Author: Jessica.F

Step- and atom-economical synthesis of 2-aryl benzimidazoles via the sulfur-mediated redox condensation between o-nitroanilines and aryl methanols was written by Le, Huy X.;Nguyen, Khoa D.;Phan, Nam T. S.;Le, Ha V.;Nguyen, Tung T.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2022.Name: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

2-Nitroanilines and arylmethanols were used in the preparation of 2-aryl benzimidazoles I [R = 6-Me, 4-Me, etc.; R¹ = Ph, 4-ClC₆H₄, etc.] in the presence of elemental sulfur and an amine. Mechanistic results indicated a dual role of sulfur as both oxidizing and reducing agents in this synthetic pathway. A variety of benzimidiazoles containing halogens, as well as trifluoromethyl, methoxy, and cyano groups, plus heterocycles were prepared in moderate-to-good yields. The utilization of more stable and available substrates in the absence of transition metals and other solvents offers a rapid and green synthesis of benzimidazoles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Name: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Name: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of activated carbons derived from avocado shells as cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries was written by Fawaz, Wissam;Mosavati, Negar;Abdelhamid, Ehab;Simon Ng, K. Y.. And the article was included in SN Applied Sciences in 2019.Related Products of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Novel mesoporous carbon cathode material for Lithium-Sulfur battery were successfully synthesized from the shells of the avocado fruit. The crystalline structure of the formed carbon was characterized via X-Ray diffraction while SEM was used to observe the morphol. The electronic conductivity was determined as a function of pressure and the COOH functional group were quantified via a titration The mesoporous structure of the formed carbon network allows for good sulfur penetration which is translated by decent electrochem. performance both in terms of cycle life and rate capability. Carbons prepared from waste avocado shells and functionalized with HNO₃ offer a good performance in terms of capacity retention (500 mAh/g of sulfur after 100 cycles). This favorable performance may be attributed to the role of functional COOH groups on the surface of the activated carbon. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Related Products of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Related Products of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rhodium Nanoflowers Stabilized by a Nitrogen-Rich PEG-Tagged Substrate as Recyclable Catalyst for the Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of Internal Alkynes was written by Guo, Wusheng;Pleixats, Roser;Shafir, Alexandr;Parella, Teodor. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2015.SDS of cas: 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

Morphol. and size controllable Rh nanoparticles stabilized by a N-rich polyoxyethylenated derivative were prepared by reduction of RhCl₃ with NaBH₄ in H₂O at room temperature and fully characterized. The flower-like Rh NPs are effective and recyclable catalysts for the stereoselective hydrosilylation of challenging internal alkynes and diynes, affording the (E)-vinylsilanes in quant. yields for a wide range of substrates. The insolubility of the nanocatalyst in Et₂O allows its easy separation and recycling. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8SDS of cas: 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.SDS of cas: 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones catalyzed using an aminophosphinite POCN^H pincer complex of Ni(II) was written by Segizbayev, Medet;Oztopcu, Ozgur;Hayrapetyan, Davit;Shakhman, Dinmukhamed;Lyssenko, Konstantin A.;Khalimon, Andrey Y.. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2020.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The aminophosphinite pincer complex (POCNH)NiBr was found to effectively catalyze the transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes RCHO (R = Ph, thiophen-2-yl, 3-methoxyphenyl, etc.) and ketones R¹C(O)R² (R¹ = Et, Ph, 2-methoxypyridin-6-yl, etc.; R² = Me, Ph, 2-phenylethyl, Et; R¹R² = -(CH₂)₅-) with 2-propanol and KOtBu as a base, presenting a rare example of bifunctional nickel transfer hydrogenation catalysts. The transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones was found to be selective, tolerating a wide range of other functional groups, including those prone to reduction such as esters, amides, alkenes, pyridines, and nitriles. The reactions were suggested to proceed via the metal-ligand cooperative mechanism with an intermediacy of an amido (POCN)NiII species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 63071-12-5Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

(6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 63071-12-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Cyclophilins Block Opening of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore and Protect Mice From Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury was written by Panel, Mathieu;Ruiz, Isaac;Brillet, Rozenn;Lafdil, Fouad;Teixeira-Clerc, Fatima;Nguyen, Cong Trung;Calderaro, Julien;Gelin, Muriel;Allemand, Fred;Guichou, Jean-Francois;Ghaleh, Bijan;Ahmed-Belkacem, Abdelhakim;Morin, Didier;Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel. And the article was included in Gastroenterology in 2019.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury is a complication of liver surgery that involves mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Cyclophilin D (PPIF or CypD) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase that regulates mPTP opening in the inner mitochondrial membrane. We investigated whether and how recently created small-mol. inhibitors of CypD prevent opening of the mPTP in hepatocytes and the resulting effects in cell models and livers of mice undergoing ischemia/reperfusion injury. We measured the activity of 9 small-mol. inhibitors of cyclophilins in an assay of CypD activity. The effects of the small-mol. CypD inhibitors or vehicle on mPTP opening were assessed by measuring mitochondrial swelling and calcium retention in isolated liver mitochondria from C57BL/6J (wild-type) and Ppif-/- (CypD knockout) mice and in primary mouse and human hepatocytes by fluorescence microscopy. We induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in livers of mice given a small-mol. CypD inhibitor or vehicle before and during reperfusion and collected samples of blood and liver for histol. anal. The compounds inhibited peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration values, 0.2-16.2 μmol/L) and, as a result, calcium-induced mitochondrial swelling, by preventing mPTP opening (half maximal inhibitory concentration values, 1.4-132 μmol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner. The most potent inhibitor (C31) bound CypD with high affinity and inhibited swelling in mitochondria from livers of wild-type and Ppif-/- mice (indicating an addnl., CypD-independent effect on mPTP opening) and in primary human and mouse hepatocytes. Administration of C31 in mice with ischemia/reperfusion injury before and during reperfusion restored hepatic calcium retention capacity and oxidative phosphorylation parameters and reduced liver damage compared with vehicle. Recently created small-mol. inhibitors of CypD reduced calcium-induced swelling in mitochondria from mouse and human liver tissues. Administration of these compounds to mice during ischemia/reperfusion restored hepatic calcium retention capacity and oxidative phosphorylation parameters and reduced liver damage. These compounds might be developed to protect patients from ischemia/reperfusion injury after liver surgery or for other hepatic or nonhepatic disorders related to abnormal mPTP opening. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

H₂-Free Selective Dehydroxymethylation of Primary Alcohols over Palladium Nanoparticle Catalysts was written by Yamaguchi, Sho;Kondo, Hiroki;Uesugi, Kohei;Sakoda, Katsumasa;Jitsukawa, Koichiro;Mitsudome, Takato;Mizugaki, Tomoo. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2021.Related Products of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

In this study, a novel, highly efficient, and reusable heterogeneous catalyst system was established for the H₂-free dehydroxymethylation of primary alcs. RCH₂OH (R = nonyl, Ph, pyridin-2-yl, oxolan-2-yl, etc.) using cerium oxide-supported palladium nanoparticles (Pd/CeO₂). A wide range of aliphatic and aromatic alcs. including biomass-derived alcs. was converted into the corresponding one-carbon shorter hydrocarbons RH in high yields in the absence of any additives, accompanied by the production of H₂ and CO. Pd/CeO₂ was easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused, retaining its high activity, thus providing a simple and sustainable methodol. to produce hydrocarbon fuels from biomass-derived oxygenates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Related Products of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Related Products of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

CO₂ Fixation by Dual-Function Cu(triNHC) Catalysts as a Route to Carbonates and Carbamates via α-Alkylidene Carbonates was written by Seo, Changhyeon;Kim, Seong Eon;Kim, Hyunjin;Jang, Hye-Young. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

This study employed dual-functional Cu(triNHC) (triNHC = tri-N-heterocyclic carbene) catalysts for the efficient coupling of CO₂ with alcs. and amines to form various carbonates and carbamates with good yields. The direct synthesis of carbonates and carbamates from CO₂ was realized by the Cu(triNHC)-catalyzed carboxylative cyclization of CO₂ and propargyl alc. and subsequent reactions with an addnl. nucleophile (alcs. or amines). The free carbene dangled from the Cu(triNHC) catalysts deprotonated the propargyl alc. to increase the nucleophilicity toward CO₂ and the subsequent cyclization was accelerated by the coordination of the copper ion of Cu(triNHC). This dual function of Cu(triNHC) is critical to the reaction of α-alkylidene carbonates with nucleophiles, forming carbonates or carbamates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Recommanded Product: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Regioselective iodination of activated arenes using phenyl trimethylammonium dichloroiodate in ionic liquid under microwave irradiation was written by Tilve, Rutuja D.;Kanetkar, Vinod R.. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2005.COA of Formula: C8H9IO This article mentions the following:

The regioselective iodination of activated arenes was achieved in the presence of phenyltrimethylammonium dichloroiodate and ionic liquid The reaction was carried out by both conventional heating as well as by microwave irradiation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2COA of Formula: C8H9IO).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.COA of Formula: C8H9IO

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Diflunisal Analogues Stabilize the Native State of Transthyretin. Potent Inhibition of Amyloidogenesis was written by Adamski-Werner, Sara L.;Palaninathan, Satheesh K.;Sacchettini, James C.;Kelly, Jeffery W.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2004.Formula: C7H5BrF2O This article mentions the following:

Analogs of diflunisal, an FDA-approved nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of transthyretin (TTR) aggregation, including amyloid fibril formation. High inhibitory activity was observed for 26 of the compounds Of those, eight exhibited excellent binding selectivity for TTR in human plasma (binding stoichiometry >0.50, with a theor. maximum of 2.0 inhibitors bound per TTR tetramer). Biophys. studies reveal that these eight inhibitors dramatically slow tetramer dissociation (the rate-determining step of amyloidogenesis) over a duration of 168 h. This appears to be achieved through ground-state stabilization, which raises the kinetic barrier for tetramer dissociation Kinetic stabilization of WT TTR by these eight inhibitors is further substantiated by the decreasing rate of amyloid fibril formation as a function of increasing inhibitor concentration (pH 4.4). X-ray cocrystal structures of the TTR-3′,5′-difluorobiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (I) and TTR-2′,6′-difluorobiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (II) complexes reveal that I and II bind in opposite orientations in the TTR binding site. Moving the fluorines from the meta positions in I to the ortho positions in II reverses the binding orientation, allowing the hydrophilic aromatic ring of II to orient in the outer binding pocket where the carboxylate engages in favorable electrostatic interactions with the ε-ammonium groups of Lys 15 and 15′. The hydrophilic aryl ring of I occupies the inner binding pocket, with the carboxylate positioned to hydrogen bond to the serine 117 and 117′ residues. Diflunisal itself appears to occupy both orientations based on the electron d. in the TTR·1₂ structure. Structure-activity relationships reveal that para-carboxylate substitution on the hydrophilic ring and dihalogen substitution on the hydrophobic ring afford the most active TTR amyloid inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0Formula: C7H5BrF2O).

4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Formula: C7H5BrF2O

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

N-Arylation of Sterically Hindered NH-Nucleophiles: Copper-Mediated Syntheses of Diverse N-Arylindole-2-carboxylates was written by Lee, Jinyong;Choi, Ji Hye;Shin, Seunghoon;Heo, Jung-Nyoung;Lim, Hwan Jung. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2015.Computed Properties of C7H5BrF2O This article mentions the following:

Indole-carboxylates are N-arylated with 2-bromopyridines using stoichiometric copper(II) oxide/potassium carbonate to give various N-(2-pyridyl)-substituted indole-2-carboxylates e. g., I, and with bromobenzenes using stoichiometric copper(I) iodide/N,N’-dimethylethylenediamine to give various N-(substituted phenyl)-substituted indole-2-carboxylates, e. g., II. These results expand the scope of metal-catalyzed N-arylation using heterocyclic amines with steric bulk and weak nucleophilicity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0Computed Properties of C7H5BrF2O).

4-Bromo-2,6-difluoroanisole (cas: 104197-14-0) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Computed Properties of C7H5BrF2O

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem