Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Conjugation of a double bond with an aromatic nucleus. XXV. The Schiff base in the Diels-Alder reaction was written by Tamayo, M. Lora;Alvarez, Francisco. And the article was included in Anales de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Fisica y Quimica, Serie A: Fisica in 1952.HPLC of Formula: 51488-33-6 This article mentions the following:

Substituted Schiff bases containing the conjugated diene system C:C.C:N, the C:C being a part of the aromatic nucleus, are treated with various dienophiles such as maleic anhydride (I) and Et maleate (II). The substituted groups studied are MeO, Me, -OCH₂O- and NO₂. In none of the attempted condensations does a 1,4-addition occur. The Schiff bases RCH:NPh, where R = m-MeOC₆H₄, 3,4-Me₂C₆H₃ (VI), 3,4-CH₂O₂C₆H₃ (III), m-O₂NC₆H₄ (IV), and 3,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃, are refluxed 3 hrs. with I in a solvent (C₆H₆ or PhMe). The only reaction product identified is PhNHCOCH:-CHCO₂H, m. 193°. Schiff bases containing hydroquinone (V) heated 3 hrs. at 160° with II under anhydrous conditions do not react. Only III and IV in the absence of V give brownish-black resinous substances which are infusible below 360°, insoluble in organic solvents, soluble in concentrated H₂SO₄ and hot 20% NaOH. An addnl. Schiff base, 3-(p-MeOC₆H₄N:)CH-C₆H₄NO₂ (VII) refluxed 3 hrs. with I in a solvent (C₆H₆ or PhMe) gives only p-(MeO)C₆H₄NHCOCH:CHCO₂H. VII and II heated 3 hrs. at 160° and then allowed to stand a day do not react in the presence of V; in the absence of V is obtained a yellowish brown amorphous solid, believed to be a copolymer with the empirical formula (C₂₂H₂₄O₇₂)_x, m. indefinitely 143-9°, soluble in alc. and NaOH, and precipitated by acids and H₂O. VI and VII are new. For VI, 4.5 g. 3,4-Me₂C₆H₃CHO and 3.1 g. PhNH₂ are stirred 0.5 hr., let stand 24 hrs., and distilled to give 75% VI, colorless oil, b₁₅ 182°. For VII 3 g. p-anisidine and 2.7 g. m-O₂NC₆H₄CHO are refluxed 3 hrs. in 20 cc. absolute alc. and let stand 24 hrs.; the pale green crystalline plates, filtered and recrystallized from alc. and H₂O, m. 72° (yield 85%). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6HPLC of Formula: 51488-33-6).

3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.HPLC of Formula: 51488-33-6

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Some new aryloxyacetic acid was written by Shah, V. H.;Purohit, D. M.;Mehta, T. S.;Ravat, N. R.;Doshi, N. G.. And the article was included in Journal of the Institution of Chemists (India) in 2003.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

A number of aryloxyacetic acids were prepared The constitution of the products was supported by elemental analyses, IR and PMR spectral data. The products were screened for antimicrobial activity. All the compounds showed moderate activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Oligoethylene Glycol Side Chains Increase Charge Generation in Organic Semiconductor Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution was written by Kosco, Jan;Gonzalez-Carrero, Soranyel;Howells, Calvyn T.;Zhang, Weimin;Moser, Maximilian;Sheelamanthula, Rajendar;Zhao, Lingyun;Willner, Benjamin;Hidalgo, Tania C.;Faber, Hendrik;Purushothaman, Balaji;Sachs, Michael;Cha, Hyojung;Sougrat, Rachid;Anthopoulos, Thomas D.;Inal, Sahika;Durrant, James R.;McCulloch, Iain. And the article was included in Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) in 2022.Formula: C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Organic semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) composed of an electron donor/acceptor (D/A) semiconductor blend have recently emerged as an efficient class of hydrogen-evolution photocatalysts. It is demonstrated that using conjugated polymers functionalized with (oligo)ethylene glycol side chains in NP photocatalysts can greatly enhance their H₂-evolution efficiency compared to their nonglycolated analogs. The strategy is broadly applicable to a range of structurally diverse conjugated polymers. Transient spectroscopic studies show that glycolation facilitates charge generation even in the absence of a D/A heterojunction, and further suppresses both geminate and nongeminate charge recombination in D/A NPs. This results in a high yield of photogenerated charges with lifetimes long enough to efficiently drive ascorbic acid oxidation, which is correlated with greatly enhanced H₂-evolution rates in the glycolated NPs. Glycolation increases the relative permittivity of the semiconductors and facilitates water uptake. Together, these effects may increase the high-frequency relative permittivity inside the NPs sufficiently, to cause the observed suppression of exciton and charge recombination responsible for the high photocatalytic activities of the glycolated NPs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Formula: C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Formula: C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ultrafast dynamics of formation and autodetachment of a dipole-bound state in an open-shell π-stacked dimer anion was written by Bull, James N.;West, Christopher W.;Verlet, Jan R. R.. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2016.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Isolated π-stacked dimer radical anions present the simplest model of an excess electron in a π-stacked environment. Here, frequency-, angle-, and time-resolved photoelectron imaging together with electronic structure calculations have been used to characterize the π-stacked coenzyme Q₀ dimer radical anion and its exited state dynamics. In the ground electronic state, the excess electron is localised on one monomer with a planar para-quinone ring, which is solvated by the second monomer in which carbonyl groups are bent out of the para-quinone ring plane. Through the π-stacking interaction, the dimer anion exhibits a number of charge-transfer (intermol.) valence-localised resonances situated in the detachment continuum that undergo efficient internal conversion to a cluster dipole-bound state (DBS) on a ∼60 fs timescale. In turn, the DBS undergoes vibration-mediated autodetachment on a 2.0 ± 0.2 ps timescale. Exptl. vibrational structure and supporting calculations assign the intermol. dynamics to be facilitated by vibrational wagging modes of the carbonyl groups on the non-planar monomer. At photon energies ∼0.6-1.0 eV above the detachment threshold, a competition between photoexcitation of an intermol. resonance leading to the DBS, and photoexcitation of an intramol. resonance leading to monomer-like dynamics further illustrates the π-stacking specific dynamics. Overall, this study provides the first direct observation of both internal conversion of resonances into a DBS, and characterization of a vibration-mediated autodetachment in real-time. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Controlling n-Type Molecular Doping via Regiochemistry and Polarity of Pendant Groups on Low Band Gap Donor-Acceptor Copolymers was written by Ye, Gang;Liu, Jian;Qiu, Xinkai;Stater, Sebastian;Qiu, Li;Liu, Yuru;Yang, Xuwen;Hildner, Richard;Koster, L. Jan Anton;Chiechi, Ryan C.. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.Product Details of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

We demonstrate the impact of the type and position of pendant groups on the n-doping of low-band gap donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers. Polar glycol ether groups simultaneously increase the electron affinities of D-A copolymers and improve the host/dopant miscibility compared to nonpolar alkyl groups, improving the doping efficiency by a factor of over 40. The bulk mobility of the doped films increases with the fraction of polar groups, leading to a best conductivity of 0.08 S cm^-1 and power factor (PF) of 0.24μW m^-1 K^-2 in the doped copolymer with the polar pendant groups on both the D and A moieties. We used spatially resolved absorption spectroscopy to relate commensurate morphol. changes to the dispersion of dopants and to the relative local doping efficiency, demonstrating a direct relationship between the morphol. of the polymer phase, the solvation of the mol. dopant, and the elec. properties of doped films. Our work offers fundamental new insights into the influence of the phys. properties of pendant chains on the mol. doping process, which should be generalizable to any molecularly doped polymer films. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Product Details of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Product Details of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effect of ionotropic gelation of COOH-functionalized polymeric binders in multivalent ion batteries was written by Kim, Jinyoung;Baek, Minsung;Park, Kiho;Park, Youngbin;Hwang, Insu;Choi, Jang Wook. And the article was included in Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Multivalent ion batteries (MIBs) have received much attention as alternatives to the current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their high energy d. and the possibility of using raw materials with high natural abundance. However, the mechanochem. stability and key electrochem. performance of MIB electrodes are easily impaired during cycling by the large volume expansion of active materials and sluggish ion transport, raising the necessity of developing advanced binder designs. Herein, we report a systematic investigation of polysaccharide and polyacrylic acid binders with carboxylic acid functional groups for MIBs based on Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Al³⁺ in comparison with their monovalent counterpart. These binders with carboxylic acid functional groups form a rigid passivation layer on the electrode surface via the so-called egg-box mechanism involving the multivalent cations, imposing resistance and shortening the cycle life of the MIB cells. The series of comparative analyses provide useful information on the effect and design of popular carboxylic acid-functionalized binders for incorporation in MIBs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel 8a-Aza-8a-homoerythromycin A Ketolides was written by Pavlovic, Drazen;Mutak, Stjepan. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2010.HPLC of Formula: 1132-95-2 This article mentions the following:

A series of novel 6-O-substituted 8a-aza-8a-homoerythromycin A ketolides was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity. Key strategic elements of the synthesis include the base-induced E-Z isomerization of 3-O-descladinosyl-6-O-allylerythromycin A 9(E)-oxime followed by ring-expanding reaction of the resulting 9(Z)-oxime via Beckmann rearrangement. The ketolides showed potent activity against a variety of erythromycin-susceptible and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS_B) resistant Gram-pos. and fastidious Gram-neg. pathogens. The best compounds in this series overcome all types of resistance in relevant clin. Gram-pos. pathogens and display in vitro activity comparable to telithromycin and cethromycin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2HPLC of Formula: 1132-95-2).

1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.HPLC of Formula: 1132-95-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and fluorescent properties of aza-crown ether tethered BODIPY fluorophores was written by Yang, Lijing;Liao, De-Jhong;Wu, An-tai;Yan, Hongbin. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Five BODIPY analogs modified at the meso-position were synthesized through a Mannich-type reaction. Among these derivatives, aza-12-crown-4 analog 3c was found to show Cu²⁺-specific behavior in UV/vis and fluorescent spectra, leading to blue shifts in absorption and effective fluorescent quenching in the presence of Cu²⁺. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.HPLC of Formula: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tandem oxidative amidation of benzylic alcohols by copper(II) supported on metformin-graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as an efficient catalyst was written by Ghafuri, Hossein;Ghafori Gorab, Mostafa;Dogari, Haniyeh. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.SDS of cas: 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

In this research, an efficient heterogeneous catalyst based on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CN) was reported. The CN was functionalized by 1,3-dibromopropane as a linker (CN-Pr-Br) and subsequently modified with metformin (CN-Pr-Met). Furthermore, the copper(II) was coordinated on modified CN (CN-Pr-Met-Cu(II)) and during this process, 7.94% copper(II) was loaded into the catalyst structure. The synthesized catalyst was evaluated by various techniques including fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission SEM (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma at. emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). CN-Pr-Met-Cu(II) was used as a catalyst in the synthesis of amides via the oxidation of benzyl alcs. The conditions of this reaction were optimized in terms of temperature, time, amount of catalyst, type of base, oxidant, and solvent. Moreover, a variety of amides with an efficiency of 75-95% were synthesized. The reaction was carried out in the presence of benzyl alcs., amine hydrochloride salts, tert-Bu hydroperoxide (TBHP), CaCO₃, and CN-Pr-Met-Cu(II) at 80°C of acetonitrile solvent. The synthesized catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction medium and reused for 7 consecutive runs without a significant reduction in reaction efficiency. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5SDS of cas: 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.SDS of cas: 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Transetherification reaction of aromatic-aliphatic ethers. II. Influence of the presence of a nitro group in an aromatic nucleus was written by Galmarini, Oscar L.;Deulofeu, Venancio. And the article was included in Anales de la Asociacion Quimica Argentina (1921-2001) in 1957.Quality Control of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

Ether groups undergo nucleophilic displacement in an aromatic nucleus if there is a nitro group in a para position. 5-Methoxy-2-nitrotoluene is partially converted by boiling with NaOEt in EtOH 12 hrs. to 5-ethoxy-2-nitrotoluene (I), but I is unaffected on boiling with NaOMe in MeOH. 4-Methoxy-2-nitrotoluene is not affected by aqueous KOH or NaOEt. Similarly 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrotoluene (II) is converted to 5-ethoxy-4-methoxy-2-nitrotoluene (III). Oliverio (Boll. sedute accad. Gioenia sci. nat. Catania [3] 1937) gave the product as 4,5-diethoxy-2-nitrotoluene (IV). IV is partially converted to 4-ethoxy-5-methoxy-2-nitrotoluene (V) and III and V are partially interconverted by NaOEt. The mixtures of toluene ethers could not be separated, but were oxidized to the corresponding benzoic acids which were separated by paper chromatography using 8:1:1 iso-PrOH-NH₄OH-H₂O. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Quality Control of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Quality Control of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem