Ethers-buliding-blocks

Juvenile hormone like substances. Part XIV. Synthesis and biological activities of some juvenile hormone analogues containing peptidic feature was written by Mahajan, R. K.;Sharma, G. C.. And the article was included in Journal of Indian Council of Chemists in 1998.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Juvenile hormone analogs which contain glycinate moiety, i.e. 4-RC₆H₄OCH₂CON(R¹)CH₂CO₂R³ (R = H, Cl, Me, OMe, NO₂, R¹ = H, R³ = CHMe₂; R = H, Cl, Me, OMe, R¹ = H, R³ = CH₂Me; R = H, Cl, Me, OMe, R¹ = H, R³ = CH₂CHMe₂;R = H, Cl, R¹ = Me, R³ = CH₂Me), were synthesized. Preliminary biol. screening of PhOCH₂CONHCH₂CO₂CHMe₂ showed a pos. juvenile hormonal activity against potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Controlling n-Type Molecular Doping via Regiochemistry and Polarity of Pendant Groups on Low Band Gap Donor-Acceptor Copolymers was written by Ye, Gang;Liu, Jian;Qiu, Xinkai;Stater, Sebastian;Qiu, Li;Liu, Yuru;Yang, Xuwen;Hildner, Richard;Koster, L. Jan Anton;Chiechi, Ryan C.. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.Product Details of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

We demonstrate the impact of the type and position of pendant groups on the n-doping of low-band gap donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers. Polar glycol ether groups simultaneously increase the electron affinities of D-A copolymers and improve the host/dopant miscibility compared to nonpolar alkyl groups, improving the doping efficiency by a factor of over 40. The bulk mobility of the doped films increases with the fraction of polar groups, leading to a best conductivity of 0.08 S cm^-1 and power factor (PF) of 0.24μW m^-1 K^-2 in the doped copolymer with the polar pendant groups on both the D and A moieties. We used spatially resolved absorption spectroscopy to relate commensurate morphol. changes to the dispersion of dopants and to the relative local doping efficiency, demonstrating a direct relationship between the morphol. of the polymer phase, the solvation of the mol. dopant, and the elec. properties of doped films. Our work offers fundamental new insights into the influence of the phys. properties of pendant chains on the mol. doping process, which should be generalizable to any molecularly doped polymer films. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Product Details of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Product Details of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ultrafast dynamics of formation and autodetachment of a dipole-bound state in an open-shell π-stacked dimer anion was written by Bull, James N.;West, Christopher W.;Verlet, Jan R. R.. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2016.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Isolated π-stacked dimer radical anions present the simplest model of an excess electron in a π-stacked environment. Here, frequency-, angle-, and time-resolved photoelectron imaging together with electronic structure calculations have been used to characterize the π-stacked coenzyme Q₀ dimer radical anion and its exited state dynamics. In the ground electronic state, the excess electron is localised on one monomer with a planar para-quinone ring, which is solvated by the second monomer in which carbonyl groups are bent out of the para-quinone ring plane. Through the π-stacking interaction, the dimer anion exhibits a number of charge-transfer (intermol.) valence-localised resonances situated in the detachment continuum that undergo efficient internal conversion to a cluster dipole-bound state (DBS) on a ∼60 fs timescale. In turn, the DBS undergoes vibration-mediated autodetachment on a 2.0 ± 0.2 ps timescale. Exptl. vibrational structure and supporting calculations assign the intermol. dynamics to be facilitated by vibrational wagging modes of the carbonyl groups on the non-planar monomer. At photon energies ∼0.6-1.0 eV above the detachment threshold, a competition between photoexcitation of an intermol. resonance leading to the DBS, and photoexcitation of an intramol. resonance leading to monomer-like dynamics further illustrates the π-stacking specific dynamics. Overall, this study provides the first direct observation of both internal conversion of resonances into a DBS, and characterization of a vibration-mediated autodetachment in real-time. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Oligoethylene Glycol Side Chains Increase Charge Generation in Organic Semiconductor Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution was written by Kosco, Jan;Gonzalez-Carrero, Soranyel;Howells, Calvyn T.;Zhang, Weimin;Moser, Maximilian;Sheelamanthula, Rajendar;Zhao, Lingyun;Willner, Benjamin;Hidalgo, Tania C.;Faber, Hendrik;Purushothaman, Balaji;Sachs, Michael;Cha, Hyojung;Sougrat, Rachid;Anthopoulos, Thomas D.;Inal, Sahika;Durrant, James R.;McCulloch, Iain. And the article was included in Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) in 2022.Formula: C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Organic semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) composed of an electron donor/acceptor (D/A) semiconductor blend have recently emerged as an efficient class of hydrogen-evolution photocatalysts. It is demonstrated that using conjugated polymers functionalized with (oligo)ethylene glycol side chains in NP photocatalysts can greatly enhance their H₂-evolution efficiency compared to their nonglycolated analogs. The strategy is broadly applicable to a range of structurally diverse conjugated polymers. Transient spectroscopic studies show that glycolation facilitates charge generation even in the absence of a D/A heterojunction, and further suppresses both geminate and nongeminate charge recombination in D/A NPs. This results in a high yield of photogenerated charges with lifetimes long enough to efficiently drive ascorbic acid oxidation, which is correlated with greatly enhanced H₂-evolution rates in the glycolated NPs. Glycolation increases the relative permittivity of the semiconductors and facilitates water uptake. Together, these effects may increase the high-frequency relative permittivity inside the NPs sufficiently, to cause the observed suppression of exciton and charge recombination responsible for the high photocatalytic activities of the glycolated NPs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Formula: C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Formula: C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Some new aryloxyacetic acid was written by Shah, V. H.;Purohit, D. M.;Mehta, T. S.;Ravat, N. R.;Doshi, N. G.. And the article was included in Journal of the Institution of Chemists (India) in 2003.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

A number of aryloxyacetic acids were prepared The constitution of the products was supported by elemental analyses, IR and PMR spectral data. The products were screened for antimicrobial activity. All the compounds showed moderate activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Conjugation of a double bond with an aromatic nucleus. XXV. The Schiff base in the Diels-Alder reaction was written by Tamayo, M. Lora;Alvarez, Francisco. And the article was included in Anales de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Fisica y Quimica, Serie A: Fisica in 1952.HPLC of Formula: 51488-33-6 This article mentions the following:

Substituted Schiff bases containing the conjugated diene system C:C.C:N, the C:C being a part of the aromatic nucleus, are treated with various dienophiles such as maleic anhydride (I) and Et maleate (II). The substituted groups studied are MeO, Me, -OCH₂O- and NO₂. In none of the attempted condensations does a 1,4-addition occur. The Schiff bases RCH:NPh, where R = m-MeOC₆H₄, 3,4-Me₂C₆H₃ (VI), 3,4-CH₂O₂C₆H₃ (III), m-O₂NC₆H₄ (IV), and 3,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃, are refluxed 3 hrs. with I in a solvent (C₆H₆ or PhMe). The only reaction product identified is PhNHCOCH:-CHCO₂H, m. 193°. Schiff bases containing hydroquinone (V) heated 3 hrs. at 160° with II under anhydrous conditions do not react. Only III and IV in the absence of V give brownish-black resinous substances which are infusible below 360°, insoluble in organic solvents, soluble in concentrated H₂SO₄ and hot 20% NaOH. An addnl. Schiff base, 3-(p-MeOC₆H₄N:)CH-C₆H₄NO₂ (VII) refluxed 3 hrs. with I in a solvent (C₆H₆ or PhMe) gives only p-(MeO)C₆H₄NHCOCH:CHCO₂H. VII and II heated 3 hrs. at 160° and then allowed to stand a day do not react in the presence of V; in the absence of V is obtained a yellowish brown amorphous solid, believed to be a copolymer with the empirical formula (C₂₂H₂₄O₇₂)_x, m. indefinitely 143-9°, soluble in alc. and NaOH, and precipitated by acids and H₂O. VI and VII are new. For VI, 4.5 g. 3,4-Me₂C₆H₃CHO and 3.1 g. PhNH₂ are stirred 0.5 hr., let stand 24 hrs., and distilled to give 75% VI, colorless oil, b₁₅ 182°. For VII 3 g. p-anisidine and 2.7 g. m-O₂NC₆H₄CHO are refluxed 3 hrs. in 20 cc. absolute alc. and let stand 24 hrs.; the pale green crystalline plates, filtered and recrystallized from alc. and H₂O, m. 72° (yield 85%). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6HPLC of Formula: 51488-33-6).

3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.HPLC of Formula: 51488-33-6

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effects of glymes on the distribution of Mg(B10H10) and Mg(B12H12) from the thermolysis of Mg(BH4)2 was written by Tran, Ba L.;Allen, Tamara N.;Bowden, Mark E.;Autrey, Tom;Jensen, Craig M.. And the article was included in Inorganics in 2021.Related Products of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

We examined the effects of concentrations and identities of various glymes, from monoglyme up to tetraglyme, on H₂ release from the thermolysis of Mg(BH4)2 at 160-200°C for 8 h. ¹¹B NMR anal. shows major products of Mg(B₁₀H₁₀) and Mg(B₁₂H₁₂); however, their relative ratio is highly dependent both on the identity and concentration of the glyme to Mg(BH₄)₂. Selective formation of Mg(B₁₀H₁₀) was observed with an equivalent of monoglyme and 0.25 equiv of tetraglyme. However, thermolysis of Mg(BH₄)₂ in the presence of stoichiometric or greater equivalent of glymes can lead to unselective formation of Mg(B₁₀H₁₀) and Mg(B₁₂H₁₂) products or inhibition of H₂ release. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Related Products of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Related Products of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Photocatalyzed decarboxylation of oxamic acids under near-infrared conditions was written by Ogbu, Ikechukwu Martin;Bassani, Dario M.;Robert, Frederic;Landais, Yannick. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2022.Computed Properties of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Photocatalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of oxamic acids under near-IR irradiation using Os(bptpy)₂(PF₆)₂ as catalyst was reported. The reaction was applied to the synthesis of urethanes RNHC(O)OR¹ [R = (CH₂)₂C₆H₅, 4-ClC₆H₄CH₂, cyclohexyl, etc.; R¹ = Et, i-Pr, CH₂CF₃, etc.] and heterocyclic amides. Mechanistic studies and comparative penetration depths between the NIR and the visible light mediated processes were discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Computed Properties of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Computed Properties of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Alkaline hydrolysis of nuclear-substituted ethyl cinnamates. Cumulative effects of substituents was written by Jones, Brynmor;Watkinson, J. G.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1958.HPLC of Formula: 6972-61-8 This article mentions the following:

The introduction of substituents, even at the ο-position, causes no change in the nonexponential entropy term in the Arrhenius equation. The cumulative effect of 2 substituents in the 2- and 4-, and also in the 3- and 5-positions are additive, giving log₁₀A 9.8-10.0, but in other positions there are sometimes large significant variations in the energies of activation compared with that calculated by ΔE’ = 2.303 RT log₁₀k/k₀, e.g. the factor 100 k_calculated/k_obs. = 50 for Et 2,3-dimethoxycinnamate, and 58 for Et 2,3,4-trimethoxycinnamate, which indicates steric interference with mesomeric electron release from the 2-position, as confirmed by the analogous case of the 4-position in Et 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate where the factor = 25. Slight significant deviations for 3,4-dialkoxycinnamates may be due to steric and/or polar interactions. Hydrolyses were carried out at 24.8° and other temperatures in 85.4% aqueous EtOH, the initial concentrations of CO₂-free NaOH and ester were equal at 0.05M, and the reactions strictly 2nd order. New compounds prepared via the substituted BzH and esterification are Et m-methylcinnamate, b₁₀ 146°, Et 2,4-dichlorocinnamate, b₅ 162° and m. 53.5°, Et 3,5-dichlorocinnamate, b₁₂ 178°, and m. 74°, Et 3,6-dichlorocinnamate, b₂ 156° and m. 56°, Et 3-chloro-4-methoxycinnamate, b₄ 170° and m. 61° (3-chloro-4-methoxycinnamic acid m. 244°), Et 3-methyl-4-methoxycinnamate, b₁₁ 184° and m. 36.5° (3-methyl-4-methoxycinnamic acid m. 201°), Et 2,3,4-trimethoxycinnamate, b₁₄ 207° and m. 50°, and Et 4-ethoxy-3-methoxycinnamate, m. 109.5° [4-ethoxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid m. 200° (decomposition)]. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8HPLC of Formula: 6972-61-8).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.HPLC of Formula: 6972-61-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted 5-Azaindoles via Heteroannulation Reaction and of 2-Substituted 5-Azaindoles through Domino Sila-Sonogashira/5-Endo Cyclization was written by Livecchi, Marion;Calvet, Geraldine;Schmidt, Frederic. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2012.Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

A general and efficient procedure for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted 5-azaindoles, e.g. I, through the palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation of 4-acetamido-3-iodopyridines and diaryl-, dialkyl-, or arylalkylalkynes is described along with a study of the reaction regioselectivity. The preparation of 2-monosubstituted 5-azaindoles via sila-Sonogashira/5-endo cyclization is also reported. These methods allowed us to prepare 36 diversely substituted 5-azaindoles in good yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Formula: C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Formula: C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem