Author: Jessica.F

A general method for the synthesis of isatins: preparation of regiospecifically functionalized isatins from anilines was written by Hewawasam, Plyasena;Meanwell, Nicholas A.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1994.Related Products of 56619-93-3 This article mentions the following:

A new method has been developed for regiospecific conversion of substituted anilines to isatins. The method utilizes the reaction of an ortho-lithiated, protected aniline derivative with di-Et oxalate to furnish an α-ketoester. Hydrolytic deprotection of the amino moiety is accompanied by cyclization to provide the isatin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Related Products of 56619-93-3).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Related Products of 56619-93-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Convergent reductive depolymerization of wood lignin to isolated phenol derivatives by metal-free catalytic hydrosilylation was written by Feghali, Elias;Carrot, Geraldine;Thuery, Pierre;Genre, Caroline;Cantat, Thibault. And the article was included in Energy & Environmental Science in 2015.COA of Formula: C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

The first examples of reductive depolymerization of lignin are reported under metal-free conditions. Using hydrosilanes as reductants and B(C₆F₅)₃ as a Lewis acid catalyst, wood lignin is efficiently converted to a narrow distribution of phenol derivatives at room temperature A three-step methodol. based on the selection of the wood species and the lignin extraction method followed by a convergent reductive depolymerization enables the production of four structurally defined aromatic compounds The phenol products were successfully isolated in 7-24 wt% yield from lignin and 0.5-2.4 wt% yield from wood. The strategy is found to be robust and is applied to 15 different wood plants, including gymnosperm and angiosperm species. The efficiency of this novel methodol. has been evaluated based on spectroscopic characterization of the lignin preparations and isolated yields of mono-aromatic products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3COA of Formula: C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.COA of Formula: C11H16O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Accurate and simple method for simultaneous determination of restricted ethylene glycol ethers and esters in leather by GC-MS was written by Ma, He-Wei;Luo, Jian-Xun. And the article was included in Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists in 2021.Reference of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

An anal. approach was developed for the simultaneous determination of the eight ethylene glycol ethers (EGEs) and esters (EGEEs) prohibited by European Union (EU) REACH regulation in leather samples. The analytes were extracted using methanol with ultrasonic assistance within 30 min. The extracts were cleaned up by passing the extraction solution through a cartridge containing alumina-N frits, and the eluate was injected into GC-MS which was fitted with a 60m length capillary DB-WAX column. Excellent separation of the eight EGEs/EGEEs was achieved by the capillary column within 25 min. The clean-up with Alumina-N cartridge presented desired efficiency for removing the co-extractives in the extracts The major advantages of this method are the simplicity and accuracy. Limitation of the detection, linear range, and reproducibility of the method were evaluated. Average recoveries in the range of 91.7%-102.5% (RSD, ≤6.1%) with detection limits at 3.0-9.4mg/kg for the eight targets were obtained. Anal. results showed that ethylene glycol di-Me ether (EGDME), ethylene glycol Et ether (EGEE), and diethylene glycol di-Me ether (DEGDME), were found in 22% of 95 leather samples at the concentration range of 35-82mg/kg, 12-285mg/kg and 28-66mg/kg, resp., while the other five EGEs/EGEEs were not detected. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Reference of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Reference of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Machine learning-based prediction of toxicity of organic compounds towards fathead minnow was written by Chen, Xingmei;Dang, Limin;Yang, Hai;Huang, Xianwei;Yu, Xinliang. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2020.Safety of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Predicting the acute toxicity of a large dataset of diverse chems. against fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) is challenging. In this paper, 963 organic compounds with acute toxicity towards fathead minnows were split into a training set (482 compounds) and a test set (481 compounds) with an approx. ratio of 1 : 1. Only six mol. descriptors were used to establish the quant. structure-activity/toxicity relationship (QSAR/QSTR) model for 96 h pLC₅₀ through a support vector machine (SVM) along with genetic algorithm. The optimal SVM model (R² = 0.756) was verified using both internal (leave-one-out cross-validation) and external validations. The validation results (q_int² = 0.699 and q_ext² = 0.744) were satisfactory in predicting acute toxicity in fathead minnows compared with other models reported in the literature, although our SVM model has only six mol. descriptors and a large data set for the test set consisting of 481 compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Safety of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Safety of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Nucleophilic attack of intramolecular hydroxyl groups on electron-rich aromatics using hypervalent iodine(III) oxidation was written by Hata, Kayoko;Hamamoto, Hiromi;Shiozaki, Yukiko;Caemmerer, Simon B.;Kita, Yasuyuki. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2007.Electric Literature of C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

The hypervalent iodine(III) reagent, phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA)-mediated oxidative nucleophilic substitution of electron-rich aromatics involving aromatic cation radical intermediates was utilized in the direct aromatic carbon-oxygen bond formation reaction, and a novel and simple synthetic method for chroman derivatives was developed. E.g., in presence of PIFA, intramol. oxidative cyclization of hydroxy-substituted benzene I gave up to 55% chroman II. As an extension of this methodol., a facile access to spirodienone derivatives was also achieved. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Electric Literature of C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Electric Literature of C11H16O3

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Performance and mechanism of CO₂ absorption in 2-ethylhexan-1-amine + glyme non-aqueous solutions was written by Fu, Kun;Liu, Chenxu;Wang, Lemeng;Huang, Xiayu;Fu, Dong. And the article was included in Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2021.Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

In this work, novel non-aqueous absorbents composed of 2-ethylhexan-1-amine (EHA) and glyme were proposed for CO2 capture. The absorption performance of CO2 in EHA + diglyme, EHA + triglyme and EHA + tetraglyme non-aqueous solutions was investigated and the viscosities (η) of the CO2-saturated absorbents were measured. Besides the experiments, kinetic models were applied to correlate the CO2 absorption. The activation energy (Ea) was obtained from Arrhenius equation, and the absorption mechanism was deduced. The results showed that both Lagergren model and Avrami model can accurately correlate and predict the time-dependent absorption amount, thus an optimized composition under which excellent absorption performance and relatively low η and Ea can be simultaneously achieved was determined Compared to water-based absorbents like MEA, the optimized non-aqueous absorbents take the advantages of better absorption performance and lower activation energy. Moreover, the glyme solvents have about 50% lower sp. heat capacities and much higher b.ps. (≥435 K) than water, which is expected to greatly reduce the sensible heat and the latent heat of the solvent during regeneration. Therefore, the proposed novel absorbents have promising industrial application potential in the CO2 capture process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Safety of 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Coenzyme Q₀ regulates NFκB/AP-1 activation and enhances Nrf2 stabilization in attenuation of LPS-induced inflammation and redox imbalance: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies was written by Yang, Hsin-Ling;Lin, Ming-Wei;Korivi, Mallikarjuna;Wu, Jia-Jiuan;Liao, Chun-Huei;Chang, Chia-Ting;Liao, Jiunn-Wang;Hseu, You-Cheng. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Gene Regulatory Mechanisms in 2016.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) analogs with variable number of isoprenoid units have been demonstrated as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant/pro-oxidant mols. In this study we used CoQ₀ (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, zero isoprenoid side-chains), a novel quinone derivative, and investigated its mol. actions against LPS-induced inflammation and redox imbalance in murine RAW264.7 macrophages and mice. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, non-cytotoxic concentrations of CoQ₀ (2.5-10 μM) inhibited iNOS/COX-2 protein expressions with subsequent reductions of NO, PGE₂, TNF-α and IL-1β secretions. This inhibition was reasoned by suppression of NFκB (p65) activation, and inhibition of AP-1 (c-Jun., c-Fos, ATF2) translocation. Our findings indicated that IKKα-mediated I-κB degradation and MAPK-signaling are involved in regulation of NFκB/AP-1 activation. Furthermore, CoQ₀ triggered HO-1 and NQO-1 genes through increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation and Nrf2/ARE-signaling. This phenomenon was confirmed by diminished CoQ₀ protective effects in Nrf2 knockdown cells, where LPS-induced NO, PGE₂, TNF-α and IL-1β productions remained high. Mol. evidence revealed that CoQ₀ enhanced Nrf2 steady-state level at both transcriptional and translational levels. CoQ₀-induced Nrf2 activation appears to be regulated by ROS-JNK-signaling cascades, as evidenced by suppressed Nrf2 activation upon treatment with pharmacol. inhibitors of ROS (N-acetylcysteine) and JNK (SP600125). Besides, oral administration of CoQ₀ (5 mg/kg) suppressed LPS-induced (1 mg/kg) induction of iNOS/COX-2 and TNF-α/IL-1β through tight regulation of NFκB/Nrf2 signaling in mice liver and spleen. Our findings conclude that pharmacol. actions of CoQ₀ are mediated via inhibition of NFκB/AP-1 activation and induction of Nrf2/ARE-signaling. Owing to its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, CoQ₀ could be a promising candidate to treat inflammatory disorders. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of 5-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy)propoxy-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril. was written by Chen, Ling Ching;Lin, Jen Hom;Wu, Shihn Sheng. And the article was included in Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society (Taipei, Taiwan) in 1984.Application In Synthesis of N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide This article mentions the following:

The title compound ( carteolol, I) was prepared in 21% yield in 6 steps from m-Me₃CCOC₆H₄OMe via cyclization of the amino ester II to the carbostyril III. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Application In Synthesis of N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Application In Synthesis of N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Resorcinarenes and aza-crowns as new extractants for the separation of technetium-99 was written by Paviet-Hartmann, Patricia;Horkley, Jared;Pak, Joshua;Brown, Eric;Todd, Terry. And the article was included in Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings in 2008.Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

Among the radionuclides considered for separation within the UREX + concept is Technetium-99, a uranium fission product with a low energy beta emission and a half life of 2.13 × 10⁵ years. The fission products, present in the high level waste (HLW) issued from the PUREX process, are mainly responsible for the long term radiotoxicity of this HLW stream. Partitioning and transmutation as a means of reducing the burden on a geol. repository requires Tc-99 to be removed from the HLW (partitioning) and then fragmented by fission (transmutation), which allows reduction of the radiotoxicity inventory of the remaining waste. As an example, a single isotopic species (Tc-99) can be transmuted by single neutron capture into the stable noble metal ruthenium (Ru-100). Selective extraction of Tc-99 needs to be investigated. We describe herein the synthesis of new macro-compounds which can be functionalized with oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen donating functional groups with various cavity sizes and/or bonding modes, and the assessment of their extraction properties towards Tc-99. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rhodium(III)-catalysed decarbonylative annulation through C-H activation: expedient access to aminoisocoumarins by weak coordination was written by Mayakrishnan, Sivakalai;Arun, Yuvaraj;Uma Maheswari, Narayanan;Perumal, Paramasivan Thirumalai. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2018.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Rhodium-catalyzed decarbonylative annulation of isatoic anhydrides with alkynes through C-H activation for the synthesis of aminoisocoumarins was developed. This enabled the gram-scale transformation to iodoisocoumarin which is a vital building block in transition-metal-catalyzed cross couplings. These compounds exhibited blue-emitting luminescence properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem