Ethers-buliding-blocks

Synthesis of symmetrical secondary oligoethylene glycolated amines from diethanolamine was written by Yang, Hao;Li, Yu;Lin, Ruoyun;Ouyang, Zhen;Han, Mingli;Zhu, Lijun;Chen, Shizhen;Zhou, Xin;Jiang, Zhong-Xing. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2022.Formula: C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

Monodisperse oligoethylene glycols (M-OEGs)-containing sym. secondary amines are highly valuable synthetic intermediates in drug development and materials sciences. Scalable three-step synthesis of M-OEGs secondary amines with flexible M-OEGs and/or alkyl chains is described herein. Through reduction amination of diethanolamine, Williamson ether synthesis, and subsequent deprotection, a series of M-OEGs secondary amines with diverse and fine-tunable chem. structures were conveniently prepared The presented strategy is attractive with readily available starting materials, simple catalytic systems, scalable synthesis, and avoids the use of explosive sodium azide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Formula: C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Formula: C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Borylation of Unactivated Aryl Chlorides under Mild Conditions by Using Diisopropylaminoborane as a Borylating Reagent was written by Guerrand, Helene D. S.;Marciasini, Ludovic D.;Jousseaume, Melissa;Vaultier, Michel;Pucheault, Mathieu. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2014.Related Products of 365564-07-4 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of arylboronic ester derivatives from aryl chlorides by using aryl(amino)boranes is described. Palladium-catalyzed coupling between aryl chlorides and diisopropylaminoborane leads to the formation of a C-B bond under mild conditions. A wide range of functional groups are tolerated, making this method particularly useful for the borylation of functionalized aromatics In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Related Products of 365564-07-4).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Related Products of 365564-07-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Rapid Crosslinking of Epoxy Thermosets Induced by Solvate Ionic Liquids was written by Hameed, Nishar;Eyckens, Daniel J.;Long, Benjamin M.;Salim, Nisa V.;Capricho, Jaworski C.;Servinis, Linden;De Souza, Mandy;Perus, Magenta D.;Varley, Russell J.;Henderson, Luke C.. And the article was included in ACS Applied Polymer Materials in 2020.Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

The high-volume manufacture of fiber-reinforced composites faces a huge challenge because long resin curing times put a low ceiling on the total output of parts produced per yr. To translate the benefits from using epoxy in large-volume production platforms, cure cycle times of less than 1 min must be achieved. In this work, we report solvate ionic liquids (SILs) as simple and efficient rapid curing catalytic additives in epoxy systems. Ultrafast curing was observed at low levels of 1-5% of SIL in epoxy resin, and the cure rate is enhanced up to 26-fold without compromising the mech. and thermal properties. Further investigations revealed that enhancement in the cure rate is dependent on the type of SILs employed, influenced by the metal center, the ligands around the metal, and the identity of the counter anion. The relative Lewis acidity of each of the active complexes was calculated, and the rapid cure effect was attributed to the activation of the epoxide moiety via the Lewis acidic nature of the SIL. Making epoxy thermosets rapidly processable enables enormous benefits, finding applications in a whole variety of transformation methods that exist for traditional glass and metals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Derivatives of xanthates and aromatic nitro and amino compounds was written by Csuros, Zoltan;Rusznak, Istvan. And the article was included in Magyar Chemiai Folyoirat in 1944.Electric Literature of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

Cellulose xanthate, dry or in solution, can be stabilized by salts of aromatic nitro sulfonic acids, e.g. m-O₂NC₆H₄SO₈H (I). The structure of the products was proved by model experiments with simple xanthates which gave crystalline derivatives Alkali salts (except K) of I, m-O₂NC₆H₄NH₂, PhNO₂, and m-O₂NC₆H₄NHAc, seem to be effective as stabilizers. The products are esters of PhNHCSOH formed according to the equation 4RNO₂ + 6R’OCS₂Na + 3H₂O = 4RNHCSOR’ (II) + 3Na₂S₂O₃ + CO₂ + CS₂ + 2R’OH. The following II were prepared Thiocarbanilates, PhNHCSOR (R’ given): Me (32.5% from MeOCS₂Na in 90% MeOH with PhNO₂), m. 97.5° (S 18.93, N 8.27, PhNH₂ 46.35-7.92%); Et (27.2% from EtOCS₂Na in 90% EtOH), m. 70° (S 18.1, N 7.68, PhNH₂ 45.55-7.00%); iso-Bu (35.7% from iso-BuOCS₂Na in 90% EtOH), m. 75° (S 15.0, N 6.6%). m-Sulfothiocarbanilates: Me (67.6% from MeOCS₂Na and m-O₂NC₆H₄SO₂Na (III) in MeOH), contained S 24.0, N 5.18%; Et (88.1%), m. 270-5° (S 22.10, N 4.85, PhNH₂ 27.2-8.9%); iso-Bu (58.8%), m. 243-5° (S 19.9, N 4.39%); glyceryl (34.5% from glycerol xanthate and III in aqueous EtOH 4 h. at 35° and 20 mm.), amorphous, m. 153-5° (S 19.31, N 4.31%). Cellulose xanthate (7%) diluted with water and treated with 5-10% AcOH, the liberated H₂S removed, and the solution treated with III 10 h. as above, gives a product (S 12.02, N 2.13, PhNH₂ 12.3-13.9%), identical with that obtained by Lilienfeld; the same compound was obtained by treating 7% cellulose xanthate with NaOH, centrifuging, mixing with III, treating with CS₂, again dissolving in NaOH, and precipitating with saturated NaCl solution Me m-acetamidothiocarbanilate, m. 168° (N 12.39, S 14.37%), was obtained in 69.3% yield from MeOCS₂Na and m-O₂NC₆H₄NHAc in 60% MeOH and AcOH heated 15 h. at 60°; Et ester (64.6%), m. 154° (N 11.61, S 13.64%). Me m-nitrothiocarbanilate (45% from MeOCS₂Na and m-O₂NC₆H₄NH₂ in 60% MeOH and a bit of solid KOH heated 50 h. on a water bath), m. 119° (S 15.0, N 13.16%); Et ester, m. 115° (S 14.24, N 12.22%). The methods proposed by Orndorff and Richmond [Am. Chem. J. 22, 458(1899)] and Hofmann [Ber. 2, 120 (1889)] were also tested. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Electric Literature of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Electric Literature of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Estimation and identification of non-polar compounds in clarithromycin bulk drug by high-performance liquid chromatography was written by Gorski, R. J.;Morgan, D. K.;Sarocka, C.;Plasz, A. C.. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography in 1991.Reference of 1132-95-2 This article mentions the following:

A HPLC method was developed to estimate and identify the non-polar related substances and process impurities that elute after N-dimethyl-N-formyl-6-O-methylerythromycin A in clarithromycin (I) bulk drug. This method separates at least 15 compounds from the I peak. All of the non-polar compounds can be detected at the 0.02% (weight/weight) level. Five bulk drug lots were examined for late-eluting compounds The total related substances ranged from <0.10 to <0.25%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2Reference of 1132-95-2).

1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Reference of 1132-95-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

1-[(Ethoxyamino)methyl]-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dimethoxy-2-benzoxepins: a new class of antianaphylactic agents was written by TenBrink, Ruth E.;McCall, John M.;Johnson, Herbert G.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1980.Reference of 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

Benzoxepinylethanolamines I [RR¹ = (CH₂CH₂)₂NR², R² = 2-MeOC₆H₄, 2-pyridyl, 4-FC₆H₄, Me; R = H, R¹ = CH₂CH₂OH] were prepared in 62-92% yields. Reduction of 3,4-(MeO)₂C₆H₃CH₂CH₂CO₂H followed by cyclocondensation with BrCH₂CH(OEt)₂ gave II (R³ = CH₂Br, III). Treating III with HOCH₂CH₂OH in the presence of Et₃N gave II (R³ = CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH) which was esterified by 4-O₂NC₆H₄SO₂Cl and stirred with IV (R² = 2-MeOC₆H₄) in the presence of Et₃N at 25° for 24 h to give I [RR¹= (CH₂CH₂)₂NC₆H₄OMe-2]. Heating III with ClCH₂CH₂OH in the presence of BaCO₃ at 90° for 46 h gave II (R³ = CH₂OCH₂CH₂Cl) which was treated with IV (R² = 2-pyridyl, 4-FC₆H₄, Me) or HOCH₂CH₂NH₂ to give the corresponding I. The arylpiperazine compounds I [RR¹ = (CH₂CH₂)₂NR², R² = 2-MeOC₆H₄, 2-pyridyl 4-FC₆H₄] had good activity, i.e., 100%, 94% and 52% inhibition resp., in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test at 50 mg/kg, p.o. I [RR¹ = (CH₂CH₂)₂NMe, R¹ = H, R¹ = CH₂CH₂OH] were both inactive. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Reference of 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Reference of 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

High-performance lithium-sulfur batteries enabled by regulating Li₂S deposition was written by Lin, Qiaowei;Huang, Ling;Liu, Wenhua;Li, Zejian;Fang, Ruopian;Wang, Da-Wei;Yang, Quan-Hong;Lv, Wei. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2021.Product Details of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have received intensive attention in recent years due to their high theor. energy d. derived from the lithiation of sulfur. In the discharge process, sulfur transforms into lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) that dissolve in liquid electrolytes and then into insoluble Li₂S precipitated on the electrode surface. The electronically and ionically insulating Li₂S leads to two critical issues, including the sluggish reaction kinetics from LiPSs to Li₂S and the passivation of the electrode. In this regard, controlling the Li₂S deposition is significant for improving the performance of LSBs. In this perspective, we have summarized the recent achievements in regulating the Li2S deposition to enhance the performance of LSBs, including the solution-mediated growth of Li2S, sulfur host enhanced nucleation and catalysis induced kinetic improvement. Moreover, the challenges and possibilities for future research studies are discussed, highlighting the significance of regulating the Li₂S deposition to realize the high electrochem. performance and promote the practical uses of LSBs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Product Details of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Product Details of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Structure-property relationship of light-responsive wormlike micelles using methoxycinnamate derivatives as light-switchable molecules was written by Liu, Tongqing;Xue, Fangfang;Yi, Ping;Xia, Zhiyu;Dong, Jinfeng;Li, Xuefeng. And the article was included in Wuli Huaxue Xuebao in 2020.Product Details of 6972-61-8 This article mentions the following:

In this work, light-responsive viscoelastic wormlike micelles based on cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (CTAOH) and cinnamic acid derivatives, including cinnamic acid (CA), 2-methoxycinnamic acid (2-MCA), 3-methoxycinnamic acid (3-MCA), 4-methoxycinnamic acid (4-MCA), 2,3-dimethoxycinnamic acid (2,3-DMCA), 2,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (2,4-DMCA), 2,3,4-trimethoxycinnamic acid (2,3,4-DMCA), and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (3,4,5-DMCA), were prepared The effects of the CA derivative structures, especially the position and number of methoxy moieties, on the formation of wormlike micelles were systematically determined The CA derivatives facilitated the formation of long and entangled wormlike micelles. ¹H NMR results showed that the CA derivatives participated in the formation of wormlike micelles via insertion of the aromatic moieties into the aggregates. The number of methoxy moieties had a much stronger effect on the viscosity of the wormlike micelle solution than the position of this moiety. The larger the number of methoxy moiety, the smaller was the aggregate. Substituted methoxy moieties increased the steric hindrance between the surfactants and CA mols., thus hindering the formation of large aggregates. However, the position of the methoxy moiety had a predominant effect on the UV-light-induced transition of the wormlike micelles. Specifically, the ortho-methoxy moiety in the CA mols. dramatically enhanced the efficiency of UV-light-induced trans-cis isomerization. For example, the 2-MCA/CTAOH, 3-MCA/CTAOH, and 4-MCA/CTAOH binary systems (90 mmol·L^-1/100 mmol·L^-1) were gel-like with similar viscosities of around 20 Pa·s, but after UV light irradiation, they were transformed into a fluid with lower viscosity because of the formation of smaller aggregates. However, the irradiation time required for the transition varied significantly, as suggested by the results of viscosity measurements and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The 2-MCA/CTAOH system underwent complete phase transition within 3 h, whereas continuous transitions were observed for the 3-MCA/CTAOH and 4-MCA/CTAOH systems upon irradiation for 24 h. ¹H NMR results suggested that the change in the configuration of MCA in the micelles before and after irradiation was the major cause of the abovementioned difference in the phase transition pattern. Initially, all the aromatic moieties of the trans-2-MCA mols. were deeply inserted into the hydrophobic cores of the micelles in a vertical manner, and the ionized carboxyl moiety was located in the palisade layer because of the electrostatic interactions between CTAOH and trans-2-MCA. In contrast, cis-2-MCA was inserted into the micelles in a horizontal manner, and some of the protons in the aromatic moiety were also transferred from the micellar core to the polar palisade layer. Accordingly, the CTAOH and cis-2-MCA mols. were packed loosely in the aggregates, thereby resulting in the formation of spherical micelles. Similar UV-light-induced transitions were observed for the 3-MCA/CTAOH and 4-MCA/CTAOH systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Product Details of 6972-61-8).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Product Details of 6972-61-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Temperature dependence of industrial propylene glycol alkyl ether/water mixtures was written by Bauduin, P.;Wattebled, L.;Schrodle, S.;Touraud, D.;Kunz, W.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2004.Application of 20324-33-8 This article mentions the following:

The miscibility of ten industrially used propylene glycol ethers with water is studied in the temperature range between 0 and 80 °C. Several of these systems show a lower critical point of demixing near room temperature The shapes of the phase diagrams are discussed in detail and compared to those of the widely used but potentially toxic ethylene glycol alkyl ether/water mixtures In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8Application of 20324-33-8).

1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application of 20324-33-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

New highly soluble triarylamine-based materials as promising catholytes for redox flow batteries was written by Romadina, Elena I.;Volodin, Ivan A.;Stevenson, Keith J.;Troshin, Pavel A.. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability in 2021.Computed Properties of C5H12O3 This article mentions the following:

A series of arylamines bearing oligoethylene glycol ether solubilizing moieties were designed and comprehensively evaluated as promising catholyte materials for non-aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs). The triphenylamine core maintains the chem. stability of the radical cation, the ethylene glycol chains enhance the solubility up to complete miscibility with organic solvents, and the electron-withdrawing bromine substituents increase the redox potential of the compounds up to 0.61 V vs. Ag/AgNO₃. The best material showed 99% coulombic efficiency in combination with good stability in over 50 charge-discharge cycles in laboratory RFB cells. The designed triarylamine-based catholyte materials appear promising for the development of next-generation high-voltage and high-capacity RFBs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Computed Properties of C5H12O3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Computed Properties of C5H12O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem