Tan, Jinyu;Wu, Hongguo;Huang, Jinshu;Jian, Yumei;Zhang, Li-Long;Zhang, Heng;Li, Hu;Yang, Song. And the article was included in Journal of Supercritical Fluids in 2022.Synthetic Route of C8H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Hot compressed solvents (alc., water) have been widely used in the production of value-added chems. from biomass due to their sufficiently low viscosity, high diffusivity, and environmentally-benign features. Anethole (AN) is a unique kind of natural aromatic compound, while its green synthesis method still requires to be explored. Herein, a novel porous acid-base bifunctional phytic acid (PA)-hafnium (Hf)(1:2.5) catalyst was prepared by a simple assembly of PA with Hf under a one-pot hydrothermal method (120 鎺矯, 24 h). The PA-Hf(1: 2.5) possessed outstanding catalytic activity for the synthesis of AN from 4閳?methoxypropiophenone (4-MOPP) at 220 鎺矯 and 15 bar in 2-pentanol (4-MOPP conversion: 99.8%, AN yield: 98.8%), which can be ascribed to its moderate surface area (95.3 m²/g), pore volume (0.18 cm³/g), mesopores (4.0 nm), and acid-base couple sites (d.: 3.6 vs 1.7 mmol/g). 2-Pentanol was determined to serve as the superior hydrogen donor and solvent for the overall conversion process, which can remarkably hinder side reactions in this hot-compressed medium. Moreover, the cooperative interaction of Lewis acid-base couple sites (Hf₄⁺-O₂^–) and Bronsted acidic species (-OH) of PA-Hf(1:2.5) led to its excellent catalytic performance. PA-Hf(1:2.5) was highly reusable with constant activity after five reaction cycles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Synthetic Route of C8H10O2).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Synthetic Route of C8H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tautocrowns: a concept for a sensing molecule with an active side-arm was written by Antonov, Liudmil M.;Kurteva, Vanya B.;Simeonov, Svilen P.;Deneva, Vera V.;Crochet, Aurelien;Fromm, Katharina M.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2010.Name: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

A new sensing mol. containing aza-15-crown-5 as a receptor and 4-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalen-1-ol as a signal converter has been synthesized. In the free ligand, the hydrogen bonding between the tautomeric OH group and the nitrogen atom from the macrocycle fully shifts the tautomeric equilibrium towards the enol form. The complexation reverses the equilibrium as a result of the strong interaction between the metal ion captured in the macrocyclic moiety and the tautomeric carbonyl group. The complex formation is accompanied by strong bathochromic (between 60 and 100 nm) and hyperchromic effects on the absorption spectra. Obviously, the tautomeric OH/C=O groups play the role of an active side-arm in the complexation, supporting it via formation of a 3D cavity and giving possibility for ejection of the guest compound under stimuli to shift the tautomeric process back. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Name: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Name: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

1-Aza-15-Crown-5 Functionalized Graphene Oxide for 2D Graphene-Based Li⁺-ion Conductor was written by Banerjee, Moutusi;Gupta, Abhisek;Saha, Shyamal K.;Chakravorty, Dipankar. And the article was included in Small in 2015.Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

Attachment of Li⁺ ion on graphene surface to realize Li⁺-ion conductor is a real challenge because of the weak interaction between the ions and the functional groups of graphene oxide; although, a large number of theor. results are already available in the literature. To overcome this problem, graphene oxide is functionalized by 1-aza-15-crown-5, the cage-like structure containing four oxygens that can bind Li⁺ ion through electrostatic interaction. Li⁺ migration on graphene surface has been investigated using ac relaxation mechanism. Perfect Debye-type relaxation behavior with 灏?(relaxation exponent) value 閳?1 resulting from single ion is observed The activation energy of Li⁺ migration arising due to cation-锜?interaction is found to be 0.37 eV, which agrees well with recently reported theor. value. It is believed that this study will help to design isolated ion conductors for Li⁺-ion battery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of Arylglyoxylic Acids and Their Collision-Induced Dissociation was written by Wadhwa, Kuldeep;Yang, Chengxi;West, Paul R.;Deming, Kris C.;Chemburkar, Sanjay R.;Reddy, Rajarathnam E.. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2008.Recommanded Product: 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone This article mentions the following:

A variety of substituted arylglyoxylic acids (2a-g) were synthesized via oxidation of the corresponding aryl Me ketones (1a-e) using selenium dioxide or Friedel-Crafts acylation of phenol (3) with Et chlorooxoacetate and further transformations. It was found that the arylglyoxylic acids (2) undergo facile unimol. dissociation with loss of carbon monoxide to give the corresponding arylcarboxylic acids (7) under collisionally induced mass spectrometric conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8Recommanded Product: 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Recommanded Product: 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Oxidative modification of the cell wall in tomato plants exposed to ozone was written by Wiese, Cosima B.;Pell, Eva J.. And the article was included in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Paris, France) in 2003.Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

The goal of this research was to define the role of the cell wall in plant exposure to the atm. pollutant ozone (O₃). To determine if cell wall components are sensitive to oxidation, cell walls were isolated from tomato leaves (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Roma) and exposed to O₃ or pure oxygen. O₃ reduced the a wall-bound benzaldehyde isomer in extractive-free cell wall material thought to have limited enzymic activity. To determine if this oxidative modification also occurred in vivo, tomato plants were exposed to O₃ or filtered air, and the buffer soluble and alk. hydrolyzed (wall-bound) phenolic compounds were analyzed. Exposure to O₃ decreased the quantity of the wall-bound benzaldehyde isomer within 2-3 h of exposure, with a return to control levels by 5 h of exposure. Quantity of the benzaldehyde isomer in the control samples was unchanged throughout the experiment A glycoside of 5-hydroxyvanillic acid was detected in the buffer soluble fraction of O₃-treated samples at 3 h of exposure. Control and O₃-treated samples harvested at 5 h of exposure did not contain this compound Results show that cell wall phenolic compounds are sensitive to oxidative modification by plant exposure to O₃. A model illustrates the proposed signaling mechanism involving oxidative breakdown products from the cell wall as elicitor mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cytotoxic activity of alkaloids extracted from Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) against breast cancer cell line was written by Al-Sallami, Alaauldeen S. M.;Al-Labban, Zuhair Salih;Ali, Sanaa Mohemmed. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research in 2019.Computed Properties of C12H17NO2 This article mentions the following:

The present study was investigated to Screening for cytotoxic activity of total alkaloid extracts of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) against breast cancer cell line Ahmed-Mohammed-Nahi,2003 (AMN-3), AMJ-13 and normal cell line Rat Embryo Fibroblast (REF). The Trigonella foenum powders were extracted sep. with 80% Ethanol and total alkaloids separated at pH 2 and 10 with HCl and ammonia. Total alkaloids were detected qual. by Mayer閳ョ灚, Hager閳ョ灚, and Dragendorff閳ョ灚 reagents. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated by crystal violet assay. The results show that The extract of Trigonella foenum graecum had total alkaloid in extract about 1.7% resulting from getting 4.4 g of dry alkaloid extract from 252 g of dry powder of Trigonella foenum – graecum. The alkaloids reduced the cell viability of all cell lines AMN-3,AMJ-13 and REF, and the inhibitory concentration 50% of cells were 1029 娓璯/mL, 1069 娓璯/mL and 1724 娓璯/mL for AMN-3, AMJ13 and REF resp. Trigonella foenum alkaloids showed variable cytotoxic activity against cancer and normal cell lines depending on the alkaloid concentrations and cell line types. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Computed Properties of C12H17NO2).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Computed Properties of C12H17NO2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Isothermal Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of the Absorption Working Pairs (R1234ze(E) + NMP and R1234ze(E) + DMETrEG) at Temperatures from 293.15 to 353.15 K was written by Ye, Gongran;Fang, Yibo;Li, Yalun;Guo, Zhikai;Wang, Lin;Han, Xiaohong. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data in 2021.Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) was important for energy saving, which can be driven by low-grade energy. In this work, the mixtures of trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)) + N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and R1234ze(E) + triethylene glycol di-Me ether (DMETrEG) were considered as the promising new working fluids for ARS. The vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of R1234ze(E) + DMETrEG and R1234ze(E) + NMP binary mixtures were measured using a liquid-recirculation apparatus from 293.15 to 353.15 K. The VLE data were correlated by the five-parameter non-random two-liquid activity coefficient model, and the correlated results showed a good agreement with the exptl. VLE data. The average absolute relative deviation and maximum absolute relative deviation of the pressure were 1.70 and 5.11% for R1234ze(E) + NMP and 1.30 and 3.22% for R1234ze(E) + DMETrEG, resp. The two binary mixtures exhibited pos. deviations from Raoult’s law. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of TEG-Substituted 4-(N-Methyl-N-Boc-amino)styrylpyridine as Key Precursor for Monodentate and Multidentate Imaging Agents for A灏?Plaques was written by Li, Zhi;Liu, Bo;Duan, Wubiao;Zhu, Lin. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Triethylene glycol (TEG)-substituted 4-(N-methyl-N-Boc-amino)styrylpyridine, which can serve as key precursor for many monodentate and multidentate imaging agents for A灏?plaques in the human brain, has been readily synthesized with cheap starting materials. Our new method could be employed for mass production of monodentate imaging agent AV-45 (I) and other multidentate imaging agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol).

2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem