Author: Jessica.F

《Synthesis of the first dibenzo-4,12-dithio-8-azacrownophanes containing γ-arylpyridine subunit》 was published in Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds (New York, NY, United States) in 2020. These research results belong to Thi, Thanh Tam Pham; Do, Thao Thuyen; Nguyen, Tien Dat; Luu, Van Boi; Polyakova, Elena I.; Thi, Thanh Van Tran; Le, Tuan Anh. COA of Formula: C8H8O2 The article mentions the following:

Dibenzo-4,12-dithio-8-azacrownophanes containing γ-arylpyridine subunit and thiocrown fragment I (R = 2-OMe, 3-NO2) were synthesized in one step from 1,5-bis(2-acetylphenylsulfanyl)-3-oxapentane, aryl aldehydes RCHO, and ammonium acetate. After reading the article, we found that the author used 2-Methoxybenzaldehyde(cas: 135-02-4COA of Formula: C8H8O2)

2-Methoxybenzaldehyde(cas: 135-02-4) is used as a flavor agent in foods including nonalcoholic/alcoholic beverages, baked goods, chewing gum, confections, frozen dairy, fruit ices, hard/soft candy, instant coffee, tea, Jams, jellies, and milk products. It also has been used to obtain good enantioselectivities using Cu(OAc)(2)-bis(oxazolines) via hydrogen bonding in asymmetric Henry reaction.COA of Formula: C8H8O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

In 2019,International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) included an article by Brammann, Christoph; Mueller-Goymann, Christel C.. HPLC of Formula: 106685-40-9. The article was titled 《Incorporation of benzoyl peroxide nanocrystals into adapalene-loaded solid lipid microparticles: Part II – Solid-in-Oil dispersion of nanoparticulate benzoyl peroxide》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Benzoyl peroxide as a monotherapeutic and in combination with adapalene is a cornerstone of current acne therapy, but its unfavorable side effect profile reduces the therapeutic value of this compound The incorporation into an adapalene-loaded microparticulate lipid matrix, which – via the principle of targeted erosion – allows the targeted release of active substances in the hair follicles, is a promising approach to reduce side effects such as skin redness, increased scaling and allergic reactions. However, there are challenges to the production of such a vehicle which require a galenic solution That is in particular the redispersion of nanoparticulate benzoyl peroxide in lipids while maintaining its nanodisperse character. In the present work, the lamellar liquid crystalline phase of a binary water/phospholipid system is used to stabilize a nanosuspension during freeze-drying. Both after redispersing in water and after dispersing in nonpolar fat phases, the initial size of the nanosuspension was recovered with only minor deviations. The found cryoprotective effect of purified phospholipid allows the generation of highly concentrated solid-in-oil systems both in fat phases liquid at room temperature and in lipid melts, which after solidification can serve as starting material for the preparation of lipid microparticles loaded with benzoyl peroxide nanocrystals. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 6-(3-(Adamantan-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-naphthoic acid(cas: 106685-40-9HPLC of Formula: 106685-40-9)

6-(3-(Adamantan-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-naphthoic acid(cas:106685-40-9) may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in topical gel formulations using high-performance liquid chromatography technique.HPLC of Formula: 106685-40-9

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

《Synthesis of 5-(aminomethylidene)imidazol-4-ones by using N,N-dialkylformamide acetals》 was published in Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds (New York, NY, United States) in 2020. These research results belong to Zaitseva, Elvira R.; Smirnov, Alexander Yu.; Ivanov, Igor A.; Mineev, Konstantin S.; Baranov, Mikhail S.. Category: ethers-buliding-blocks The article mentions the following:

A simple methodol. for the synthesis of various 5-(aminomethylidene)imidazol-4-ones I [R = NMe2, pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl, 4-[ethoxy(oxo)methane]piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl; R1 = Me, Et] by condensation reactions of imidazol-4-one that was prepared in situ and acetals of N,N-dialkylformamides RCH(OR2)2 (R2 = Me, Et) has been described. In addition to this study using N,N-Dimethylformamide Dimethyl Acetal, there are many other studies that have used N,N-Dimethylformamide Dimethyl Acetal(cas: 4637-24-5Category: ethers-buliding-blocks) was used in this study.

N,N-Dimethylformamide Dimethyl Acetal(cas: 4637-24-5) belongs to anime. Reaction with nitrous acid (HNO2), which functions as an acylating agent that is a source of the nitrosyl group (―NO), converts aliphatic primary amines to nitrogen and mixtures of alkenes and alcohols corresponding to the alkyl group in a complex process. This reaction has been used for analytical determination of primary amino groups in a procedure known as the Van Slyke method.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

《A pharmacovigilance study of topical acne monotherapy with 0.1% adapalene, and a molecular analytical review of adapalene in evidence-based dermatopharmacological treatment》 was written by Hazra, Moumita. Application In Synthesis of 6-(3-(Adamantan-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-naphthoic acid And the article was included in International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research in 2021. The article conveys some information:

Acne vulgaris causes cosmetic impairment. User-friendly anti-acne monotherapy with adapalene has activity against the acne pathophysiol., with very minimal adverse effects. Retinoids, like adapalene, are comedolytic and anti-inflammatory. This study was conducted as a pharmacovigilance study of topical acne monotherapy with 0.1% adapalene, and a mol. anal. review of adapalene in evidence-based dermatopharmacol. treatment. A prospective, open- labeled study was done, on 75 patients, with mild to moderate acne. Patients applied 0.1% adapalene topical monotherapy, once daily in the evening, over affected areas on the face, and left overnight. Efficacy was measured by percentage reduction in non-inflammatory, inflammatory and total lesion counts on 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days; and severity of lesions was assessed by Investigator’s Global Evaluation Scale and the occurrence of adverse effects like erythyma, dryness, scaling, burning and pruritus, were assessed by the Local Irritation Scale, among the patients receiving the monotherapy. An anal. review of the mol. pharmacol. of adapalene in evidence-based dermatopharmacol. treatment was thoroughly performed. The patients showed highly significant reduction in total lesion counts from baseline. No serious adverse effects were observed; and the observations were statistically non-significant. The mol. anal. review described significantly effective evidence-based dermatopharmacol. response mechanisms of adapalene therapeutics. Topical 0.1% adapalene monotherapy was effective and safe, with significant evidence-based mol. dermatopharmacol. efficacy. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 6-(3-(Adamantan-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-naphthoic acid(cas: 106685-40-9Application In Synthesis of 6-(3-(Adamantan-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-naphthoic acid)

6-(3-(Adamantan-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-naphthoic acid(cas:106685-40-9) may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in topical gel formulations using high-performance liquid chromatography technique.Application In Synthesis of 6-(3-(Adamantan-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-naphthoic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The author of 《Commercial dyes synthesized under solvent-free or aqueous-only conditions》 were Soydaner, Umut; Ozturk, Gozde Ipek; Taralp, Alpay. And the article was published in Preprints of Extended Abstracts presented at the ACS National Meeting in 2004. Safety of 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)acetic acid The author mentioned the following in the article:

In this work, the literature synthesis of C.I. Disperse Red 356 from 4-propoxymandelic acid was revised to exclude the use of H2SO4 and PhCl. P-toluenesulfonic acid was used as the catalyst. In addition to this study using 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)acetic acid, there are many other studies that have used 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)acetic acid(cas: 79694-16-9Safety of 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)acetic acid) was used in this study.

2-Hydroxy-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)acetic acid(cas: 79694-16-9) belongs to ethers. Ethers lack the hydroxyl groups of alcohols. Safety of 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-propoxyphenyl)acetic acid Without the strongly polarized O―H bond, ether molecules cannot engage in hydrogen bonding with each other.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bruce, Michael I.; Head, Nicholas J.; White, Allan H.; Skelton, Brian W. published an article on January 31 ,2004. The article was titled 《1,4-Diethynyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene at ca 150 K》, and you may find the article in Acta Crystallographica, Section C: Crystal Structure Communications.Formula: C12H10O2 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The principal determinants of packing in crystals of the title compound, C12H10O2, which has crystallog. imposed inversion symmetry, are interactions between the alkyne H atoms and the methoxy O atoms [H···O = 2.39(1) Å]. Crystallog. data are given. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Diethynyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene(cas: 74029-40-6Formula: C12H10O2)

1,4-Diethynyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene(cas: 74029-40-6) belongs to ethers.Formula: C12H10O2Although ethers resist hydrolysis, they are cleaved by hydrobromic acid and hydroiodic acid. Hydrogen chloride cleaves ethers only slowly.

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The author of 《Dopant-free novel hole-transporting materials based on quinacridone dye for high-performance and humidity-stable mesoporous perovskite solar cells》 were Pham, Hong Duc; Jain, Sagar M.; Li, Meng; Manzhos, Sergei; Feron, Krishna; Pitchaimuthu, Sudhagar; Liu, Zhiyong; Motta, Nunzio; Wang, Hongxia; Durrant, James R.; Sonar, Prashant. And the article was published in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2019. Application In Synthesis of Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine The author mentioned the following in the article:

This study reports three newly developed dopant-free hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells. The design is based on a quinacridone (QA) dye as the core with three different extended end-capping moieties, namely, acenaphthylene (ACE), triphenylamine (TPA), and diphenylamine (DPA), attached to the QA core. These HTMs were synthesized and used to successfully fabricate in mesoscopic TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/HTM perovskite devices. Under AM 1.5G illumination at 100 mW cm-2, the devices achieved a maximum efficiency of 18.2% for ACE-QA-ACE, 16.6% for TPA-QA-TPA and 15.5% for DPA-QA-DPA without any additives, whereas reference devices with doped spiro-OMeTAD as the HTM achieved a PCE of 15.2%. Notably, the unencapsulated devices based on the novel dopant-free HTMs exhibited impressive stability in comparison with the devices based on doped spiro-OMeTAD under a relative humidity of 75% for 30 days. These linear sym. HTMs pave the way to a new class of organic hole-transporting materials for cost-efficient and large-area applications of printed perovskite solar cells. In the experiment, the researchers used Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine(cas: 101-70-2Application In Synthesis of Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine)

Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine(cas: 101-70-2) is a diphenylamine derivative used as a chemical additive for cured rubber.Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine is highly toxic and may potentially induce chromosome abberation.Application In Synthesis of Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The author of 《Tuning the electrochemical behavior of organodisulfides in rechargeable lithium batteries using N-containing heterocycles》 were Wang, Dan-Yang; Si, Yubing; Li, Junjie; Fu, Yongzhu. And the article was published in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2019. Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Diphenyldisulfane The author mentioned the following in the article:

S-S bonds in organodisulfides can break and obtain Li+ and e- in the discharge of lithium batteries. Organodisulfides provide precise lithiation sites, and therefore are valuable models for the study of redox reactions in lithium batteries. To understand their electrochem. behavior, we investigate three disulfides with different N-containing heterocycles including 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide (2,2′-DpyDS), 4,4′-dipyridyl disulfide (4,4′-DpyDS), and 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide-N,N’-dioxide (DpyDSDO). The three disulfides all show higher discharge voltage plateaus due to the electron-withdrawing groups: DPDS (2.20 V) < 2,2'-DpyDS (2.45 V) = 4,4'-DpyDS (2.45 V) < DpyDSDO (2.80 V). In particular, 2,2'-DpyDS exhibits an outstanding 69% capacity retention over 500 cycles. Our theor. simulations show that lithium pyridine-2-thiolate, the discharge product of 2,2'-DpyDS, forms compact clusters via N···Li···S bridges coordinated by lithium ions, which can help reduce its dissolution in liquid electrolyte, and therefore increase the cycle life. Liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry is demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the investigation of discharge/recharge products of soluble organodisulfides in rechargeable lithium batteries. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,2-Diphenyldisulfane(cas: 882-33-7Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Diphenyldisulfane)

1,2-Diphenyldisulfane(cas: 882-33-7) belongs to ethers.Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon, thus the alpha hydrogens of ethers are more acidic than those of simple hydrocarbons. Application In Synthesis of 1,2-Diphenyldisulfane They are far less acidic than alpha hydrogens of carbonyl groups (such as in ketones or aldehydes), however.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The author of 《Highly efficient phenothiazine 5,5-dioxide-based hole transport materials for planar perovskite solar cells with a PCE exceeding 20%》 were Ding, Xingdong; Chen, Cheng; Sun, Linghao; Li, Hongping; Chen, Hong; Su, Jie; Li, Huaming; Li, Henan; Xu, Li; Cheng, Ming. And the article was published in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2019. Application of 101-70-2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Two novel phenothiazine 5,5-dioxide (PDO) core building block-based hole transport materials (HTMs), termed PDO1 and PDO2, were designed and synthesized. The introduction of a sulfuryl group in a core unit can deeply influence the energy levels and charge carrier mobilities of relative HTMs. The combined suitable energy level alignment, higher hole mobility and conductivity, as well as highly efficient hole transfer of PDO2 enable the perovskite solar cell (PSC) to achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.2% and good stability when aged under ambient conditions. These results demonstrate the potential versatility of the PDO building block for further development of cost-effective and highly efficient HTMs for PSCs. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine(cas: 101-70-2Application of 101-70-2)

Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine(cas: 101-70-2) is a diphenylamine derivative used as a chemical additive for cured rubber.Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine is highly toxic and may potentially induce chromosome abberation.Application of 101-70-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

In 2022,Eichstaedt, Natalie; van der Zwan, Kasper P.; Mayr, Lina; Siegel, Renee; Senker, Juergen; Breu, Josef published an article in Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, B: A Journal of Chemical Sciences. The title of the article was 《Crystal structure of phenanthrenide salts stabilized by 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6》.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane The author mentioned the following in the article:

Potassium 15-crown-5 phenanthrenide and potassium 18-crown-6 phenanthrenide were synthesized and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and 39K solid state NMR spectroscopy. While the radical carbanion is very reactive in solution, the crystals are stable and storable under inert atm. For 15-crown-5, a sandwich-like complex of potassium is formed with two mols. of crown ether per potassium resulting in a coordination number of 10. For the larger 18-crown-6 ligand, a 1:1 complex is obtained and a coordination number of 6 for the potassium cation. In neither crystal structure solvent mols. are incorporated. The 15-crown-5 compound crystallizes faster and is less soluble in THF as compared to the 18-crown-6 compound Both compounds form solid phenanthrenide that is easy to handle and can be applied for reduction reactions. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane(cas: 33100-27-5Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane)

1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane(cas: 33100-27-5) is a member of crown ether Ligands. Crown-ethers are macrocyclic polyethers capable of forming host-guest complexes, especially with inorganic and organic cations. Crown-ethers can incorporate protonated primary amine compounds by formation of ion-dipole bonds with the oxygen atoms of the chiral selector. Crown-ethers have been widely used for the separation of several pharmaceuticals both in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem