Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Construction of Self-Reporting Biodegradable CO₂-Based Polycarbonates for the Visualization of Thermoresponsive Behavior with Aggregation-Induced Emission Technology was written by Wang, Molin;Wang, Enhao;Cao, Han;Liu, Shunjie;Wang, Xianhong;Wang, Fosong. And the article was included in Chinese Journal of Chemistry in 2021.Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Thermoresponsive polymers with simultaneous biodegradability and signal “self-reporting” outputs that meet for advanced applications are hard to obtain. To address this issue, we developed fluorescence signal “self-reporting” biodegradable thermoresponsive polycarbonates through the immortal copolymerization of CO₂ and oligoethylene glycol monomethyl ether-functionalized epoxides in the presence of hydroxyl-modified tetraphenylethylene (TPE-OH). TPE-OH was used as chain transfer agent to afford well-defined polycarbonates with controlled mol. weight (6000-17000 g·mol^-1) and aggregation-induced emission characteristics. Through temperature-dependent fluorescence intensity study, low critical solution transition of TPE-labeled polycarbonates were determined and the fine details of thermal-induced phase transition process were monitored. Further research indicated that temperature-controlled aggregation and dissociation of TPE moieties are the main reason for fluorescence intensity variations. We anticipate that this work could offer a method to visualize the thermal transition process of thermoresponsive polycarbonates and broaden their application fields as smart materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Development of Photoactivated Fluorescent N-Hydroxyoxindoles and Their Application for Cell-Selective Imaging was written by Lai, Jinping;Yu, An;Yang, Letao;Zhang, Yixiao;Shah, Birju P.;Lee, Ki Bum. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2016.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

Photoactivatable fluorophores are essential tools for studying the dynamic mol. interactions within important biol. systems with high spatiotemporal resolution However, currently developed photoactivatable fluorophores based on conventional dyes have several limitations including reduced photoactivation efficiency, cytotoxicity, large mol. size, and complicated organic synthesis. To overcome these challenges, we herein report a class of photoactivatable fluorescent N-hydroxyoxindoles formed through the intramol. photocyclization of substituted o-nitrophenyl ethanol (ONPE). These oxindole fluorophores afford excellent photoactivation efficiency with ultra-high fluorescence enhancement (up to 800-fold) and are small in size. Furthermore, the oxindole derivatives show exceptional biocompatibility by generating water as the only photolytic side product. Moreover, structure-activity relationship anal. clearly revealed the strong correlation between the fluorescent properties and the substituent groups, which can serve as a guideline for the further development of ONPE-based fluorescent probes with desired photophys. and biol. properties. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated the capability of a new substituted ONPE that has an uncaging wavelength of 365-405 nm and an excitation/emission at 515 and 620 nm, for the selective imaging of a cancer cell line (Hela cells) and a human neural stem cell line (hNSCs). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A New Approach To Predict the Biological Activity of Molecules Based on Similarity of Their Interaction Fields and the logP and logD Values: Application to Auxins was written by Bertosa, Branimir;Kojic-Prodic, Biserka;Wade, Rebecca C.;Ramek, Michael;Piperaki, Stavroula;Tsantili-Kakoulidou, Anna;Tomic, Sanja. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences in 2003.HPLC of Formula: 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

The activity of a biol. compound is dependent both on specific binding to a target receptor and its ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) properties. A challenge to predict biol. activity is to consider both contributions simultaneously in deriving quant. models. We present a novel approach to derive QSAR models combining similarity anal. of mol. interaction fields (MIFs) with prediction of logP and/or logD. This new classification method is applied to a set of about 100 compounds related to the auxin plant hormone. The classification based on similarity of their interaction fields is more successful for the indole than the phenoxy compounds The classification of the phenoxy compounds is however improved by taking into account the influence of the logP and/or the logD values on biol. activity. With the new combined method, the majority (8 out of 10) of the previously misclassified derivatives of phenoxy acetic acid are classified in accord with their bioassays. The recently determined crystal structure of the auxin-binding protein 1 (ABP1) enabled validation of our approach. The results of docking a few auxin related compounds with different biol. activity to ABP1 correlate well with the classification based on similarity of MIFs only. Biol. activity is, however, better predicted by a combined similarity of MIFs + logP/logD approach. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4HPLC of Formula: 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.HPLC of Formula: 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Switch-on diketopyrrolopyrrole-based chemosensors for cations possessing Lewis acid character was written by Kumar, G. Dinesh;Banasiewicz, Marzena;Jacquemin, Denis;Gryko, Daniel T.. And the article was included in Chemistry – An Asian Journal in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

For the first time diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) have been synthesized directly from nitriles possessing (aza)crown ethers leading to macrocycle-dye hybrids. Depending on the nature of the linkage between DPP and macrocyclic ring, various coordination effects are found. The strong interaction of the cations possessing Lewis acid character such as Li⁺, Mg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs, leading to a bathochromic shift of both emission and absorption, as well as to strong enhancement of fluorescence was rationalized in terms of strong binding of these cations to the N=C-NR₂ functionality. The same effect has been observed for protonation. Depending on the size and the structure of the macrocyclic ring the complexation of cations by aza-crown ethers plays an important but secondary role. The interaction of Na⁺ and K⁺ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs leads to moderate enhancement of fluorescence due to the aza-crown ethers binding. The very weak fluorescence of DPP bearing 2-dialkylamino-pyridine-4-yl substituents is due to the closely lying T₂ state and the resulting intersystem crossing. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Melting synthesis of 2-[(aryloxy)methyl]benzimidazole derivatives was written by Li, Yingjun;Liu, Lijun;Jin, Kun;Wang, Wei;Zhao, Nan;Li, Lina;Li, Chunyan. And the article was included in Youji Huaxue in 2009.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Several 2-[(aryloxy)methyl]benzimidazole derivatives were obtained by a reaction of benzenediamine with aryloxyacetic acid derivatives using a melting method. The products were confirmed by IR and NMR techniques. In this method, the molar ratio of o-phenylenediamine and aryloxyacetic acid is 1:1.1, and the reaction temperature is 180°. The above-mentioned method has the advantages of simple operation, short reaction time, easy purification, few byproducts, moderate to high yields and green synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Juvenile hormone like substances. Part XIV. Synthesis and biological activities of some juvenile hormone analogues containing peptidic feature was written by Mahajan, R. K.;Sharma, G. C.. And the article was included in Journal of Indian Council of Chemists in 1998.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Juvenile hormone analogs which contain glycinate moiety, i.e. 4-RC₆H₄OCH₂CON(R¹)CH₂CO₂R³ (R = H, Cl, Me, OMe, NO₂, R¹ = H, R³ = CHMe₂; R = H, Cl, Me, OMe, R¹ = H, R³ = CH₂Me; R = H, Cl, Me, OMe, R¹ = H, R³ = CH₂CHMe₂;R = H, Cl, R¹ = Me, R³ = CH₂Me), were synthesized. Preliminary biol. screening of PhOCH₂CONHCH₂CO₂CHMe₂ showed a pos. juvenile hormonal activity against potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Electrooxidative Rhodium-Catalyzed [5+2] Annulations via C-H/O-H Activations was written by Wang, Yulei;Oliveira, Joao C. A.;Lin, Zhipeng;Ackermann, Lutz. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021.Product Details of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

Electrooxidative cyclizations involving mild transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation have emerged as a transformative strategy for the rapid construction of five- and six-membered heterocycles. In contrast, we herein describe the first electrochem. metal-catalyzed [5+2] cycloadditions to assemble valuable seven-membered benzoxepine skeletons by C-H/O-H activation. The efficient alkyne cyclization featured ample substrate scope, using electricity as the only oxidant. Mechanistic studies provided strong support for a rhodium(III/I) regime, involving a benzoxepine-coordinated rhodium(I) sandwich complex as the catalyst resting state, which was re-oxidized to rhodium(III) by anodic oxidation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Product Details of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Product Details of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Formation of Temporary Negative Ions and Their Subsequent Fragmentation upon Electron Attachment to CoQ₀ and CoQ₀H₂ was written by Ameixa, Joao;Arthur-Baidoo, Eugene;Pereira-da-Silva, Joao;Ruivo, Julio C.;Varella, Marcio T. do N.;Beyer, Martin K.;Oncak, Milan;Ferreira da Silva, Filipe;Denifl, Stephan. And the article was included in ChemPhysChem in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Ubiquinone mols. have a high biol. relevance due to their action as electron carriers in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Here, we studied the dissociative interaction of free electrons with CoQ₀, the smallest ubiquinone derivative with no isoprenyl units, and its fully reduced form, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylhydroquinone (CoQ₀H₂), an ubiquinol derivative The anionic products produced upon dissociative electron attachment (DEA) were detected by quadrupole mass spectrometry and studied theor. through quantum chem. and electron scattering calculations Despite the structural similarity of the two studied mols., remarkably only a few DEA reactions are present for both compounds, such as abstraction of a neutral hydrogen atom or the release of a neg. charged Me group. While the loss of a neutral Me group represents the most abundant reaction observed in DEA to CoQ₀, this pathway is not observed for CoQ₀H₂. Instead, the loss of a neutral OH radical from the CoQ₀H₂ temporary neg. ion is observed as the most abundant reaction channel. Overall, this study gives insights into electron attachment properties of simple derivatives of more complex mols. found in biochem. pathways. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

ρ-ρ Relation and the reaction of trans-cinnamic acids with diphenyldiazomethane. Basis of the Hammett equation was written by Ritter, Janet D. Sharp;Miller, Sidney I.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1964.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Rate data for the reactions of 15 trans-cinnamic acids [2m-AcO, mCl, p-Cl, H, m-F, p-F, p-OH, p-iso-Pr, m-MeO, p-MeO, p-Me, m-NO₂, p-NO₂, p-Me₂N, and 2,4-(MeO)₂] with diphenyldiazomethane (DDM) in EtOH have been obtained. The entropies of activation (-ΔS* = 8-21 e.u.) are proportional to the activation energies (E_act = 12-17 kcal. mole^-1) in this series with a slope of ∼298°. Satisfactory Hammett lines for 12 substituents have been obtained: at 25° with k in 1. mole^-1 min.^-1, log k = 0.41 σ – 0.1705; at 35°, log k = 0.43 σ + 0.1757. The ρ-value for the cinnamic acids follows the relation, ρ_RGCO2H÷ρ_RGCOS = constant, suggesting that the factors affecting the transmission of electronic effects in acid dissociation parallel those in the reactions of the acids with DDM. For systems of the type RGCO₂H, the link between ρ and the distance across G, the polarizability of G, or σ-values involving G are discussed. In some cases, field and mesomeric-inductive effects as embodied in the Kirkwood-Westheimer and Dewar-Grisdale theories can generate observed rate or equilibrium properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Side Chain Redistribution as a Strategy to Boost Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance and Stability was written by Moser, Maximilian;Hidalgo, Tania Cecilia;Surgailis, Jokubas;Gladisch, Johannes;Ghosh, Sarbani;Sheelamanthula, Rajendar;Thiburce, Quentin;Giovannitti, Alexander;Salleo, Alberto;Gasparini, Nicola;Wadsworth, Andrew;Zozoulenko, Igor;Berggren, Magnus;Stavrinidou, Eleni;Inal, Sahika;McCulloch, Iain. And the article was included in Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) in 2020.Synthetic Route of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

A series of glycolated polythiophenes for use in organic electrochem. transistors (OECTs) is designed and synthesized, differing in the distribution of their ethylene glycol chains that are tethered to the conjugated backbone. While side chain redistribution does not have a significant impact on the optoelectronic properties of the polymers, this mol. engineering strategy strongly impacts the water uptake achieved in the polymers. By careful optimization of the water uptake in the polymer films, OECTs with unprecedented steady-state performances in terms of [μC^*] and current retentions up to 98% over 700 electrochem. switching cycles are developed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Synthetic Route of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Synthetic Route of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem