Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Facile Fabrication of Oxidation-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Effective Anticancer Drug Delivery was written by Huang, Yamei;Chen, Qiubing;Ma, Panpan;Song, Heliang;Ma, Xiaoqian;Ma, Ya;Zhou, Xin;Gou, Shuangquan;Xu, Zhigang;Chen, Jiucun;Xiao, Bo. And the article was included in Molecular Pharmaceutics in 2019.Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly overproduced in cancerous tissues, and thus oxidation-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising drug carrier for cancer-targeted drug delivery. In this study, we successfully synthesized poly(vanillyl alc.-co-oxalate) (PVAX) polymer with an excellent ROS-responsive capacity. A well-established emulsion-solvent evaporation method was used to fabricate PVAX-based curcumin (CUR)-loaded NPs (PVAX-NPs) and their counterparts (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based CUR-loaded NPs, PLGA-NPs). It was found that these NPs had a hydrodynamic particle size of approx. 245 nm, narrow size distribution (polydispersity index less than 0.1), neg. zeta potential (around -18 mV), smooth surface appearance, and high drug encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, we found that the CUR release rate of PVAX-NPs was greatly increased in the presence of a hydrogen peroxide-rich environment due to the cleavage of polyoxalate ester bonds in PVAX polymer, resulting in the evenly distribution of CUR within the whole cancer cells. More importantly, PVAX-NPs exhibited much stronger anticancer activities and pro-apoptotic capacities than PLGA-NPs both in vitro and in vivo. These results clearly demonstrate that these ROS-responsive PVAX-NPs can be exploited as a robust anticancer drug delivery platform in chemotherapy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Formula: C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Formula: C9H12O3

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Sustainable Process for the Depolymerization/oxidation of softwood and hardwood kraft lignins using hydrogen peroxide under ambient conditions was written by Ahmad, Zaid;Al Dajani, Waleed Wafa;Paleologou, Michael;Xu, Chunbao Charles. And the article was included in Molecules in 2020.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The present study demonstrated a sustainable and cost-effective approach to depolymerize/oxidize softwood (SW) and hardwood (HW) kraft lignins using concentrated hydrogen peroxide at temperatures ranging from 25 to 35°C, in the absence of catalysts or organic solvents. The degree of lignin depolymerization could be simply controlled by reaction time, and no further separation process was needed at the completion of the treatment. The obtained depolymerized lignin products were comprehensively characterized by GPC-UV, FTIR, ³¹P-NMR, TGA, Py-GC/MS and elemental anal. The weight-average mol. weights (M_w) of the depolymerized lignins obtained from SW or HW lignin at a lignin/H₂O₂ mass ratio of 1:1 after treatment for 120 h at room temperature (≈25°C) were approx. 1420 Da. The contents of carboxylic acid groups in the obtained depolymerized lignins were found to significantly increase compared with those of the untreated raw lignins. Moreover, the depolymerized lignin products had lower thermal decomposition temperatures than those of the raw lignins, as expected, owing to the greatly reduced M_w. These findings represent a novel solution to lignin depolymerization for the production of chems. that can be utilized as a bio-substitute for petroleum-based polyols in polyurethane production This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
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Influence of Diet-Induced Obesity on the Bioavailability and Metabolism of Raspberry Ketone (4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-Butanone) in Mice was written by Zhao, Danyue;Yuan, Bo;Kshatriya, Dushyant;Polyak, Andrew;Simon, James E.;Bello, Nicholas T.;Wu, Qingli. And the article was included in Molecular Nutrition & Food Research in 2020.Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Raspberry ketone (RK) is the primary aroma compound in red raspberries and a dietary supplement for weight loss. This work aims to (1) compare RK bioavailability in male vs. female, normal-weight vs. obese mice; (2) characterize RK metabolic pathways. Study 1: C57BL/6J male and female mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD; 10% fat) receive a single oral gavage dose of RK (200 mg kg^-1). Blood, brain, and white adipose tissue (WAT) are collected over 12 h. Study 2: Male mice are fed a LFD or high-fat diet (45% fat) for 8 wk before RK dosing. Samples collected are analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS for RK and its metabolites. RK is rapidly absorbed (T_max ≈ 15 min), and bioconverted into diverse metabolites in mice. Total bioavailability (AUC_0-12h) is slightly lower in females than males (566 vs 675 nmol mL^-1 min^-1). Total bioavailability in obese mice is almost doubled that of control mice (1197 vs 679 nmol mL^-1 min^-1), while peaking times and elimination half-lives are delayed. Higher levels of RK and major metabolites are found in WAT of the obese than normal-weight animals. RK is highly bioavailable, rapidly metabolized, and exhibits significantly different pharmacokinetic behaviors between obese and control mice. Lipid-rich tissues, especially WAT, can be a direct target of RK. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Efficient Utilization and Conversion of Whole Components in Waste Biomass with One-Pot-Oriented Liquefaction was written by Feng, Junfeng;Tong, Le;Zhu, Yanqi;Jiang, Jianchun;Hse, Chungyun;Pan, Hui. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2019.Computed Properties of C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A simple oriented liquefaction with microwave assistance was introduced to produce phenolic compounds and cellulose nanofibers from the comprehensive utilization of biomass. Effects of process parameters on the yield and composition of liquefied straw products were investigated. Liquefied products was separated into liquid and solid products. The highest phenolics content (72.87%) in liquid products was achieved; the yield of nanofibers from liquefied solid products was 47.43 wt %. With stepwise extraction, phenolics with nice reactivity were largely separated into three fractions. They were mainly composed of phenolic compounds and aromatic derivatives and had good solubility in organic solvents. After a chem.-purified treatment, solid products containing highly crystalline cellulose were converted into nanofibers with good application. These simple processes achieve a comprehensive use of liquefied products to various synthetical directions based on different mol. structures and chem. solubility Directional liquefaction was significantly effective to produce renewable phenolics and nanofibers and realizes the integrated valorization of whole components in waste biomass. Oriented liquefaction with microwave assistance to produce phenolic compounds and cellulose nanofibers from the comprehensive utilization of biomass is discussed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Computed Properties of C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Computed Properties of C9H12O3

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Phosphorus-Based Organocatalysis for the Dehydrative Cyclization of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)amides into 2-Oxazolines was written by Soleymani Movahed, Farzaneh;Foo, Siong Wan;Mori, Shogo;Ogawa, Saeko;Saito, Susumu. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 2-Methoxyethylamine The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A metal-free, biomimetic catalytic protocol for the cyclization of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amides to the corresponding 2-oxazolines (4,5-dihydrooxazoles), promoted by the 1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphorine (TAP)-derived organocatalyst tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene was developed. This approach required less precatalyst compared to the reported relevant systems, with respect to the phosphorus atom (the maximum turnover number (TON) ~30), and exhibited a broader substrate scope and higher functional-group tolerance, providing the functionalized 2-oxazolines with retention of the configuration at the C(4) stereogenic center of the 2-oxazolines. Widely accessible β-amino alcs. was used in this approach and the cyclization of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amides provided the desired 2-oxazolines in up to 99% yield. The mechanism of the reaction was studied by monitoring the reaction using spectral and anal. methods, whereby an ¹⁸O-labeling experiment furnished valuable insights. The initial step involved a stoichiometric reaction between the substrate and tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene, which lead to the in-situ generation of the catalyst, a catechol cyclic phosphate, as well as to a pyrocatechol phosphate and two possible active intermediates. The dehydrative cyclization was also successfully conducted on the gram scale. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Quality Control of 2-Methoxyethylamine).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Quality Control of 2-Methoxyethylamine

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Streptochlorin analogues as potential antifungal agents: Design, synthesis, antifungal activity and molecular docking study was written by Gao, Ya;Huang, Dai-Chuan;Liu, Chang;Song, Zi-Long;Liu, Jing-Rui;Guo, Shu-Ke;Tan, Jun-Yang;Qiu, Run-Ling;Jin, Bing;Zhang, Haifeng;Mulholland, Nick;Han, Xinya;Xia, Qinfei;Ali, Abdallah S.;Guo, Dale;Deng, Yun;Gu, Yu-Cheng;Zhang, Ming-Zhi. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Streptochlorin is a small mol. of indole alkaloid isolated from marine Streptomyces sp., it is a promising lead compound due to its potent bioactivity in preventing many phytopathogens in our previous study, but further structural modifications are required to improve its antifungal activity. Our work in this paper focused on the replacement of oxazole ring in streptochlorin with the imidazole ring, to discover novel analogs. Based on this design strategy, three series of streptochlorin analogs were efficiently synthesized through sequential Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, Van Leusen imidazole synthesis and halogenation reaction. Some of the analogs displayed excellent activity in the primary assay, and this is highlighted by compounds I and II, the growth inhibition against Alternaria Leaf Spot and Rhizoctorzia solani under 50μg/mL are 97.5% and 90.3%, resp., even more active than those of streptochlorin, pimprinine and Osthole. Mol. docking models indicated that streptochlorin binds with Thermus thermophiles Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase in a similar mode to AN2690, offering a perspective on the mode of action study for antifungal activities of streptochlorin derivatives Further study is still ongoing with the aim of discovering synthetic analogs, with improved antifungal activity and clear mode of action. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Microwave Assisted Depolymerization of Alkaline Lignin over Hydrotalcite-Based CuNiAl Mixed Oxides was written by Zhou, Minghao;Sharma, Brajendra K.;Liu, Peng;Xia, Haihong;Xu, Junming;Jiang, Jian-chun. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2018.Synthetic Route of C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, microwave assisted depolymerization of alk. lignin into bio-oil was investigated in the presence of CuNiAl hydrotalcite based solid base catalysts in methanol. The effects of catalysts, reaction temperature, time, and heating methods were all studied in detail to improve the bio-oil yield. The promotion effect of microwave heating and Cu amount in the CuNiAl based catalysts was obviously observed during degradation of lignin, leading to improved bio-oil yield and lower mol. weight The highest yield of bio-oil was up to 60.1%, when the depolymerization was conducted at 160 °C for 80 min over CuNiAl based catalyst (metal ratio of 1.5:4.5:2). The monomers and oligomers were identified by GC-MS and MALDI-TOF MS, finding p-hydroxyacetophenone (H2), guaiacol (G1), p-hydroxyacetovanillon (G5), and syringaldehyde (S3) as the main monophenols in bio-oil. The possible chem. structures for oligomers with mol. weight of 288 m/z, 306 m/z, 316 m/z, 330 m/z, 412 m/z, 426 m/z, and 456 m/z were obtained, and plausible depolymerization pathways were proposed in order to facilitate the understanding of possible relationship for the formation of prominent oligomers and monomers. This study confirmed that heterogeneous base catalysts coupled with microwave heating could provide a promising technique to convert lignin to liquid fuels. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Synthetic Route of C9H12O3).

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Synthetic Route of C9H12O3

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Selective and effective anticancer agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationships of novel carbazole derivatives was written by Huang, Wenbo;Gao, Zilin;Zhang, Zhigang;Fang, Wei;Wang, Zuoqian;Wan, Zhongyi;Shi, Liqiao;Wang, Kaimei;Ke, Shaoyong. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2021.Reference of 109-85-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The aim of this article was to explore new chem. entities containing carbazole scaffold as potential novel cytotoxic agents based on our developed three-component indole-to-carbazole reaction. Two series of carbazoles, compounds I [R¹ = H, Me; R² = cyclohexyl, 4-fluorophenyl, quinolin-8-yl, etc.] and II [R³ = H, Me; R⁴ = methoxyethyl, (methylsulfonyl)ethyl, 4-fluorophenethyl, etc.] were designed and synthesized, and their in-vitro cytotoxic activities against three cell lines (A875, HepG2, and MARC145) were evaluated. The results indicated that some of these carbazole derivatives exhibited significantly good cytotoxic activities against tested cell lines compared with the control 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Especially, carbazole acylhydrazone, compounds I [R¹ = H, R² = benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl] and [R¹ = Me, R² = 4-chlorophenyl] displayed high inhibitory activity on cancer cells, but almost no activity on normal cells. Further anal. of induced apoptosis for potential compounds indicated that the potential antitumor agents induced cell death in A875 cells at least partly (initially) by apoptosis, which might be used as promising lead scaffold for discovery of novel carbazole-type cytotoxic agents. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3Reference of 109-85-3).

2-Methoxyethylamine (cas: 109-85-3) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Reference of 109-85-3

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Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Design of Turmeric Rhizome Extract Nano-Formula for Delivery to Cancer Cells was written by Auychaipornlert, Sakchai;Lawanprasert, Pojawon Prayurnprohm;Piriyaprasarth, Suchada;Sithisarn, Pongtip;Mangmool, Supachoke. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Novel turmeric rhizome extract nanoparticles (TE-NPs) were developed from fractions of dried turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) rhizome. Phytochem. studies, by using HPLC and TLC, of the fractions obtained from ethanol extraction and solvent-solvent extraction showed that turmeric rhizome ethanol extract (EV) and chloroform fraction (CF) were composed mainly of three curcuminoids and turmeric oil. Hexane fraction (HE) was composed mainly of turmeric oil while Et acetate fraction (EA) was composed mainly of three curcuminoids. The optimal TE-NPs formulation with particle size of 159.6 ± 1.7 nm and curcumin content of 357.48 ± 8.39μM was successfully developed from 47-run D-optimal mixture-process variables exptl. design. Three regression models of z-average, d50, and d90 could be developed with a reasonable accuracy of prediction (predicted r2 values were in the range of 0.9120-0.9992). An in vitro cytotoxicity study using MTT assay demonstrated that the optimal TE-NPs remarkably exhibited the higher cytotoxic effect on human hepatoma cells, HepG2, when compared with free curcumin. This study is the first to report nanoparticles prepared from turmeric rhizome extract and their cytotoxic activity to hepatic cancer cells compared with pure curcumin. These nanoparticles might serve as a potential delivery system for cancer therapy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

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Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Experimental and theoretical study on the effectiveness of ionic liquids as corrosion inhibitors was written by Hernandez-Bravo, Raiza;Miranda, Alma D.;Parra, Jose G.;Alvarado-Orozco, Juan M.;Dominguez-Esquivel, Jose M.;Mujica, Vladimiro. And the article was included in Computational & Theoretical Chemistry in 2022.Formula: C10H22O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An exptl. and computational study, using a D. Functional Theory approach, was made about the anticorrosive effect of ionic liquids on hematite surfaces. Based on the hypothesis that adsorption is an initial step in the kinetics of corrosion, followed by electron transfer processes, adsorption energy calculations and corrosion rates are determined to investigate the effect as corrosion inhibitor of ionic liquids mols. Several, potential descriptors of the inhibitor performance, conceptualized as an electrochem. process, based on the frontier orbital theory were used to characterize the interactions that might inhibit the corrosion, including the energies of the highest occupied (E_LUMO) and lowest unoccupied (E_HOMO) MOs, the energy gap between orbitals, crossed energies differences between HOMO and LUMO of the intervening chem. species and the surface, electronegativity (χ), hardness (η), and number of transferred electrons (ΔN). The main conclusion is that although the adsorption energy is a key parameter in establishing a correlation between calculated parameters and the exptl. characterization of the ILs, the remaining chem. predictors also play an important role on the descriptions of activity corrosion, especially the electronegativity difference between surface and ILs, and the hardness of the IL. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Formula: C10H22O3).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C10H22O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem