Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Using high-throughput techniques to identify complexants for ¹³⁷Cs, ⁶⁰Co and ⁹⁰Sr was written by Demetriou, Anna M.;Crouch, David J.;Batey, Helen D.;Faulkner, Stephen;Yeates, Stephen G.;Livens, Francis R.. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry in 2008.Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

High-throughput synthetic and screening methods have been used to prepare and evaluate Cs, Co and Sr selective sequestering agents derived from aza-crown ethers. Storage phosphor autoradiog. was the screening method used to determine potential lead compounds The most effective complexants for Cs⁺ have a very high selectivity over K ions and will bind picomolar quantities of Cs⁺ in the presence of mM K⁺. The binding and selectivity of these compounds with ⁶⁰Co and ⁹⁰Sr have also been studied and selectivity was also determined with tap H₂O and Ca²⁺, resp. Experiments with tap H₂O spiked with ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co were carried out to confirm the decontamination capabilities of some of the compounds and a good correlation between autoradiog. and these results were found. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Self-Isomerized-Cyclometalated Rhodium NHC Complexes as Active Catalysts in the Hydrosilylation of Internal Alkynes was written by van Vuuren, Estefan;Malan, Frederick P.;Cordier, Werner;Nell, Margo;Landman, Marile. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

A range of unique Rh-based bidentate NHC complexes that are formed in a base free-tandem isomerization/cyclometalation process, were synthesized (1–4) from a range of imidazolium salts with an N-alkenyl tether. Cyclometalation occurred with complex 1 leading to an unprecedented complex, which is the 1st and only example in literature of a nonaromatic C(sp²)-H activation leading to a C(sp³)-Rh cyclometalated product with a concomitant intramol./isomerization process. Dealkylation of the N-alkenyl substituent occurred to form byproducts that showed metal N-coordination (1b and 2b). These byproducts, 1b and 2b, were further reacted with the anion exchange reagent NH₄PF₆ to form the dimeric complexes 1bd and 2bd. All the complexes were applied as precatalysts in the hydrosilylation of internal alkynes with excellent performance (conversions of 66-100%) after only 1 h at 80° without the use of an additive. Anticancer studies showed that complexes presented with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 3.71 to 25.85μM. Depending on the cell line, complex 4 was the most cytotoxic complex, especially in the BT-20 triple-neg. breast carcinoma, MCF-12A nontumorigenic mammary gland cell, MDA-MB-231 triple-neg. breast carcinoma and MCF-7/TAMR-1 tamoxifen-resistant subtype of the MCF-7 estrogen- and progesterone-pos. luminal breast carcinoma cell lines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8HPLC of Formula: 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).HPLC of Formula: 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Preparation of Optically Enriched 3-Hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones by Heterogeneous Catalytic Cascade Reaction over Supported Platinum Catalyst was written by Szollosi, Gyoergy;Makra, Zsolt;Kovacs, Lenke;Fueloep, Ferenc;Bartok, Mihaly. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2013.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

The development of a novel heterogeneous catalytic asym. cascade reaction for the synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines from 2-nitrophenylpyruvatesis reported. Optically enriched 3-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones I (R = Et, Me, X = H, 3-Me, 4-Me, 5-Me, 6-Me, 3-MeO, 5-MeO, 3-iso-Pr, 4-F, 5-F, 6-F, Y = H, 5-Me) are prepared from pyruvates II by enantioselective hydrogenation of the activated keto group over a Cinchona alkaloid-modified Pt catalyst, reduction of the nitro group and spontaneous cyclization cascade. Acceleration of the enantioselective hydrogenation of the activated keto group over the catalyst modified by Cinchona alkaloids ensured high tetrahydroquinolinone selectivities. The scope of the reaction was checked using twelve substrates. Both yields and enantioselectivities were significantly influenced by the nature and position of the substituents on the Ph ring. Substituents adjacent to the nitro group considerably increased the product yield, due to their effect on the nitro group’s reduction rate; however, had only a limited effect on enantioselectivities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Studies on mixed trialkyltin derivatives. VIII. Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of methyldicyclohexyltin aryloxyacetates was written by Jiang, Li;Yang, Zhi-Qiang;Xie, Qing-Lan;Shan, Shu-Xiang. And the article was included in Huaxue Xuebao in 1995.Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of twenty X_nC₆H_5-nOCH₂CO₂SnCy₂Me (Cy = cyclohexyl; n = 1, X = H, 2-, 3-, and 4-Cl, 2- and 4-Br, 2-, 3-, and 4-Me, 2- and 4-MeO, 4-iodo, 3-NO₂; n = 2, X₂ = 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,6-, 3,4-, and 3,5-Me₂, 2-MeO-4-allyl; n = 3, X₃ = 2,4,5-Cl₃) in 90-95% yields from bis(methyldicyclohexyltin) oxide and the corresponding aryloxyacetic acids is reported. Their characterization by IR and NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ¹¹⁹Sn) spectroscopy is described. These compounds are five-coordinate, carboxylate-bridged polymers except 11 and 12. A good linear relation is found between the ¹¹⁹Sn chem. shifts and the aryl groups: δ¹¹⁹Sn = 6.23σ + 94.67, r = 0.943. The results of the preliminary bioassay showed that the compounds have better antibiotic activities to plant pathogenic fungi, herbicidal and inhibitory activities, especially high acaricidal activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Formula: C9H10O4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Antibacterial activities of some arylidene barbiturate derivatives was written by Khan, Khalid Mohammed;Ali, Muhammad;Ahmad, Aqeel;Amyn, Afroze;Karim, Aneela;Khan, Momin;Parveen, Shahnaz. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan in 2013.Reference of 57179-35-8 This article mentions the following:

A series of arylidene barbiturates 1-18 has been synthesized and evaluated against a number of Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacterial strains. Chromenopyrimidinedione derivatives 16 and 18 were found to be the most active against a number of Gram-pos. organisms while compound 13 also showed antimicrobial activity against four Gram-pos. strains. No significant activity was observed against Gram-neg. bacterial strains. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Reference of 57179-35-8).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Reference of 57179-35-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Environmental risk assessment of inter-well partitioning tracer compounds shortlisted for the offshore oil and gas industry was written by Vora, Mehul;Gamlem Njau, John-Sigvard;Sanni, Steinar;Flage, Roger. And the article was included in Energy Exploration & Exploitation in 2022.Computed Properties of C8H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Quantifying residual oil saturation (SOR) in the inter-well region of oil and gas reservoirs is key for successfully implementing EOR solutions Partitioning inter-well tracer tests (PITTs) has become a common method for quantifying SOR. A new group of seven chems. – pyridine, 2,3-di-Me pyrazine, 2,6-di-Me pyrazine, 4-methoxybenzyl alc., 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alc., 4-chlorobenzyl alc., and 2,6-dichlorobenzyl alc. – have been proposed as potential partitioning tracers for quantifying SOR. Using these tracers can lead to their environmental release in the marine environment through produced water discharges, with currently limited knowledge on impacts in the marine ecosystem. The primary objective of the present study is to assess the environmental risk of discharging the tracer compounds in the marine environment. We investigated the fate and effect of these tracers in the marine environment. Biodegradability in seawater was measured to understand the fate of tracers in the marine environment. The acute toxicity of tracers was measured in terms of the percent cell viability of a rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1) and growth inhibition of the algae Skeletonema costatum. The ecotoxicol. information obtained from these experiments was used in the dynamic risk and effects assessment model (DREAM) to calculate the tracers contribution to the environmental impact factor (EIF). The results from the DREAM simulations suggest no contribution towards EIF values from any of the tracers at the expected back-produced concentrations Results from simulations at higher concentrations suggest that both pyrazines have the lowest environmental risk, followed by 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alc., 4-methoxybenzyl alc., and pyridine; while both chlorobenzyl alcs. show the highest environmental risk. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Computed Properties of C8H10O2).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Computed Properties of C8H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Sustaining Electron Transfer Pathways Extends Biohybrid Photoelectrode Stability to Years was written by Friebe, Vincent M.;Barszcz, Agata J.;Jones, Michael R.;Frese, Raoul N.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The exploitation of natural photosynthetic enzymes in semi-artificial devices constitutes an attractive and potentially sustainable route for the conversion of solar energy into electricity and solar fuels. However, the stability of photosynthetic proteins after incorporation in a biohybrid architecture typically limits the operational lifetime of biophotoelectrodes to a few hours. Here, we demonstrate ways to greatly enhance the stability of a mesoporous electrode coated with the RC-LH1 photoprotein from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. By preserving electron transfer pathways, we extended operation under continuous high-light to 33 days, and operation after storage to over two years. Coupled with large photocurrents that reached peak values of 4.6 mA cm^-2, the optimized biophotoelectrode produced a cumulative output of 86 C cm^-2, the largest reported performance to date. Our results demonstrate that the factor limiting stability is the architecture surrounding the photoprotein, and that biohybrid sensors and photovoltaic devices with operational lifetimes of years are feasible. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Debenzylation of functionalized 4- and 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles was written by Farooq, Tahir;Sydnes, Leiv K.;Tornroos, Karl W.;Haug, Bengt Erik. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2012.Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

A range of 4- and 5-substituted N-benzyl-1,2,3-triazoles have been submitted to debenzylation using Pd/C and hydrogen in the presence of 1,1,2-trichloroethane. Triazoles with oxygen-containing substituents are efficiently debenzylated under these conditions. Triazoles with a Ph or benzyl substituent on C4 or C5 are not debenzylated, whereas a pentyl-substituted derivative was readily debenzylated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Formula: C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Formula: C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Use of molecular sieves in synthesis. Aldehyde and ketone di-sec-alkyl acetals was written by Roelofsen, D. P.;Van Bekkum, H.. And the article was included in Synthesis in 1972.Product Details of 1132-95-2 This article mentions the following:

Mol. sieves adsorbed H2O in reaction of secondary alcs. with aldehydes and ketones to give 62-94% (>98% purity) RR1η(OR2)2 (I). Thus, 40 g powd. type 5a com. mol. sieve was added to 0.10 mole RR1ηO, 0.40 mole R2OH, 150 ml cyclohexane, and 3.8 g p-MeC6H4SO3H.H2O, and the mixture stirred 2 hr at 0° to give I (R,R1..sigma.2 given): Me, Me, Me2CH; Me, Me, cyclohexyl; Me2CH, H, Me2CH; Me2CH, H, MeEtCH; Me2CH, H, cyclohexyl; Ph, H, Me2CH and I[RR1(CH2)5], R2 = Me2CH and MeEtCH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2Product Details of 1132-95-2).

1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Product Details of 1132-95-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ionic liquid/H₂SO₄ catalyzed aerobic iodination of alkoxyl-substituted benzenes and naphthalenes was written by Ren, Yun-lai;Wang, Pei;Tian, Xin-zhe;Li, Fu-wei;Wang, Bin-yu;Wang, Jian-ji. And the article was included in Fenzi Cuihua in 2015.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([Bmim][NO₃]) was introduced as both the solvent and catalyst for the activation of the mol. oxygen related to the aerobic iodination of arenes, which provides an effective and practical strategy for the synthesis of aryl iodides. The presented procedure allows a series of alkoxyl-substituted benzenes and naphthalenes to undergo the aerobic iodination in high yields and selectivities at an ambient temperature of 40°C. Almost all the atoms in the iodine source can be transferred to the final products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem