Author: Jessica.F

Efficient and Mild Ullmann-Type N-Arylation of Amides, Carbamates, and Azoles in Water was written by Bollenbach, Maud;Aquino, Pedro G. V.;de Araujo-Junior, Joao Xavier;Bourguignon, Jean-Jacques;Bihel, Frederic;Salome, Christophe;Wagner, Patrick;Schmitt, Martine. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2017.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Aryl iodides underwent chemoselective Ullman coupling reactions with primary amides, tert-Bu carbamate, and azoles to yield N-aryl amides and carbamates and arylazoles using CuBr₂ as a catalyst, trans-N,N’-dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine as ligand, D-glucose as a reductant, and NaOt-Bu as base in water containing the surfactant TPGS-750-M to yield N-aryl amides, tert-Bu arylcarbamates, and arylazoles. The surfactant and catalyst were recycled twice with some decrease in yield; in two cases, the reactions were purified without chromatog. by extraction with iso-Pr acetate, filtration through cotton and wool, concentration, dilution with isopropanol, and precipitation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

In Vitro synergy of nisin and coenzyme Q₀ against Staphylococcus aureus was written by Zhao, Xingchen;Liu, Zonghui;Li, Wenli;Li, Xia;Shi, Ce;Meng, Rizeng;Cheng, Wei;Jin, Kunqi;Yang, Zhiqiang;Shi, Xiaochen;Guo, Na;Yu, Lu. And the article was included in Food Control in 2014.HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Nisin has been widely used as a natural preservative in foods including dairy products, but the emergence of the nisin-resistant strains could compromise its use to control food-borne pathogens. It has been reported that coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a powerful antioxidant, but a small number of studies have described the antibacterial activity of CoQ. One of the most abundant forms of CoQ is CoQ₁₀. CoQ₀ is chosen for this study, which is the water-soluble homolog of CoQ₁₀. In the present study, the in vitro interaction of nisin and CoQ₀ against 15 food-borne isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was assessed using a checkerboard microdilution method. Synergism was observed in strains tested, the FICI values ranging from 0.25 to 0.375. No antagonistic interaction between nisin and CoQ₀ occurred. The pos. interactions were verified confirmed using the time-killing test and agar diffusion assay. Our discovery of efficacy of combining nisin with CoQ₀ might pave the way for a novel solution for spoilage problem in food industry and provide an alternative approach to overcome antimicrobial drug resistance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).HPLC of Formula: 605-94-7

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Ether – Wikipedia,
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Lariat ethers with fluoroaryl side-arms: a study of CF···metal cation interaction in the complexes of N-(o-fluoroaryl)azacrown ethers was written by Sazonov, Petr K.;Minacheva, Lidiya Kh.;Churakov, Andrei V.;Sergienko, Vladimir S.;Artamkina, Galina A.;Oprunenko, Yuri F.;Beletskaya, Irina P.. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2009.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

New lariat ethers, N-(o-fluorophenyl)aza-15-crown-5 (F-A15C5) and N,N’-bis(o-fluorophenyl)diaza-18-crown-6 (F₂-A₂18C6), were prepared by the N-arylation of the corresponding azacrown ethers. The interaction of the ligands with metal cations was studied in solution by ¹H and ¹⁹F NMR (in acetone-d₆) and UV spectroscopy (MeOH) confirming the formation of complexes of F₂-A₂18C6 with K⁺, Na⁺, Ag⁺, Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺ and of F-A15C5 with Na⁺ and giving evidence of CF···metal cation interaction. Cation binding constants (β, evaluated by UV titration method), demonstrate that F-A15C5 and F₂-A₂18C6 form more stable complexes than their F-free analogs. The effect depends on the nature of the metal cation and is at a maximum for hard, singly charged cations (up to 3 logβ units for K⁺ complex of F₂-A₂18C6). The x-ray structures of [Pb(F₂-A₂18C6)(H₂O)](ClO₄)₂ (1) and [Ba(F₂-A₂18C6)(ClO₄)₂] (2) reveal short Pb-F (2.805 Å) and Ba-F (2.965 Å) contacts. Complex 2 is centrosym. (C_i), while complex 1 has C₂ symmetry with 1-side coordination of o-fluorophenyl groups to Pb²⁺. This 1-side coordination mode of Pb²⁺ is indicative of a partial localization of the Pb²⁺ lone pair. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3COA of Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4

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A convenient method for [¹⁴C]-carbonylation reactions was written by Elmore, Charles S.;Dean, Dennis C.;Melillo, David G.. And the article was included in Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals in 2000.Related Products of 75581-11-2 This article mentions the following:

A simple, efficient method for generation of ¹⁴CO from Ba¹⁴CO₃ was developed. Reduction of ¹⁴CO₂ using LiBEt₃H gave lithium [¹⁴C]-formate in good yield which was treated with concentrate H₂SO₄ to effect dehydration to ¹⁴CO. Through direct attachment of a reaction vessel containing aryl substrate and Pd(0) catalyst, [¹⁴C]-carbonylation reactions were performed without use of a mercury transfer pump. [¹⁴C]-Carbonylation reactions using ¹⁴CO generated in this manner proceed in good yield with a variety of substrates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Related Products of 75581-11-2).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Related Products of 75581-11-2

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of phenoxyacetic acids by chromic acid was written by Gurumurthy, R.;Sathiyanarayanan, K.;Anandabaskaran, T.;Karunakaran, K.. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Chemistry in 1994.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

The kinetics of oxidation of phenoxyacetic acid and several para- and meta-substituted phenoxyacetic acids by chromic acid in the presence of perchloric acid have been studied in 50% (volume/volume) aqueous acetic acid. The oxidation is fractional order (0.74) with respect to substrate. Increasing the concentration of perchloric acid increases the rate of oxidation with an order of 0.62. Added Mn²⁺ decreases the rate considerably, suggesting a two-electron transfer at the rate-limiting step. In general, electron-releasing substituents accelerate the rate while electron-attracting groups retard the rate. A good Hammett correlation is obtained. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

New fluorescent sensors based on 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline skeleton was written by Mac, Marek;Uchacz, Tomasz;Wrobel, Tomasz;Danel, Andrzej;Kulig, Ewa. And the article was included in Journal of Fluorescence in 2010.Synthetic Route of C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

Two novel fluorescing yellow dyes, 1,3,4-triphenyl-6-(1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13-aza-cyclopentadec-13-ylmethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline and 2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)-(1,3,4-triphenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolin-6-ylmethyl)-amino]ethanol have been synthesized and investigated by the means of steady state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques. These compounds act as sensors for the fluorescence detection of small inorganic cations (lithium, sodium, barium, magnesium, and calcium) in solvents of different polarities (THF and acetonitrile). The mechanism, which allows application of these compounds as sensors, is an electron transfer from the electro-donative part of mol. to the acceptor part (fluorophore), which is retarded upon complexation of the electro-donative part by the inorganic cations. We found that the crown ether-containing compound is very sensitive to the addition of any investigated ions but the amino alc.-containing dye exhibits better selectivity to the addition of divalent cations. Two kinds of complexes were found in the investigated systems. In addition, the dyes may be used as fluorescence indicators in solvents of lower polarity like THF. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Synthetic Route of C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Synthetic Route of C10H21NO4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A new diversity oriented and metal-free approach to highly functionalized 3H-pyrimidin-4-ones was written by Riva, Renata;Banfi, Luca;Basso, Andrea;Zito, Paola. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2011.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

A new synthesis of functionalized 3H-pyrimidin-4-ones is presented. The strategy is based on the synthetic elaboration of readily available α-substituted β-ketoesters that, upon transformation into the corresponding acyl enamines, have been cyclized to give 6H-1,3-oxazin-6-ones. These reactive intermediates have been in turn cleanly converted into highly functionalized pyrimidinones, by treatment with an appropriate primary amine. The whole sequence does not need the use of any metal mediator or catalyst. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
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Second generation 4-(4-methyl-1H-indol-5-ylamino)-2-phenylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile PKCθ inhibitors was written by Wu, Biqi;Boschelli, Diane H.;Lee, Julie;Yang, Xiaoke;Chaudhary, Divya. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2009.SDS of cas: 480424-49-5 This article mentions the following:

Thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile 16 with a 4-methyl-5-indolylamine at C-4 and a 5-methoxy-2-(dimethylamino)-methylphenyl group at C-2 had an IC₅₀ value of 16 nM for the inhibition of PKCθ. While moderate inhibition of PKCδ was also observed (IC₅₀ = 130 nM), 16 had IC₅₀ values of greater than 5 μM against Lyn and other members of the Src kinase family. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Formyl-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid (cas: 480424-49-5SDS of cas: 480424-49-5).

3-Formyl-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid (cas: 480424-49-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.SDS of cas: 480424-49-5

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Ether – Wikipedia,
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Thermal Properties of Macrocyclic Polyethers: Implications for the Design of Crown Ether-Based Ionic Liquids was written by Pawlak, Alan J.;Dietz, Mark L.. And the article was included in Separation Science and Technology (Philadelphia, PA, United States) in 2014.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

The most commonly studied classes of ionic liquids (ILs) comprise relatively large and asym. heterocyclic cations (e.g., diakylimidazolium or N-alkylpyridinium) in combination with any of a wide variety of inorganic (e.g., BF₄^–, Cl^–) or organic (e.g., bis[(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide], Tf₂N^–) anions. Recently it has been shown that ILs can also be formed by complexation reactions of metal cations (e.g., Li⁺, as its Tf₂N^– salt) with various neutral ligands (e.g., cyclohexano-15-crown-5 or alkylamines). Because the upper limit of the useful temperature range of any IL is governed by its thermal stability, and because the thermal stability of a neutral ligand (i.e., its propensity to either volatilize or decompose) is of obvious importance in determining that of an IL prepared from it, a systematic examination of the thermal properties of a series of macrocyclic polyethers of potential utility in the synthesis of new ILs has been undertaken. The results showed that the temperature corresponding to the onset of mass loss upon heating (i.e., evaporation and/or decomposition) varied with the ring size, substitution, nature of the donor atoms, and stereochem. of the macrocycle, but is most strongly influenced by the mol. weight and aromatic content of the compound In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Copper-Mediated Sequential Cyanation of Aryl C-B and Arene C-H Bonds Using Ammonium Iodide and DMF was written by Kim, Jinho;Choi, Jiho;Shin, Kwangmin;Chang, Sukbok. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2012.Quality Control of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

The cyanation of aromatic boronic acids, boronate esters, and borate salts was developed under copper-mediated oxidative conditions using ammonium iodide and DMF as the source of nitrogen and carbon atom of the cyano unit, resp. The procedure was successfully extended to the cyanation of electron-rich benzenes, and regioselective introduction of a cyano group at the arene C-H bonds was also achieved. The observation that the reaction proceeds via a two-step process, initial iodination and then cyanation, led us to propose that ammonium iodide plays a dual role to provide iodide and nitrogen atom of the cyano moiety. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Quality Control of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Quality Control of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem