Month: February 2023

Unveiling Extreme Photoreduction Potentials of Donor-Acceptor Cyanoarenes to Access Aryl Radicals from Aryl Chlorides was written by Xu, Jinhui;Cao, Jilei;Wu, Xiangyang;Wang, Han;Yang, Xiaona;Tang, Xinxin;Toh, Ren Wei;Zhou, Rong;Yeow, Edwin K. L.;Wu, Jie. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2021.Quality Control of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

Since the seminal work of Zhang in 2016, donor-acceptor cyanoarene-based fluorophores, such as 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN), have been widely applied in photoredox catalysis and used as excellent metal-free alternatives to noble metal Ir- and Ru-based photocatalysts. However, all the reported photoredox reactions involving this chromophore family are based on harnessing the energy from a single visible light photon, with a limited range of redox potentials from -1.92 to +1.79 V vs SCE. Here, we document the unprecedented discovery that this family of fluorophores can undergo consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (ConPET) to achieve very high reduction potentials. One of the newly synthesized catalysts, 2,4,5-tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-6-(ethyl(phenyl)amino)isophthalonitrile (3CzEPAIPN), possesses a long-lived (12.95 ns) excited radical anion form, 3CzEPAIPN^閳?*, which can be used to activate reductively recalcitrant aryl chlorides (E_red 閳?-1.9 to -2.9 V vs SCE) under mild conditions. The resultant aryl radicals can be engaged in synthetically valuable aromatic C-B, C-P, and C-C bond formation to furnish arylboronates, arylphosphonium salts, arylphosphonates, and spirocyclic cyclohexadienes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Quality Control of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Quality Control of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Assessing the mixture effects in in vitro bioassays of chemicals occurring in small agricultural streams during rain events was written by Neale, Peta A.;Braun, Georg;Brack, Werner;Carmona, Eric;Gunold, Roman;Konig, Maria;Krauss, Martin;Liebmann, Liana;Liess, Matthias;Link, Moritz;Schafer, Ralf B.;Schlichting, Rita;Schreiner, Verena C.;Schulze, Tobias;Vormeier, Philipp;Weisner, Oliver;Escher, Beate I.. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2020.Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

Rain events may impact the chem. pollution burden in rivers. Forty-four small streams in Germany were profiled during several rain events for the presence of 395 chems. and five types of mixture effects in in vitro bioassays (cytotoxicity; activation of the estrogen, aryl hydrocarbon, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; and oxidative stress response). While these streams were selected to cover a wide range of agricultural impacts, in addition to the expected pesticides, wastewater-derived chems. and chems. typical for street runoff were detected. The unexpectedly high estrogenic effects in many samples indicated the impact by wastewater or overflow of combined sewer systems. The 128 water samples exhibited a high diversity of chem. and effect patterns, even for different rain events at the same site. The detected 290 chems. explained only a small fraction (<8%) of the measured effects. The exptl. effects of the designed mixtures of detected chems. that were expected to dominate the mixture effects of detected chems. were consistent with predictions for concentration addition within a factor of two for 94% of the mixtures Overall, the burden of chems. and effects was much higher than that previously detected in surface water during dry weather, with the effects often exceeding proposed effect-based trigger values. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Systematic assessment of working fluid mixtures for absorption refrigeration based on techno-economic, environmental, health and safety performance was written by Papadopoulos, Athanasios I.;Gkouletsos, Dimitris;Champilomatis, Vassilis;Giannakakis, Alexandros;Kousidis, Vergis;Hassan, Ibrahim;Seferlis, Panos. And the article was included in Energy Conversion and Management in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

Absorption refrigeration is a promising technol. for the replacement of vapor compression systems. Few, conventional mixtures of organic components have been evaluated to date as working fluids using mainly operating performance indicators. The aim of this work is to evaluate 75 working fluid mixtures, including 18 novel options as candidates for single-effect absorption refrigeration processes. Multiple performance indicators are considered such as coefficient of performance, exergy efficiency, high cycle pressure, distillate-to-feed ratio and number of stages in the rectifier, mass flowrates, process economics and safety, health and environmental properties of fluids. The evaluation is performed within a systematic, stage-wise approach, which employs multi-criteria anal. It is observed that mixtures of acetaldehyde with DMF or methylpyrolidone exhibit up to 40% and 22% lower costs per ton of cooling compared to ammonia-water and water-lithium bromide. The same mixtures also outperform or match the coefficient of performance of ammonia-water. Propionaldehyde and Me formate with the same absorbents are also competitive options in smaller scale processes, while they exhibit better health, safety and environmental properties than acetaldehyde. The new mixtures are of equivalent or better safety, health and environmental performance than other well-known refrigerants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Application In Synthesis of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O閳ユ椊 or N閳ユ椊 bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Application In Synthesis of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Viscosity of 2-ethylhexan-1-amine (EHA)-diglyme, EHA-triglyme and EHA-tetraglyme non-aqueous solutions and its effect on initial absorption rate was written by Fu, Kun;Zhang, Pan;Wang, Lemeng;Huang, Xiayu;Fu, Dong. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2020.Product Details of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

The viscosities (鐣? of 2-ethylhexan-1-amine (EHA), diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme and EHA-diglyme/triglyme/tetraglyme non-aqueous solutions were measured by using the NDJ-5S rotational viscometer at 101 kPa. The temperatures (T) ranged from 303.2 K to 323.2 K. The mass fractions of EHA (w_EHA) ranged from 0.100 to 0.900. The viscosity was modeled and the calculated results agreed well with the experiments The effects of w_EHA and T on viscosity were demonstrated on the basis of experiments and calculations The initial absorption rates of CO₂ (r) in EHA-diglyme/triglyme/tetraglyme non-aqueous solutions were measured, and the effects of viscosity, absorbent concentration and absorption rate constant of CO₂ (k) on initial absorption rates were demonstrated. Our research shows that in the temperature range of 303.2 K to 323.2 K, the proposed three non-aqueous absorbents have small solution viscosities (<3 mPa.s), which is beneficial to the mass transfer of CO₂ absorption and the initial absorption rate. Thus the proposed non-aqueous absorbents have good application potential in the field of CO₂ capture process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Product Details of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Product Details of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Optical studies on coumarins. II. Ultraviolet absorption of monohydroxycoumarins and derivatives was written by Bohme, Horst;Severin, Theodor. And the article was included in Archiv der Pharmazie und Berichte der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft in 1957.Application In Synthesis of 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid This article mentions the following:

In comparative studies of 4 monohydroxycoumarins, the longwave absorption bands were found to be moved bathochromically by introduction of a hydroxy group in the 6 or 7 position, while the corresponding maximum of 5-and 8-hydroxycoumarins lies at shorter wave lengths. As with coumarin itself 3 bands appear with 5-, 6-, and 8-hydroxycoumarin. 7-Hydroxycoumarin does not produce the medial bands with an inflection at 240 m娓? Dihydroxy-trans-cinnamic acids are optically very similar to their methylated derivatives, but big differences were noted between hydroxycoumarins and dimethoxy-cis-cinnamic acids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Application In Synthesis of 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Application In Synthesis of 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Scalable, Divergent Synthesis of a High Aspect Ratio Carbon Nanobelt was written by Bergman, Harrison M.;Kiel, Gavin R.;Handford, Rex C.;Liu, Yi;Tilley, T. Don. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2021.Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Carbon nanobelts are mols. of high fundamental and technol. interest due to their structural similarity to carbon nanotubes, of which they are mol. cutouts. Despite this attention, synthetic accessibility is a major obstacle, such that the few known strategies offer limited structural diversity, functionality, and scalability. To address this bottleneck, we have developed a new strategy that utilizes highly fused monomer units constructed via a site-selective [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition and a high-yielding zirconocene-mediated macrocyclization to achieve the synthesis of a new carbon nanobelt on large scale with the introduction of functional handles in the penultimate step. This nanobelt represents a diagonal cross section of an armchair carbon nanotube and consequently has a longitudinally extended structure with an aspect ratio of 1.6, the highest of any reported nanobelt. This elongated structure promotes solid-state packing into aligned columns that mimic the parent carbon nanotube and facilitates unprecedented host-guest chem. with oligo-arylene guests in nonpolar solvents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Formula: C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O閳ユ椊 or N閳ユ椊 bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Formula: C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A Meta-Selective Copper-Catalyzed C-H Bond Arylation was written by Phipps, Robert J.;Gaunt, Matthew J.. And the article was included in Science (Washington, DC, United States) in 2009.Electric Literature of C12H17NO2 This article mentions the following:

For over a century, chem. transformations of benzene derivatives were guided by the high selectivity for electrophilic attack at the ortho/para positions in electron-rich substrates and at the meta position in electron-deficient mols. The authors have developed a copper-catalyzed arylation reaction that, in contrast, selectively substitutes Ph electrophiles at the aromatic carbon-hydrogen sites meta to an amido substituent. This previously elusive class of transformation is applicable to a broad range of aromatic compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Electric Literature of C12H17NO2).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Electric Literature of C12H17NO2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Highly chemoselective acylation of substituted aminophenols with 3-(trimethylacetyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione was written by Dai, Wei-Min;Cheung, Yuk King;Tang, Kit Wan;Choi, Pui Yiu;Chung, Suet Lam. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 1995.Recommanded Product: 56619-93-3 This article mentions the following:

A general procedure for chemoselective acylation of substituted aminophenols has been developed. The N-acylated products were prepared in 70-100% yield by treating the aminophenols with 3-(trimethylacetyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione (1) in refluxing THF. The pivalate esters of 3- and 4-aminophenols could be obtained in 70-94% yield by treating with 1 and NaH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Recommanded Product: 56619-93-3).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Recommanded Product: 56619-93-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Biomembrane lipids as components of chromatographic phases: comparative chromatography on coated and bonded phases was written by Hanna, M.;De Biasi, V.;Bond, B.;Camilleri, P.;Hutt, A. J.. And the article was included in Chromatographia in 2000.SDS of cas: 5367-32-8 This article mentions the following:

Preparation of biomembrane lipid based stationary phases has been achieved by recycling 1 mM solutions of the appropriate lipid (soybean lecithin phosphatidylcholine, SLPC; phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylserine) in methanol: water (80:20 volume/volume) through reversed-phase (C8) HPLC columns for 18 h at 0.25 mL min^-1. The chromatog. characteristics (retention, peak symmetry and reproducibility and phase stability) have been assessed and compared with two com. available bonded Immobilized Artificial Membrane (IAM) phases (IAM.PC.MG and IAM.PC.DD) by examination of the retention properties of a range of structurally diverse analytes (n = 119). The application of the SLPC phase for prediction of analyte lipophilicity (log Poctanol/water) is shown to be comparable to the IAM.PC.MG and superior to the IAM.PC.DD bonded phases. Cross-phase comparison of analyte retention characteristics on four different lipid phases indicate that such phases may provide a rapid evaluation of analyte-lipid interactions. The dynamic coating methodol. is economically viable for the small laboratory, rapid and reproducible, resulting in phase surfaces which are stable over longer periods of time than those of the com. available bonded phases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8SDS of cas: 5367-32-8).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O閳ユ椊 or N閳ユ椊 bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.SDS of cas: 5367-32-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Kinetics of oxidation of phenoxyacetic acids by pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide was written by Karunakaran, K.;Elango, K. P.. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry in 1996.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

The oxidation of several monosubstituted phenoxyacetic acids by pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide (PHPB) was studied in aqueous acetic acid. The reaction is first order with respect to PHPB. Michaelis-Menten-type kinetics are observed with respect to phenoxyacetic acids. The oxidation of [2,2-²H₂]phenoxyacetic acid exhibits a substantial kinetic isotopic effect. The effect of solvent composition indicates that the transition state is more polar than the reactants. The formation constants of the intermediate phenoxyacetic acid-PHPB complexes and the rates of their decomposition were determined at different temperatures The rates of oxidation of para- and meta-substituted phenoxyacetic acids were correlated with Hammett’s substituent constants The 锜?value is -2璺?9 at 35鎺? The rates of oxidation of ortho-substituted compounds are correlated with Charton’s triparametric equation. A mechanism involving transfer of a hydride ion from the substrate to the oxidant is proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem