Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

A scale-up procedure to dialkyl carbonates; evaluation of their properties, biodegradability, and toxicity was written by Trapasso, Giacomo;Salaris, Claudio;Reich, Marco;Logunova, Evgenia;Salata, Cristiano;Kummerer, Klaus;Figoli, Alberto;Arico, Fabio. And the article was included in Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy in 2022.Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

In this work, a scale-up procedure to non-com. available or expensive dialkyl carbonates via transcarbonylation reaction of an alc. with di-Me carbonate promoted by 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) was explored. DACs selected for this study include sym. and unsym. compounds incorporating alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and thioalkyl moieties. Compared to previously published works, the proposed procedure was customized for large-scale production of DACs (up to 100 mL); purification of the products was achieved by distillation, and recycling of the exceeding reagents was addressed. Furthermore, the role of the catalyst was investigated, and a possible reaction mechanism proposed. The chem.-phys. properties of the new DACs were evaluated employing softwares and models based on quant. structure-activity relationships (QSAR). Biodegradability and toxicity tests was also carried out both exptl. and by computational studies so to investigate the effect of the sulfur, nitrogen, or oxygen-containing moieties on the greenness of these – in some cases new -solvents and reagents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Remarkable Mg²⁺-selective emission of an azacrown receptor based on Ir(III) complex was written by Brandel, Jeremy;Sairenji, Masaki;Ichikawa, Kyoko;Nabeshima, Tatsuya. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2010.Application of 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

A new aza-15-crown-5 ether-appended iridium complex was synthesized and showed promising on-off selective emission-triggering by inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) upon binding of Mg²⁺. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Application of 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application of 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline derivative with the chelating substituent and synthesis and spectral properties as a fluorescent sensor for cation detection was written by Danel, Andrzej;Kolbus, Anna;Grabka, Danuta;Kucharek, Mateusz;Pokladko-Kowar, Monika. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 2021.Electric Literature of C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

A new fluorescent 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline derivative (PQ4K, I) with a crown moiety was synthesized and investigated as a potential sensor for certain cations. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to investigate the spectral properties of PQ4K. The compound absorbed blue light and emitted a low intensity blue-green light. After dissolving PQ4K in methanol and acetonitrile, the fluorescence response for the presence of selected di- and trivalent ions like Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺, Al³⁺, Cr³⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺ was checked. The PQ4K solutions strongly responded to some metal ions increasing the fluorescence intensity and the red shift of the fluorescence spectrum. The highest yields was observed for the Pb²⁺ ions in the PQ4K-methanol solution and for the Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺ ions in the PQ4K-acetonitrile solution No increase in the fluorescence intensity for Hg²⁺ ions was observed Much higher quantum yields were observed for solutions with acetonitrile than with methanol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Electric Literature of C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Electric Literature of C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Discrete, Base-Free, Cationic Alkaline-Earth Complexes – Access and Catalytic Activity in the Polymerization of Lactide was written by Sarazin, Yann;Poirier, Valentin;Roisnel, Thierry;Carpentier, Jean-Francois. And the article was included in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry in 2010.Name: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

Well-defined, base free cations of zinc and the alk.-earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) supported by a multi-dentate phenolate ligand and stabilized by perfluorinated weakly coordinating counterions are readily available by simple procedures; the solid-state structures of the magnesium and calcium derivatives were elucidated. Upon treatment with an excess of iPrOH, these complexes generate highly efficient binary catalytic systems for the immortal ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide, yielding poly(L-lactide)s with controlled architectures and mol. features. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Name: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Name: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and reactivity of (aryloxy)cumyl chlorides was written by Litvinenko, L. M.;Benndorf, Werner;Popova, R. S.;Popov, A. F.;Tormosin, I. I.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii in 1983.Name: 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone This article mentions the following:

Ullmann condensation of RC₆H₄OH (R = 3-Cl, 3-F, 4-Cl, 4-F, H, 4-Me, 4-MeO) with 4-BrC₆H₄COMe at 200° gave the corresponding RC₆H₄OC₆H₄COMe-4, Grignard methylation of which gave 56.1-92.9% RC₆H₄OC₆H₄CMe₂OH-4 (I). Saturating the unstable I in CH₂Cl₂ with dry HCl gave the title chlorides, the solvolysis rates of which in 90% aqueous Me₂CO increased in the stated order of R and correlated with the σ⁰ and σ_R⁺ constants of R (ρ⁰ = -1.22). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8Name: 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Name: 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

High-Performance Humidity Sensing in π-Conjugated Molecular Assemblies through the Engineering of Electron/Proton Transport and Device Interfaces was written by Turetta, Nicholas;Stoeckel, Marc-Antoine;Furlan de Oliveira, Rafael;Devaux, Felix;Greco, Alessandro;Cendra, Camila;Gullace, Sara;Gicevicius, Mindaugas;Chattopadhyay, Basab;Liu, Jie;Schweicher, Guillaume;Sirringhaus, Henning;Salleo, Alberto;Bonn, Mischa;Backus, Ellen H. G.;Geerts, Yves H.;Samori, Paolo. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.Application of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

The development of systems capable of responding to environmental changes, such as humidity, requires the design and assembly of highly sensitive and efficiently transducing elements. Such a challenge can be mastered only by disentangling the role played by each component of the responsive system, thus ultimately achieving high performance by optimizing the synergistic contribution of all functional elements. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene derivative equipped with hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol lateral chains (OEG-BTBT) that can elec. transduce subtle changes in ambient humidity with high current ratios (>10⁴) at low voltages (2 V), reaching state-of-the-art performance. Multiscale structural, spectroscopical, and elec. characterizations were employed to elucidate the role of each device constituent, viz., the active material’s BTBT core and OEG side chains, and the device interfaces. While the BTBT mol. core promotes the self-assembly of (semi)conducting crystalline films, its OEG side chains are prone to adsorb ambient moisture. These chains act as hotspots for hydrogen bonding with atm. water mols. that locally dissociate when a bias voltage is applied, resulting in a mixed electronic/protonic long-range conduction throughout the film. Due to the OEG-BTBT mols.’ orientation with respect to the surface and structural defects within the film, water mols. can access the humidity-sensitive sites of the SiO₂ substrate surface, whose hydrophilicity can be tuned for an improved device response. The synergistic chem. engineering of materials and interfaces is thus key for designing highly sensitive humidity-responsive elec. devices whose mechanism relies on the interplay of electron and proton transport. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Application of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Prediction of CO₂ solubility in glymes and ionic liquids using modified generalized BWR EoS was written by Nishiumi, Hideo;Kodama, Daisuke. And the article was included in Fluid Phase Equilibria in 2022.Product Details of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Glymes or ionic liquids are considered excellent solvents for carbon capture because they are insoluble in the gas phase during CO₂ recovery. Hence, it is beneficial to predict the solubility of CO₂ in these solvents to plan appropriate experiments for achieving carbon neutrality. In this study, Joback’s simple group contribution method (Joback and Reid, Chem. Eng. Commun. 57 (1987) 233-243) was used to predict the effectivity of ionic liquids or glymes toward CO₂ dissolution Using this method, the fundamental and critical properties, such as critical temperature, critical pressure, critical molar volume, and acentric factor, were predicted. A binary interaction parameter, mij, which is necessary for calculating the solubility of CO₂ in glyme or an ionic liquid, was also predicted using the critical volume ratio, Vc,i/Vc,CO₂. Using the modified generalized BWR EoS, the value was best fitted at approx. 300 and 370 K. In general, the method proposed was effective in predicting the amount of CO₂ that will dissolve in an unknown ionic liquid, which is essential for achieving carbon neutrality. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Product Details of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Product Details of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Crown Ether Derivatised Pyromellitic Diimides was written by Sandanayake, Saman;Langford, Steven J.. And the article was included in Australian Journal of Chemistry in 2014.SDS of cas: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Pyromellitic diimide functionalized on the aromatic core with azacrown ethers were synthesized and characterized by anal. methods including x-ray crystallog. Changes in their UV-visible spectra by the addition of metal salts were studied. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3SDS of cas: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.SDS of cas: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Studies on antiulcer agents. II. Synthesis and antiulcer activity of phenylpropanol derivatives was written by Muto, Yoshiaki;Ichikawa, Hiromi;Seiki, Masao;Shirataki, Yoshiaki;Yokoe, Ichiro;Komatsu, Manki. And the article was included in Yakugaku Zasshi in 1994.Synthetic Route of C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

It was found that γ-irigermanal, obtained from the methanol extract of root of Iris germanica, exhibited a potent antiulcer activity. Therefore, this compound was selected as a lead-compound, and related compounds were synthesized and tested for antiulcer activities. It was found that (±) Et 2-[2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-oxocyclohexylidene]propionate (1) had excellent antiulcer activities. Then phenylpropanol derivatives, obtained by changing from cyclohexane ring of 1 to benzene ring, were synthesized and tested for antiulcer activities in order to study structure-activity relationships. As a result, (±) Et 2-[2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl]propionate (2b) and (±) 3-[2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-2-butanone (5) were shown to have antiulcer activities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Synthetic Route of C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Synthetic Route of C11H16O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Promoting reversible cathode reactions in magnesium rechargeable batteries using metastable cubic MgMn₂O₄ spinel nanoparticles was written by Kobayashi, Hiroaki;Samukawa, Kouta;Nakayama, Masanobu;Mandai, Toshihiko;Honma, Itaru. And the article was included in ACS Applied Nano Materials in 2021.Formula: C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

Magnesium rechargeable batteries are candidates for post-lithium-ion batteries owing to the low price and superior theor. volume energy d. of Mg anodes. As a promising cathode material, MgMn₂O₄ spinel has a high energy d. with a high operating voltage, and a relatively high ionic conductivity However, the tetragonal symmetry of MgMn₂O₄, originating from the Jahn-Teller effect of Mn³⁺ ions, causes irreversible structural changes during the charge/discharge process, leading to poor reversibility. We developed metastable cubic MgMn₂O₄ spinel nanoparticles using the hot-injection method under low-temperature solvothermal conditions. Compared to tetragonal MgMn₂O₄, its cubic phase exhibited a superior reversible capacity, both exptl. and theor., at room temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Formula: C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Formula: C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem