Ethers-buliding-blocks

Comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of antroquinonol biosynthetic genes and enzymes in Antrodia camphorata was written by Liu, Xiaofeng;Xia, Yongjun;Zhang, Yao;Yang, Caiyun;Xiong, Zhiqiang;Song, Xin;Ai, Lianzhong. And the article was included in AMB Express in 2020.COA of Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Antroquinonol (AQ) has several remarkable bioactivities in acute myeloid leukemia and pancreatic cancer, but difficulties in the mass production of AQ hamper its applications. Currently, mol. biotechnol. methods, such as gene overexpression, have been widely used to increase the production of metabolites. However, AQ biosynthetic genes and enzymes are poorly understood. In this study, an integrated study coupling RNA-Seq and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were used to identify AQ synthesis-related genes and enzymes in Antrodia camphorata during coenzyme Q₀-induced fermentation (FM). The upregulated genes related to acetyl-CoA synthesis indicated that acetyl-CoA enters the mevalonate pathway to form the farnesyl tail precursor of AQ. The metE gene for an enzyme with Me transfer activity provided sufficient Me groups for AQ structure formation. The CoQ2 and ubiA genes encode p-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl transferase, linking coenzyme Q₀ and the polyisoprene side chain to form coenzyme Q₃. NADH is transformed into NAD+ and releases two electrons, which may be beneficial for the conversion of coenzyme Q₃ to AQ. Understanding the biosynthetic genes and enzymes of AQ is important for improving its production by genetic means in the future. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7COA of Formula: C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.COA of Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Chemical Constituents from the Fungus Antrodia cinnamomea was written by Wu, Ming-Der;Cheng, Ming-Jen;Chen, Yen-Lin;Hsun-Hsuo-Chang;Kuo, Yueh-Hsiung;Lin, Chih-Chuan;Wu, Ho-Cheng. And the article was included in Natural Product Communications in 2019.Related Products of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

A new benzenoid, 4-methoxy-7-methylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ol (1) and three known secondary metabolites 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl[1,4]benzoquinone (2), 2-methoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (3) and 5-methyl-benzo[1,3]dioxole-4,7-diol (4) were isolated from the mycelia of A. cinnamomea BCRC 36799 by solid state fermentation with adlay. Their chem. structures were elucidated on the basis of HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopic data and comparison with reported values. All isolated compounds 1-4 were tested for their cytotoxicity against the six cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. Among them, compound 3 displayed significant cytotoxic effects toward all six tested cancer cell lines, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 2.8-8.7 μM in vitro. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Related Products of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Related Products of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Insights into the polymerization kinetics of thermoresponsive polytrimethylene carbonate bearing a methoxyethoxy side group was written by Brissenden, Amanda J.;Amsden, Brian G.. And the article was included in Journal of Polymer Science (Hoboken, NJ, United States) in 2020.Product Details of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

The ring-opening polymerization kinetics of 5-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxymethyl]-5-methyl-1,3-dioxa-2-one (TMOE-2) and 5-[2-{2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyoxy}-ethoxymethyl]-5-methyl-1,3-dioxa-2-one (TMOE-3) was investigated using different catalysts with the aim to improve control over mol. weight The possibility of monomer impurities driving the variability in mol. weight that has been seen in different reports, was assessed and evidence of catalysis via an imidazole impurity was found. The catalysts 1,5,7-triazobicyclo(4.4.0)dec-5-ene (TBD), hydrogen chloride in di-Et ether (HCl.Et₂O), stannous 2-ethylhexanoate (SnOct₂), and catalyst free thermal polymerizations were conducted to understand the mechanisms influencing the mol. weight TBD and HCl.Et₂O consistently achieved high conversion of the monomer; however, mol. weights greater than 7,000 Da could not be achieved due to competing side reactions. SnOct₂ catalyzed and catalyst free thermal polymerizations were highly influenced by monomer purity and achieved lower conversion than TBD and HCl.Et₂O. Understanding these mechanisms will guide future synthesis of poly(TMOE-2) and poly(TMOE-3) for biomedical applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Product Details of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Product Details of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Mono-N-Alkylation of Sulfonamides with Alcohols Catalyzed by Iridium N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Phosphine Complexes was written by Li, Xingzhen;Peters, Bram B. C.;Tan, Min;He, Lei;Yang, Jianping;Andersson, Pher G.;Zhou, Taigang. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Application of 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

A N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphine iridium complex was presented for the efficient and selective mono-N-alkylation of sulfonamides with alcs. based on a borrowing hydrogenation strategy. Herein, water was the only byproduct and this methodol. thus offered a more environmentally benign and interesting alternative to the use of traditional alkylating reagents. This facile protocol tolerated a large number of (hetero) aromatic and aliphatic sulfonamides as well as (hetero) aromatic and aliphatic alcs. to obtain the desired product is high isolated yield (up to 98%). The alkylation completely retarded after the formation of the secondary sulfonamide and no over-alkylation was observed in all cases. The option to run the reaction under solvent-free conditions as well as the scalability of this borrowing hydrogenation were key features of this protocol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Application of 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application of 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A Natural Product Inspired Tetrahydropyran Collection Yields Mitosis Modulators that Synergistically Target CSE1L and Tubulin was written by Voigt, Tobias;Gerding-Reimers, Claas;Ngoc Tran, Tuyen Thi;Bergmann, Sabrina;Lachance, Hugo;Schoelermann, Beate;Brockmeyer, Andreas;Janning, Petra;Ziegler, Slava;Waldmann, Herbert. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2013.HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

A collection of 150 tetrahydropyran derivatives are prepared via Prins cyclization. Of theses compounds, tubulexins A (I), B and C are identified which are modulators of mitosis and inhibit tubulin polymerization In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.HPLC of Formula: 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Construction of substituted pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolines via [5+1] cyclization of pyrazole-arylamines with alcohols/amines in one pot was written by Tang, Dong;Mu, Yangxiu;Iqbal, Zafar;He, Lili;Jiang, Rui;Hou, Jing;Yang, Zhixiang;Yang, Minghua. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2022.Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

An efficient protocol had been developed for the synthesis of pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline derivatives I [R¹ = Me, Ph, 3-pyridyl, etc.; R² = Ph, 4-MeC₆H₄, 4-ClC₆H₄, 4-BrC₆H₄, 4-NCC₆H₄; R³ = Ph, 1-naphthyl, 2-thienyl, etc.], by reacting (1H-pyrazol-5-yl)anilines and readily available alcs./amines. A wide range of substrates with diverse functional groups were smoothly converted to the corresponding products in moderate to good yields, under optimal reaction conditions. Furthermore, the strategy also proceeded well with thiol and amino acid to access pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Safety of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Dioxygen affinities and catalytic oxidation performance of unsymmetrical bis-Schiff base transition-metal complexes with aza-crown pendant groups was written by Wei, Xing-yue;Qin, Sheng-ying. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Research in 2008.Product Details of 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Co^II and Mn^III complexes with aza-crown substituted, unsym. bis-Schiff base ligands were synthesized starting from monoaza-15-crown-5 or benzo-10-aza-15-crown-5. The saturated oxygen uptake of the Co^II complexes [CoL¹]-[CoL⁴] in diethyleneglycol/dimethyl ether solution were determined at different temperatures The oxygenation constant (Ko₂) and thermodn. parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°) were calculated The Mn^III complexes ([MnL¹Cl]-[MnL⁴Cl]) were employed to catalyze styrene oxidation using mol. oxygen at ambient temperature and pressure. The modulation of O₂-binding capabilities and catalytic oxidation performance by the aza-crown ether pendant groups in [ML³] and [ML⁴] were studied as compared with the parent complexes [ML¹] and morpholino-substituted analog [ML²]. The dioxygen affinities and catalytic oxidation activities of [CoL³] and [CoL⁴] were much more enhanced by aza-crown pendants. Moreover, the O₂-binding capabilities of [CoL³] and [CoL⁴] were also improved by adding alkali metal cations (Li⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺) to the system, and adding Na⁺ shows the most significant enhancement of dioxygen affinities. Likewise, [MnL³Cl] and [MnL⁴Cl] exhibit the best catalytic activities: the conversion of styrene to benzaldehyde are up to 41.2% and 45.8% with >99% selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Product Details of 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Product Details of 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Straightforward synthesis of nonconjugated cyclohex-3-enone and conjugated 4-methylenecyclohex-2-enone derivatives was written by Kuttner, Julian R.;Warratz, Svenja;Hilt, Gerhard. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2012.Application of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of nonconjugated cyclohex-3-enones via the regiodivergent cobalt-catalyzed Diels-Alder reactions of 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)buta-1,3-diene with alkynes and hydrolysis of the dihydroarom. intermediates is described. The application of bidentate phosphine ligands vs. pyridine-imine ligands led to the regioselective formation of one out of the two possible regioisomeric products when terminal or unsym. substituted alkynes were applied. The cyclohex-3-enone products were isolated mostly in good yields without isomerization of the carbon-carbon double bond into conjugation based on the mild reaction conditions. The use of acetoxymethyl-substituted alkynes led to the conjugated 4-methylenecyclohex-2-enones after deprotection of the silyl enol ether. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Application of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A unified strategy for silver-, base-, and oxidant-free direct arylation of C-H bonds was written by Sahoo, Manoj K.;Midya, Siba P.;Landge, Vinod G.;Balaraman, Ekambaram. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2017.Formula: C12H17NO2 This article mentions the following:

Herein, a dual catalytic approach for room temperature direct arylation of C-H bonds with aryldiazonium salts as a simple aryl group donor, also working as an internal oxidant via C-N₂ bond cleavage is reported. This unified strategy has been achieved by the synergistic combination of visible-light metal-free photoredox and palladium catalysis under silver-, base- and/or additive-free conditions. The broad substrate scope, functional group tolerance, excellent regioselectivity and redox-neutral conditions of this process make it attractive for the effective synthesis of a wide range of important N-heterocyclic commodities such as dibenzo[b,d]azepine, carbazole and phenanthridine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Formula: C12H17NO2).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Formula: C12H17NO2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bismuth(III)-mandelate/DMSO: a new oxidizing system for the catalyzed carbon-carbon cleavage of epoxides was written by Zevaco, Thomas;Dunach, Elisabet;Postel, Michele. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1993.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

Bi(III)-mandelate was found to be an effective catalyst for the oxidative C-C bond cleavage of epoxides and their transformation into carboxylic acids in anhydrous DMSO medium. Thus, 1,7-octadiene 1,2-oxide (I) was treated with the title catalyst in Me₂SO at 90° for 24 h to give 50% CH₂:CH(CH₂)₄CO₂H. Similar treatment of styrene oxide at 75° for 22 h gave 60% PhCO₂H. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem