Month: February 2023

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Vinylene Carbonate Annulation by C-H/N-H Functionalizations: Step-Economical Access to Indoles was written by Yu, Yao;Wang, Yang;Li, Bo;Tan, Yuqiang;Zhao, Huan;Li, Zheyu;Zhang, Chunran;Ma, Wenbo. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2022.Formula: C12H17NO2 This article mentions the following:

A convenient and effective method of ruthenium-catalyzed C-H/N-H annulations using vinylene carbonate as oxidizing acetylene surrogate has been disclosed. This method is scalable and compatible with a wide range of functional groups, providing a step-economical access to indoles I (R = H, 5-Me, 7-Ph, 6-Br, etc.) and preliminary mechanistic studies provided support for a reversible, acetate-assisted C-H ruthenation, along with a subsequent olefin insertion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Formula: C12H17NO2).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Formula: C12H17NO2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Intra-injector formation of methyl esters from phenoxy acid pesticides was written by Brondz, Ilia;Olsen, Ingar. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography in 1992.Quality Control of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Trimethylanilinium hydroxide was used as a derivatization agent for a broad range of phenoxy acids. Derivatization took place inside the injector immediately before gas chromatog. anal., thereby minimizing the chance of exposing the operator to trimethylanilinium hydroxide. The reproducibility and sensitivity of the derivatization procedure were high. Maximum sensitivity for 19 phenoxy acids was 0.1-0.3 ppm. Derivatization was quant. and did not produce byproducts. The procedure required a min. of time and effort compared with other derivatization methods in current use and is recommended for routine determinations of phenoxy acids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Quality Control of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Quality Control of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The drastic effect of cobalt and chromium catalysts in the borylation of arylzinc reagents was written by Komeyama, Kimihiro;Kiguchi, Shinnosuke;Takaki, Ken. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2016.Application In Synthesis of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

A new synthetic approach to arylboronic esters from arylzinc reagents with boryl electrophiles MeOB(OR)₂ was developed. Also, this protocol could be applied to the cyclization/borylation of alkynylaryl iodides to afford cyclized vinylboronic esters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Application In Synthesis of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

SAR studies on 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles as inhibitors of Mtb shikimate dehydrogenase for the development of novel antitubercular agents was written by Li, Ziqiang;Liu, Yishuang;Bai, Xiaoguang;Deng, Qi;Wang, Juxian;Zhang, Guoning;Xiao, Chunling;Mei, Yaning;Wang, Yucheng. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2015.Related Products of 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

Shikimate dehydrogenase, an essential protein for the biosynthesis of the chorismate end product, is a highly promising therapeutic target, especially for the discovery and development of new-generation anti-TB agents. Following up the identification of one lead 3,6-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole (1), targeting Mt SD in our previous study, an extensive SAR study for optimization of the lead compound was performed through systematic modification of the 3 and 6 positions. This study has successfully led to the discovery of two highly potent advanced leads 6d-4, 6c-4 and several other compounds with comparable potencies (6d-4, MIC-H37Rv = 0.5 μg mL^-1; MIC-MDRTB = 4.0 μg mL^-1; MIC-RDRTB = 0.5 μg mL^-1; Mt SD-IC50 = 14.20 μg mL^-1; and 6c-4, MIC-H37Rv = 0.5 μg mL^-1; MIC-MDRTB = 4.0 μg mL^-1; MIC-RDRTB = 1.0 μg mL^-1; Mt SD-IC50 = 6.82 μg mL^-1). These advanced lead compounds possess a para-halogen Ph at the 3 position. In vitro Mt SD inhibitory assay indicates that Mt SD is the target for their antitubercular activity. Moreover, the BacT/ALERT 3D liquid culture technol. and in vitro Mt SD inhibitory assay were initially applied. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Related Products of 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Related Products of 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Selective Three-Component 1,2-Aminoalkoxylation of 1-Aryl-1,3-dienes by Dual Photoredox and Copper Catalysis was written by Wu, Ya-Li;Jiang, Min;Rao, Li;Cheng, Ying;Xiao, Wen-Jing;Chen, Jia-Rong. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Product Details of 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

A three-component 1,2-aminooxygenation reaction of 1,3-dienes by dual photoredox and copper catalysis was described. This protocol uses N-aminopyridinium salts as N-centered radical precursors and nucleophilic alcs. as oxygen sources, providing modular and practical access to 1,2-aminoalkoxylation products with good yields and regioselectivity. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the radical property of the reaction and the involvement of N-centered radical intermediates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Product Details of 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Product Details of 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Mild and efficient synthesis of indoles and isoquinolones via a nickel-catalyzed Larock-type heteroannulation reaction was written by Weng, Wei-Zhi;Xie, Jian;Zhang, Bo. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2018.Application of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

A simple and efficient approach for the preparation of substituted indoles and isoquinolones via a nickel-catalyzed Larock-type heteroannulation reaction is reported. This transformation employed air-stable and inexpensive Ni(dppp)Cl₂ as a precatalyst and Et₃N as a mild base. Moreover, the reaction occurs efficiently under mild conditions, and a wide range of substituted indoles and isoquinolones bearing various functional groups are obtained in moderate to excellent yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Application of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Application of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Correlation between Macroscopic Diffusion Rates and Microscopic Interactions in Ethylene Glycol-Based Solvents was written by Nagumo, Ryo;Omori, Kohei;Muraki, Yukihiro;Iwata, Shuichi;Mori, Hideki;Yamada, Hidetaka. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2021.Electric Literature of C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

An evaluation of mol. interactions is important for estimating macroscopic properties, such as solubility and diffusivity. In this study, for several types of ethylene glycol-based absorbents, we discuss the correlation between a macroscopic property (mol. diffusivity) and a microscopic criterion (residence time) using mol. dynamics simulations for pure solvent systems and CO₂-loaded solvent systems. The neg. correlations between the diffusivity and the residence time can be divided into categories, depending on the number of constituent hydroxy groups of the solvent mols. The disparity between the categories arises from whether hydrogen bonding can be formed between the solvent mols. This study leads to the systematic estimation of the mol. diffusivity from the theor. prediction of the residence time. We believe that the residence time is suitable as a criterion to evaluate macroscopic properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Electric Literature of C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Electric Literature of C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

New antitumor compounds from Carya cathayensis was written by Wu, Wei;Bi, Xiu-Li;Cao, Jia-Qing;Zhang, Kai-Qing;Zhao, Yu-Qing. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2012.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A new lignan (7R,8S,8’R)-4,4′,9-trihydroxy-7,9′-epoxy-8,8′-lignan, and three new phenolics, carayensin-A, carayensin-B, and carayensin-C, together with 13 known compounds were isolated from the shells of Carya cathayensis. Their chem. structures were established mainly by 1D and 2D NMR techniques and mass spectrometry. All the compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against several human tumor types including human colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HT-29), human lung cancer cell line (A549), and human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The compounds 1, 5, 6, and 16 are considered to be potential as antitumor agents, which could significantly inhibit the cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Spin-Center Shift-Enabled Direct Enantioselective α-Benzylation of Aldehydes with Alcohols was written by Nacsa, Eric D.;MacMillan, David W. C.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2018.COA of Formula: C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

Nature routinely engages alcs. as leaving groups, as DNA biosynthesis relies on the removal of water from ribonucleoside diphosphates by a radical-mediated “spin-center shift” (SCS) mechanism. Alcs., however, remain underused as alkylating agents in synthetic chem. due to their low reactivity in two-electron pathways. We report herein an enantioselective α-benzylation of aldehydes using alcs. as alkylating agents based on the mechanistic principle of spin-center shift. This strategy harnesses the dual activation modes of photoredox and organocatalysis, engaging the alc. by SCS and capturing the resulting benzylic radical with a catalytically generated enamine. Mechanistic studies provide evidence for SCS as a key elementary step, identify the origins of competing reactions, and enable improvements in chemoselectivity by rational photocatalyst design. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3COA of Formula: C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.COA of Formula: C11H16O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Characterization of the Local Volume Probed by the Side-Chain Ends of Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) 1-Pyrenemethyl ether methacrylate) Bottle Brushes in Solution Using Pyrene Excimer Fluorescence was written by Thoma, Janine L.;Duhamel, Jean. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.Recommanded Product: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Four poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) 1-pyrenemethyl ether methacrylate) [P(PyEG_yMA), with y = 3, 5, 8, and 12] samples were synthesized, where each side chain was terminated with a 1-pyrenemethoxy derivative The efficiency of excimer formation between an excited-state pyrene and a ground-state pyrene was used to assess the conformation of the PyEG_y side chains in these polymeric bottle brushes by conducting time-resolved fluorescence measurements in THF (THF), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dioxane, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). These experiments took advantage of the dependency of the average rate constant 〈kã€?of pyrene excimer formation (PEF) on the local pyrene concentration [Py]_loc experienced by an excited pyrene bound to the P(PyEG_yMA) samples. [Py]_loc could be estimated theor. by assuming that the EG_y side chains adopted a Gaussian conformation. Linear plots of 〈kã€?f_diff as a function of [Py]_loc, where f_diff is the molar fraction of pyrenyl labels forming excimers by diffusion and was introduced to account for residual pyrene aggregation, were obtained in all four solvents, with slopes that depended on solvent viscosity and the probability of PEF upon the diffusive encounter between two pyrenyl labels. Solvent-induced differences in PEF efficiency could be accounted for by determining the bimol. rate constant k_diff[inter] for intermol. PEF with the model compound 1-pyrenemethyl diethylene glycol Me ether in the four solvents. Except for DMSO, which was too polar and led to the segregation of the pyrenyl labels close to the polymethacrylate backbone, the data obtained for all P(PyEG_yMA) samples in THF, DMF, and dioxane collapsed on a master line, similar to the one obtained earlier with a series of pyrene-labeled dendrons, when plotting 〈kã€?(f_diff x k_diff[inter])-vs-[Py]_loc. The 〈kã€?(f_diff x k_diff[inter])-vs-[Py]_loc master line confirmed the direct relationship that exists between the PEF efficiency and [Py]_loc, a relationship that could be used to probe the conformation of highly branched macromols. in solution In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Recommanded Product: 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Recommanded Product: 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem