Ethers-buliding-blocks

Effect of ionotropic gelation of COOH-functionalized polymeric binders in multivalent ion batteries was written by Kim, Jinyoung;Baek, Minsung;Park, Kiho;Park, Youngbin;Hwang, Insu;Choi, Jang Wook. And the article was included in Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Multivalent ion batteries (MIBs) have received much attention as alternatives to the current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their high energy d. and the possibility of using raw materials with high natural abundance. However, the mechanochem. stability and key electrochem. performance of MIB electrodes are easily impaired during cycling by the large volume expansion of active materials and sluggish ion transport, raising the necessity of developing advanced binder designs. Herein, we report a systematic investigation of polysaccharide and polyacrylic acid binders with carboxylic acid functional groups for MIBs based on Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Al³⁺ in comparison with their monovalent counterpart. These binders with carboxylic acid functional groups form a rigid passivation layer on the electrode surface via the so-called egg-box mechanism involving the multivalent cations, imposing resistance and shortening the cycle life of the MIB cells. The series of comparative analyses provide useful information on the effect and design of popular carboxylic acid-functionalized binders for incorporation in MIBs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Computer-Aided Design of New Physical Solvents for Hydrogen Sulfide Absorption was written by Orlov, Alexey A.;Marcou, Gilles;Horvath, Dragos;Cabodevilla, Alvaro Echeverria;Varnek, Alexandre;Meyer, Frederick de. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2021.SDS of cas: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Treatment of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is important in many industrial processes including oil refineries, natural and biogas processing, and coal gasification. The most mature technol. for the selective capture of H₂S is based on its absorption by chem. or phys. solvents. However, only several compounds are currently used as phys. (co)solvents in industry, and the search for new ones is an important task. The exptl. screening of phys. (co)solvents requires much time and many resources, while solubility modeling might enable one to reduce the number of solvents for the exptl. evaluation. In this study, a workflow for the in silico discovery of new phys. solvents for H₂S absorption was suggested and exptl. validated. A data set composed of 99 H₂S phys. solvents was collected and predictive quant. structure-property relationships for H₂S solubility were built using a random forest algorithm and two types of mol. descriptors: ISIDA fragments and quantum-chem. descriptors. Virtual screening of industrially produced chems. and their structural analogs enabled identification of the ones with predicted high solubility values. They can be suggested as starting points for further exploration of the H₂S phys. solvents chem. space. The predicted solubility value for one of the compounds found in virtual screening, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, was confirmed exptl. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3SDS of cas: 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.SDS of cas: 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

pK_a Prediction from “Quantum Chemical Topology” Descriptors was written by Harding, A. P.;Wedge, D. C.;Popelier, P. L. A.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling in 2009.Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

Knowing the pK_a of a compound gives insight into many properties relevant to many industries, in particular the pharmaceutical industry during drug development processes. In light of this, we have used the theory of Quantum Chem. Topol. (QCT), to provide ab initio descriptors that are able to accurately predict pK_a values for 228 carboxylic acids. This Quantum Topol. Mol. Similarity (QTMS) study involved the comparison of 5 increasingly more expensive levels of theory to conclude that HF/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) provided an accurate representation of the compounds studies. We created global and subset models for the carboxylic acids using Partial Least Square (PLS), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN). The models were extensively validated using 4-, 7-, and 10-fold cross-validation, with the validation sets selected based on systematic and random sampling. HF/6-31G(d) in conjunction with SVM provided the best statistics when taking into account the large increase in CPU time required to optimize the geometries at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) level. The SVM models provided an average q² value of 0.886 and an RMSE value of 0.293 for all the carboxylic acids, a q² of 0.825 and RMSE of 0.378 for the ortho-substituted acids, a q² of 0.923 and RMSE of 0.112 for the para- and meta-substituted acids, and a q² of 0.906 and RMSE of 0.268 for the aliphatic acids. Our method compares favorably to ACD/Laboratories, VCCLAB, SPARC, and ChemAxon’s pK_a prediction software based of the RMSE calculated by the leave-one-out method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Conjugation of a double bond with an aromatic nucleus. XXVI. The amidines in the Diels-Alder reaction was written by Tamayo, M. Lora;Martinez, J. Royo. And the article was included in Anales de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Fisica y Quimica, Serie A: Fisica in 1952.Reference of 51488-33-6 This article mentions the following:

Substituted amidine HCl salts containing the conjugated diene system C:C.C:N, the C:C being a part of the aromatic nucleus, are treated with various dienophiles, such as maleic anhydride and anethole, in HOCH₂CN. The substituted groups OMe, -OCH₂O-, and NO₂ and RC(:NH)NH₂. HCl where R = CH₂:CH, 3,4-CH₂O₂C₆H₃, 3,4-(MeO)₂-C₆H₃, and m-O₂NC₆H₄, are studied. In none of the attempted condensations does a 1,4-addition occur. In some cases a very small quantity of resinous material is found along with the unaltered amidines when no hydroquinone is used. A number of new compounds prepared are CH₂:CHC(OEt):-NH.HCl m. 104-4.5°; CH₂:CHC(:NH)NH₂.HCl; 3,4-CH₂O₂C₆H₃C(OEt):NH.HCl, m. 122-3°, and 3,4-CH₂O₂-C₆H₃C(:NH)NH₂ picrate, m. 257°. The method of preparation for the new compounds is a general one in which the nitrile is treated in absolute alc. with HCl, the imino ester formed is treated in alc. with NH₃, and the corresponding amidine liberated. The picrate is prepared by treating the 3,4-CH₂O₂C₆H₃C(:NH)NH₂.HCl with 20% NaOH, separating the white crystalline precipitate, adding it to a saturated alc. solution of picric acid, and recrystallizing the picrate derivative from H₂O. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6Reference of 51488-33-6).

3,4-Dimethoxybenzimidamide hydrochloride (cas: 51488-33-6) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Reference of 51488-33-6

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Chiral Arene Ligand as Stereocontroller for Asymmetric C-H Activation was written by Liang, Hao;Guo, Weicong;Li, Junxuan;Jiang, Jijun;Wang, Jun. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Application of 75581-11-2 This article mentions the following:

Development of chiral ligands is the most fundamental task in metal-catalyzed asym. synthesis. In the last 60 years, various kinds of ligands have been sophisticatedly developed. However, it remains a long-standing challenge to develop practically useful chiral η6-arene ligands, thereby seriously hampering the asym. synthesis promoted by arene-metal catalysts. Herein, the design and synthesis of a class of readily tunable, C2-sym. chiral arene ligands derived from [2.2]paracyclophane is reported. Its ruthenium(II) complexes have been prepared and successfully applied in the enantioselective C-H activation to afford a series of axially chiral isoquinolones (up to 99% yield and 96% ee). This study not only lays chemists’ longstanding doubts about whether it is possible to use chiral arene ligands to stereocontrol ruthenium(II)-catalyzed asym. C-H activation, but also opens up a new avenue to achieve asym. C-H activation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Application of 75581-11-2).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application of 75581-11-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of 3-[3-chloro-4-hydroxy-2(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-azetidene-1-yl]-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-imidazol-4-one as possible antimicrobial agents was written by Srivastava, B. B. L.. And the article was included in International Journal of ChemTech Research in 2013.Computed Properties of C8H8O3 This article mentions the following:

A series of 3-[3-chloro-4-hydroxy-2(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-azetidene-1-yl]-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-imidazol-4-one was synthesized. All these compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against three microorganism Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Computed Properties of C8H8O3).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Computed Properties of C8H8O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The Interaction of Glymes with Surfactant Micelles was written by Petropolis, Nicholas P.;Petropolis, Harrison M.;MacNeil, Nicole E.;Doucet, Taylor M.;Marangoni, D. Gerrard. And the article was included in Journal of Surfactants and Detergents in 2021.Formula: C8H18O4 This article mentions the following:

The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) values and counterion dissociation (α values) have been determined for a number of mixed micellar systems consisting of two typical ionic surfactants and glycol ethers (glymes) as cosurfactants, namely diethylene glycol di-Me ether, diethylene glycol di-Et ether, triethylene glycol di-Me ether, and tetraethylene glycol di-Me ether. Conductance experiments were used to determine the CMC and α values of the mixed micelles as a function of glyme concentration in the aqueous mixed solvent. Favorable interactions between sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles and glyme cosurfactants were deduced from the decreases in the CMC values and the large increase in the α values of these systems as a function of increasing glyme concentration in the mixed solvents. In contrast to the anionic surfactant/glyme systems, in general, there appeared to be little favorable interactions between the surfactant and glymes when micelles of the cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide were formed in water/glyme solvent systems containing an increasing amount of the glymes. The interaction of glymes with the surfactant micelles was examined closely via ¹³C NMR (NMR) chem. shifts for both surfactant and glyme carbons; these chem. shifts changes were interpreted in terms of the distribution and the localization of the glymes in the aggregates. Finally, partition constants, determined from two-dimensional diffusion-oriented spectroscopy (2D-DOSY) experiments, were used to calculate thermodn. quantities of transfer of the glymes between the bulk phase and the self-assembled aggregates. All these results are interpreted in terms of the key contributions that both the glyme ethoxylated groups and alkyl endgroups make to the hydrophobic interactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Formula: C8H18O4).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Formula: C8H18O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The influence of nitro groups on the reactivity of substituents in the benzene nucleus. II. The dinitrotoluenes was written by Kenner, James;Parkin, Michael. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions in 1920.Safety of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

The dinitrotoluenes used were prepared according to the directions of Meisenheimer and Hesse (C. A. 14, 52). 2,3-Dinitrotoluene (A) heated for 9 hrs. on a water bath with NaOMe gave a dark oil, 2,6-Me(O₂N)C₆H₃OMe, b₂₄ 140°, leaving a small tarry residue. [3,2-Me(O₂N)C₆H₃]₂N₂O was also produced in small amount and separated from alc. in diamond-shaped prisms, m. 144°. A was unaffected by treatment on a water bath with 2.5 N NH₃ in MeOH. The mixture was then heated under pressure for 15 hrs. at 150-60°, leaving a residue, m. 97°, corresponding to 3-nitro-o-toluidine. H₂S passed for 3 hrs. through a boiling solution of A in alc. to which NH₃ had been added gave yellow prisms from C₆H₆, m. 150°, of dinitroditolyl sulfide, most probably the 2,2′,6,6′-isomeride. The more readily soluble product, after recrystallization from C₆H₆, m. 54°, but it is uncertain whether it is the 2-nitro-m-toluidine as prepared by Limpricht (Ber. 18, 1452 (1885)), as it was not acetylated under ordinary conditions. SnCl₂ and HCl in absolute alc. was dropped into A in cold alc. The solution was extracted with ether and the residue after evaporation treated with light petroleum. The soluble portion consisted of unchanged A and the residue separated from ether and light petroleum in long, stout, deep red prisms of dinitroazotoluene, m. 106° probably the 2,2′,3,3′-isomeride. NaOMe acting on 3,4-dinitrotoluene (B) gave 3,6-Me(O₂N)C₆H₃OMe and possibly some of the 4,2-isomer. Alc. NH₃ and B heated for 6 hrs. at 150° gave pure 4-nitro-m-toluidine, m. 109°, and a mixture of the latter with 3-nitro-p-toluidine. 2,5-Cl(O₂N)-C₆H₃Me and NaOMe interact to give 2,4-Me(O₂N)C₆H₃OMe in long, radiating needles from light petroleum, m. 63°. NaOMe acting on 2,5-dinitrotoluene gave 3,4-Me-(O₂N)C₆H₃OMe, m. 55°. 6-Nitro-m-toluidine was prepared by nitrating m-toluidine after the method of Noelting and Stoecklin (Ber. 24, 564(1891)). It m. 133° rather than 138° as given by N. and S. Its Ac derivative crystallines from dilute alc. in small prisms, m. 104°, and is easily hydrolyzed by concentrated HCl. 2,5-O₂N(ON)C₆H₃Me, prepared by shaking 6-nitro-m-toluidine with Caro’s acid from K₂S₂O₈ and H₂SO₄, for 16 hrs., crystals from alc., m. 113°. Fuming HNO₃ easily oxidizes it to 2,5-dinitrotoluene. The latter treated with alc. NH₃ at 150° for 15 hrs. gave 5-nitro-o-toluidine. K. and P. attempt to explain the influence of NO₂ groups on the various substituents in the C₆H₆ nucleus from their exptl. data. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Safety of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Safety of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Dipeptide-type inhibitors targeting plasmepsins from Plasmodium falciparum was written by Kiso, Aiko;Hidaka, Koushi;Tsuchiya, Yumi;Kimura, Tooru;Hayashi, Yoshio;Nezami, Azin;Liu, Jun;Goldberg, Daniel E.;Freire, Ernesto;Kiso, Yoshiaki. And the article was included in Peptide Science in 2003.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

A symposium report. A series of dipeptide-type inhibitors containing allophenylnorstatine-dimethylthioproline scaffold against malarial aspartic protease plasmepsin II (Plm II) was synthesized. Among these compounds, KNI-10006 which has aminoindanol at the P2′ position was found to inhibit Plm II with a K_i value of 0.5 nM. From a SAR study, it is concluded that both the hydroxyl group and the indan structure of the aminoindanol of KNI-10006 are important for its tight binding. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ligand-controlled iridium-catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynes with ethanol: highly stereoselective synthesis of E- and Z-alkenes was written by Yang, Jinfei;Wang, Chengniu;Sun, Yufeng;Man, Xuyan;Li, Jinxia;Sun, Fei. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom).Recommanded Product: 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene This article mentions the following:

A ligand-controlled iridium-catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynes to E- and Z-alkenes with ethanol was developed. Effective selectivity control was achieved by ligand regulation. The use of 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) and 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD) was critical for the stereoselective semihydrogenation of alkynes. The general applicability of this procedure was highlighted by the synthesis of more than 40 alkenes, with good stereoselectivities. The value of our approach in practical applications was investigated by studying the effects of pinosylvin and 4,4′-dihydroxystilbene (DHS) on zebrafish as a vertebrate model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1Recommanded Product: 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene).

1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem