Month: February 2023

Dioxygen affinities and catalytic oxidation performance of unsymmetrical bis-Schiff base transition-metal complexes with aza-crown pendant groups was written by Wei, Xing-yue;Qin, Sheng-ying. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Research in 2008.Product Details of 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Co^II and Mn^III complexes with aza-crown substituted, unsym. bis-Schiff base ligands were synthesized starting from monoaza-15-crown-5 or benzo-10-aza-15-crown-5. The saturated oxygen uptake of the Co^II complexes [CoL¹]-[CoL⁴] in diethyleneglycol/dimethyl ether solution were determined at different temperatures The oxygenation constant (Ko₂) and thermodn. parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°) were calculated The Mn^III complexes ([MnL¹Cl]-[MnL⁴Cl]) were employed to catalyze styrene oxidation using mol. oxygen at ambient temperature and pressure. The modulation of O₂-binding capabilities and catalytic oxidation performance by the aza-crown ether pendant groups in [ML³] and [ML⁴] were studied as compared with the parent complexes [ML¹] and morpholino-substituted analog [ML²]. The dioxygen affinities and catalytic oxidation activities of [CoL³] and [CoL⁴] were much more enhanced by aza-crown pendants. Moreover, the O₂-binding capabilities of [CoL³] and [CoL⁴] were also improved by adding alkali metal cations (Li⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺) to the system, and adding Na⁺ shows the most significant enhancement of dioxygen affinities. Likewise, [MnL³Cl] and [MnL⁴Cl] exhibit the best catalytic activities: the conversion of styrene to benzaldehyde are up to 41.2% and 45.8% with >99% selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Product Details of 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Product Details of 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Straightforward synthesis of nonconjugated cyclohex-3-enone and conjugated 4-methylenecyclohex-2-enone derivatives was written by Kuttner, Julian R.;Warratz, Svenja;Hilt, Gerhard. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2012.Application of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of nonconjugated cyclohex-3-enones via the regiodivergent cobalt-catalyzed Diels-Alder reactions of 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)buta-1,3-diene with alkynes and hydrolysis of the dihydroarom. intermediates is described. The application of bidentate phosphine ligands vs. pyridine-imine ligands led to the regioselective formation of one out of the two possible regioisomeric products when terminal or unsym. substituted alkynes were applied. The cyclohex-3-enone products were isolated mostly in good yields without isomerization of the carbon-carbon double bond into conjugation based on the mild reaction conditions. The use of acetoxymethyl-substituted alkynes led to the conjugated 4-methylenecyclohex-2-enones after deprotection of the silyl enol ether. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Application of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A unified strategy for silver-, base-, and oxidant-free direct arylation of C-H bonds was written by Sahoo, Manoj K.;Midya, Siba P.;Landge, Vinod G.;Balaraman, Ekambaram. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2017.Formula: C12H17NO2 This article mentions the following:

Herein, a dual catalytic approach for room temperature direct arylation of C-H bonds with aryldiazonium salts as a simple aryl group donor, also working as an internal oxidant via C-N₂ bond cleavage is reported. This unified strategy has been achieved by the synergistic combination of visible-light metal-free photoredox and palladium catalysis under silver-, base- and/or additive-free conditions. The broad substrate scope, functional group tolerance, excellent regioselectivity and redox-neutral conditions of this process make it attractive for the effective synthesis of a wide range of important N-heterocyclic commodities such as dibenzo[b,d]azepine, carbazole and phenanthridine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Formula: C12H17NO2).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Formula: C12H17NO2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bismuth(III)-mandelate/DMSO: a new oxidizing system for the catalyzed carbon-carbon cleavage of epoxides was written by Zevaco, Thomas;Dunach, Elisabet;Postel, Michele. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1993.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

Bi(III)-mandelate was found to be an effective catalyst for the oxidative C-C bond cleavage of epoxides and their transformation into carboxylic acids in anhydrous DMSO medium. Thus, 1,7-octadiene 1,2-oxide (I) was treated with the title catalyst in Me₂SO at 90° for 24 h to give 50% CH₂:CH(CH₂)₄CO₂H. Similar treatment of styrene oxide at 75° for 22 h gave 60% PhCO₂H. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Chemotaxonomic potential of exocrine alkyl esters in julid millipedes (Diplopoda: Julidae: Cylindroiulini) was written by Bodner, Michaela;Vagalinski, Boyan;Raspotnig, Guenther. And the article was included in Biochemical Systematics and Ecology in 2018.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

There are numerous chemotaxonomic studies on arthropods, but such are largely missing for millipedes. This appears curious since particularly in millipedes, the major taxa are clearly distinctive by different exocrine products, such as alkaloids (Glomerida), terpenoids (Polyzoniida), phenolics and cyanogens (Polydesmida), and benzoquinones (Juliformia). However, there is low within-taxon variation of the chems. mentioned which – in almost invariable blends – characterize the particular taxa. The Julida, for instance, one of the three orders of Juliformia, typically produce uniformly composed benzoquinonic secretion profiles across most species, not showing enough heterogeneity for chemotaxonomy. Recently, however, a new class of julid exocrine products, namely complex bends of alkyl esters has been reported. We here tested the chemotaxonomic potential of these compounds by performing a comprehensive study on alkyl esters across the julid tribe Cylindroiulini. Exocrine secretions of 20 species from all five cylindroiuline genera (Allajulus, Cylindroiulus, Enantiulus, Kryphioiulus, Styrioiulus) were analyzed by gas chromatog. – mass spectrometry. Apart from typical benzoquinones, 33 alkyl esters and 1 alkenyl ester belonging to hexyl-, octyl-, octenyl- and nonyl-esters with saturated and mono-unsaturated acid moieties ranging from C₁₃ – C₁₈ were detected. Only two species (Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus and C. luridus) exhibited no esters at all. Ester profiles appeared to be specific, indicating five major chem. groups in cylindroiulines, characterized by specific ester arrangements. We here provide evidence for (i) the widespread occurrence of alkyl esters in the Julidae, (ii) their high specificity, (iii) their intra-species stability, (iv) along with sufficient inter-species variability, rendering them promising novel tools for millipede chemotaxonomy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Preparation and Application of Aza-15-crown-5-capped Methylcalix[4]resorcinarene-Bonded Silica Particles for Use as Chiral Stationary Phase in HPLC was written by Ma, Mingxuan;Wei, Qunli;Meng, Min;Yin, Jiale;Shan, Yu;Du, Lei;Zhu, Xia;Soh, Shu Fang;Min, Mengjun;Zhou, Xueyan;Yin, Xiaoxing;Gong, Yinhan. And the article was included in Chromatographia in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Aza-15-crown-5-capped (3-(C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-propylsilyl (MCR-HP)-appended silica particles (15C5-MCR-HPS), a new type of substituted C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene (MCR)-bonded chiral stationary phase (CSP) for high-performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC), have been synthesized by reaction of bromoacetate-substituted MCR-HPS with excessive aza-15-crown-5 in anhydrous acetonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate. The bonded phase 15C5-MCR-HPS is characterized by elemental anal. and further evaluated by separating several disubstituted benzenes and some chiral drug compounds in HPLC. The new CSP has a chiral selector with two recognition sites: 15-crown-5 and MCR-HP, which can provide cooperative multiple interactions with solutes to enhance chiral recognition and to improve chromatog. separation The chromatog. evaluation results show that 15C5-MCR-HPS has excellent selectivity for the separation of aromatic positional isomers and enantiomers of some chiral compounds under multiple-mode mobile phase conditions including normal phase, reversed phase, and polar organic mobile phase conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tandem catalytic oxidative deacetylation of acetoacetic esters and heteroaromatic cyclizations was written by Ju, Yeming;Miao, Di;Yu, Ruiyang;Koo, Sangho. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2015.Computed Properties of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

One pot syntheses of furan, thiophene, and pyrrole were accomplished by oxidative deacetylation using Mn(III)/Co(II) catalysts and the Paal-Knorr reaction from 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds, which are prepared from the conjugate addition of Et acetoacetate to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds The oxidative deacetylation and reductive cyclization of β-ketoesters derived from Et acetoacetate and o-nitrobenzyl bromides efficiently produced diversely substituted indoles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Computed Properties of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Computed Properties of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Spectral characterization of coumarins and cinnamic acids was written by Mendez, Jesus;Lojo, M. I.. And the article was included in Microchemical Journal in 1969.Formula: C11H12O4 This article mentions the following:

The wavelengths of maximum absorption (in the range 220-450 nm) are given for 6-hydroxy-, 4-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy -, 6-hydroxy-7-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-, 6-methoxy-7-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-, 6-methoxy-7-[(6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-, 7,8-dihydroxy-, 7-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-8-hydroxy-coumarin, dihydroxy- and dimethoxycinnamic acids, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, Me 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate, and 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxycinnamic acid in MeOH and in MeOH solutions containing NaOAc, H3BO3, AlCl3, NaBH4, and NaOH. A structural correlation for the spectral data was obtained only for the 5 coumarins naturally occurring in plants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Formula: C11H12O4).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Formula: C11H12O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

1,2,3-Benzotrianzin-4-ones and related systems. II. Thermolytic decomposition of substituted 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-ones and isatoic anhydrides was written by Archer, John G.;Barker, Alan J.;Smalley, Robert K.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) in 1973.HPLC of Formula: 5367-32-8 This article mentions the following:

Thermolysis of substituted 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-ones gave 2-(2-amino- phenyl)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones. Thus, 7-chloro-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one (I) gave 2-(2-amino-4-chloro- phenyl)-7-chloro-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one (II). Substituted isatoic anhydrides behaved similarly. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8HPLC of Formula: 5367-32-8).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.HPLC of Formula: 5367-32-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Toward practical issues: Identification and mitigation of the impurity effect in glyme solvents on the reversibility of Mg plating/stripping in Mg batteries was written by Yang, Zhenzhen;Yang, Mengxi;Hahn, Nathan T.;Connell, Justin;Bloom, Ira;Liao, Chen;Ingram, Brian J.;Trahey, Lynn. And the article was included in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) in 2022.Quality Control of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

Reversible electrochem. magnesium plating/stripping processes are important for the development of high-energy-d. Mg batteries based on Mg anodes. Ether glyme solutions such as monoglyme (G1), diglyme (G2), and triglyme (G3) with the MgTFSI2 salt are one of the conventional and commonly used electrolytes that can obtain the reversible behavior of Mg electrodes. However, the electrolyte cathodic efficiency is argued to be limited due to the enormous parasitic reductive decomposition and passivation, which is governed by impurities. In this work, a systematic identification of the impurities in these systems and their effect on the Mg deposition-dissolution processes is reported. The mitigation methods generally used for eliminating impurities are evaluated, and their beneficial effects on the improved reactivity are also discussed. By comparing the performances, we proposed a necessary conditioning protocol that can be easy to handle and much safer toward the practical application of MgTFSI2/glyme electrolytes containing impurities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Quality Control of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Quality Control of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem